基于光流法的不良视频检测算法

针对用E-R模型建立空间数据库概念模型存在的不足之处,将本体论的思想和方法引入到地理信息领域.讨论了地理本体的意义及其表达语言.阐述了空间E-R模型的特点,分析了地理本体和空间E-R模型之间的关系.提出了以地理本体为语义基础设计空间ER模型的思想,并用扩展OWL表示的灌溉本体为例,介绍了从地理本体出发,设计空间E-R模型来建立空间数据库概念模型的方法.     

基于地理本体的空间数据库概念建模

针对用E-R模型建立空间数据库概念模型存在的不足之处,将本体论的思想和方法引入到地理信息领域。讨论了地理本体的意义及其表达语言。阐述了空间E-R模型的特点,分析了地理本体和空间E-R模型之间的关系。提出了以地理本体为语义基础设计空间ER模型的思想,并用扩展OWL表示的灌溉本体为例,介绍了从地理本体出发,设计空间E-R模型来建立空间数据库概念模型的方法。     

Techniques of Successful Application of Factor Analysis in Software Measurement

Metrics in a software sense can be roughly divided into two groups, internal metrics and external metrics. Internal metrics can be measured directly, while external metrics are predicted using internal metrics. Factor analysis is a statistical technique which can be applied to analyze the structure of internal metrics and form a prediction model for external metrics A prediction model generated by using factor analysis needs further validation since factor analysis has a non-unique solution for the factor-loading matrix. The computational methodology to establish a model is presented as well as the validation process. This is illustrated by an empirical study of design metrics and a prediction model for design quality.     

以E-R模型为基础构造数据仓库的概念模型

建立数据模型是构造数据仓库的重要步骤之一,多维数据模型是数据仓库设计中广泛采用的概念模型。该文提出了利用操作型数据库系统中已存在的E-R模型,把E-R模型转换变形为属性树,从而建立数据仓库的多维数据模型的方法。使用这一方法可以对已存在的数据库系统的信息资源进行二次利用,有助于对现存信息系统的深入理解和认识,减少必不可少的信息系统调研所耗费的时间,加速构造数据仓库的进程。     

Methodology for validating software metrics

A comprehensive metrics validation methodology is proposed that has six validity criteria, which support the quality functions assessment, control, and prediction, where quality functions are activities conducted by software organizations for the purpose of achieving project quality goals. Six criteria are defined and illustrated: association, consistency, discriminative power, tracking, predictability, and repeatability. The author shows that nonparametric statistical methods such as contingency tables play an important role in evaluating metrics against the validity criteria. Examples emphasizing the discriminative power validity criterion are presented. A metrics validation process is defined that integrates quality factors, metrics, and quality functions     

物联网和服务架构的食品安全信息平台模型

针对食品供应链管理和质量安全的跟踪和追溯需求,利用物联网技术,参照EPC标准,提出了一种基于物联网和服务架构的食品安全信息平台模型,描述了RFID技术在Internet基础上实现食品的全程跟踪管理的E-R模型、网络架构、技术框架和功能模块,可通过Web Service和智能手机等多种方式查询追溯详细的电子信息.     

Blind quality assessment for screen content images by combining local and global features

Recently, several no-reference image quality assessment (NR-IQA) metrics have been developed for the quality evaluation of screen content images (SCIs). While, most of them are opinion-aware methods, which are limited by the subjective opinion scores of training data. Hence, in this paper, we propose a novel opinion-unaware method to predict the quality of SCIs without any prior information. Firstly, an union feature is proposed by considering the local and global visual characteristics of human visual system simultaneously. Specifically, a local structural feature is extracted from the rough and smooth regions of SCIs by leveraging a sparse representation model. As a supplement, a global feature is obtained by combining the luminance statistical feature and local binary pattern (LBP) feature of entire SCIs. Secondly, to get rid of the limitation of subjective opinion scores, a new large-scale training dataset contained 80,000 distorted SCIs is constructed, and the quality labels of those distorted SCIs are derived by an advanced full-reference IQA metric. Thirdly, a regression model between image features and image quality labels is learned from the training dataset by employing a learning-based framework. And then, the quality scores of test SCIs can be predicted by the pre-trained regression model. The experimental results on two largest SCI-oriented databases show that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art NR-IQA metrics.     

An entity-relationship programming language

The syntax for an integrated E-R programming language is presented. The problems that arise when a query language is embedded in a general-purpose programming language are discussed. Other E-R languages are also discussed. The requirements for the language and a syntax for an E-R model in which entity sets are mutually disjoint and each entity type has a unique, perhaps multiattribute, key are presented. The syntax for a more limited model restricted to binary relationships between entity types and without attributes is presented. Some implementation considerations are discussed     

Quality metrics in high-dimensional data visualization: an overview and systematization

In this paper, we present a systematization of techniques that use quality metrics to help in the visual exploration of meaningful patterns in high-dimensional data. In a number of recent papers, different quality metrics are proposed to automate the demanding search through large spaces of alternative visualizations (e.g., alternative projections or ordering), allowing the user to concentrate on the most promising visualizations suggested by the quality metrics. Over the last decade, this approach has witnessed a remarkable development but few reflections exist on how these methods are related to each other and how the approach can be developed further. For this purpose, we provide an overview of approaches that use quality metrics in high-dimensional data visualization and propose a systematization based on a thorough literature review. We carefully analyze the papers and derive a set of factors for discriminating the quality metrics, visualization techniques, and the process itself. The process is described through a reworked version of the well-known information visualization pipeline. We demonstrate the usefulness of our model by applying it to several existing approaches that use quality metrics, and we provide reflections on implications of our model for future research.     

层次型Java软件质量度量模型研究

软件度量研究方兴未艾,构建软件度量模型是其中一个重要的研究方向。度量模型从本质上说,是一组对软件进行评价的标准。这个标准并不是仅仅为了用来证明软件的好坏优劣,也用来反映不同软件系统或者软件模块的特点,从而为不同的需求服务。计算机科学中没有绝对的概念,它从诞生起就是紧密围绕应用服务的,计算机科学的研究一定要和现实需求相关联,因此作为一种评价标准,度量模型同样是从不同方面来综合评测软件的属性,从而在不同需求面前提供可参考的选择。     

How do we measure and improve the quality of a hierarchical ontology?

Hierarchical ontologies enable organising information in a human-machine understandable form, but constructing them for reuse and maintainability remains difficult. Often supporting tools available lack formal methodological underpinning and their developers are not supported by any concomitant metrics. The paper presents a formal underpinning to provide quality metrics of a taxonomy hierarchical ontology and proposes a methodology for semi-automatic building of maintainable taxonomies. Users provide terms to be used to describe different ontological elements as well as their attributes and their ranges of values. The methodology uses the formalised metrics to assess the quality of the users input and proposes changes according to given quality constraints. The paper illustrates the metrics and the methodology in constructing and repairing two medium size well-known taxonomies.     

The NIST 2008 Metrics for machine translation challenge—overview, methodology, metrics, and results

This paper discusses the evaluation of automated metrics developed for the purpose of evaluating machine translation (MT) technology. A general discussion of the usefulness of automated metrics is offered. The NIST MetricsMATR evaluation of MT metrology is described, including its objectives, protocols, participants, and test data. The methodology employed to evaluate the submitted metrics is reviewed. A summary is provided for the general classes of evaluated metrics. Overall results of this evaluation are presented, primarily by means of correlation statistics, showing the degree of agreement between the automated metric scores and the scores of human judgments. Metrics are analyzed at the sentence, document, and system level with results conditioned by various properties of the test data. This paper concludes with some perspective on the improvements that should be incorporated into future evaluations of metrics for MT evaluation.     

A methodology for architecture-level reliability risk analysis

The paper presents a methodology for reliability risk assessment at the early stages of the development lifecycle, namely, the architecture level. We describe a heuristic risk assessment methodology that is based on dynamic metrics. The methodology uses dynamic complexity and dynamic coupling metrics to define complexity factors for the architecture elements (components and connectors). Severity analysis is performed using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as applied to architecture models. We combine severity and complexity factors to develop heuristic risk factors for the architecture components and connectors. Based on analysis scenarios, we develop a risk assessment model that represents components, connectors, component risk factors, connector risk factors, and probabilities of component interactions. We also develop a risk analysis algorithm that aggregates risk factors of components and connectors to the architectural level. Using the risk aggregation and the risk analysis model, we show how to analyze the overall risk factor of the architecture as the function of the risk factors of its constituting components and connectors. A case study of a pacemaker architecture is used to illustrate the application of the methodology. The methodology is used to identify critical components and connectors and to investigate the sensitivity of the architecture risk factor to changes in the heuristic risk factors of the architecture elements     

New software-quality metrics methodology standard fills measurementneed

The IEEE 1061, IEEE standard for a software-quality metrics methodology, which is the first IEEE-issued standard that deals with quality metrics, is discussed. The philosophy behind the standard, the scope of the standard, and the standard's intended audience are described. Several aspects of the standard, including the methodology of metrics and validity criteria, are reviewed     

E-R模型的回答集编程表示

作为一种广为接受的语义数据模型,E-R模型被广泛地应用于数据库设计阶段.但是E-R模型自身却存在某些缺陷,这些缺陷制约了对其进一步的应用.针对E-R模型的改进,目前主要存在基于图形表示和描述性逻辑表示两种途径.但是,前者仍然不具有自动推理能力,而后者却存在表示能力弱、与数据库兼容性不足等缺陷.为克服以上缺陷,提出一种利用回答集编程(answer set programming)表示E-R模型的新方法.首先,对应于数据库的E-R模式被区分为基本和扩展两种类型,并分别完成它们的语法与语义定义.其次,利用回答集编程完成以上两类模式的逻辑编程表示.最后,完成表示的正确性证明.提出的方法不仅为E-R模型提供了一种新的逻辑表示途径,而且相对原有的两种E-R模型改进途径具有明显的优势.更为重要的是该研究成果使得应用E-R模型实现异构数据库之间的语义协作成为可能.     

数据库应用系统逻辑结构设计初探

数据库应用系统的逻辑设计是建立数据库应用系统过程中最为重要的一环。主要就如何科学合理地进行数据库系统逻辑设计,从E—R图向数据模型的转换、关系模式的规范化、改善优化数据库性能、存储空间的调整等四个方面进行分析和讨论。     

Investigating ARIMA models of software system quality

In this paper, we investigate how to incorporate program complexity measures with a software quality model. We collect software complexity metrics and fault counts from each build during the testing phase of a large commercial software system. Though the data are limited in quantity, we are able to predict the number of faults in the next build. The technique we used is called times series analysis and forecasting. The methodology assumes that future predictions are based on the history of past observations. We will show that the combined complexity quality model is an improvement over the simpler quality only model. Finally, we explore how the testing process used in this development may be improved by using these predictions and suggest areas for future research.     

基于可信度的MANET路由协议综合评估

针对移动AdHoc网络路由协议评估中指标的模糊性及其体现信息的不完全问题,提出一种基于可信度的路由协议综合评估方法。该方法根据IETFRFC2501的建议,构造路由协议可信度评估指标模型。结合灰色评估法和层次分析法,将评估路由协议性能的主观因素限制在很小范围内,得到了更客观且准确的协议可信度,使用户可以根据评估结果和实际需要快速选择合适的路由协议。实验结果证明,该方法是有效的。     

The measurement of software design quality

Software quality involves the conformance of a software product to some predefined set of functional requirements at a specified level of quality. The software is considered valid when it conforms to these “quality factors” at some acceptable level. There are a large number of quality factors against which software may be validated. This paper discusses the development of traditional software metrics in relation to the anticipated structure of a software system. The taxonomy of a software system primarily relies upon the dissection of the software system into modules. Modular design is the cornerstone of quality software, and metrics that can predict an optimum modular structure are critical. By examining the theoretical bases on quality metrics, a base set of common quantitative metrics can be devised and mapped to quality metrics in which they reside. This paper surveys existing metrics and suggests the derivation of software design metrics from software quality factors. Measurable software attributes are identified and suggested as potential design metrics.     

面向真实水下图像增强的质量评价数据集

目的 由于光在水中的衰减/散射以及微生物对光的吸收/反射等影响,水下图像通常存在色偏、模糊、光照不均匀以及对比度过低等诸多质量问题。研究人员对此提出了许多不同的水下图像增强算法。为了探究目前已有的水下图像增强算法的性能和图像质量客观评价方法是否适用于评估水下图像,本文开展大规模主观实验来对比不同水下图像增强算法在真实水下图像数据集上的性能,并对现有图像质量评价方法用于评估水下图像的准确性进行测试。方法 构建了一个真实的水下图像数据集,其中包含100幅原始水下图像以及对应的1 000幅由10种主流水下图像增强方法增强后的图像。基于成对比较的策略开展水下图像主观质量评价,进一步对主观评价得到的结果进行分析,包括一致性分析、收敛性分析以及显著性检验。最后将10种现有主流的无参考图像质量评价在本文数据集上进行测试,检验其在真实水下图像数据集上的评价性能。结果 一致性分析中,该数据集包含的主观评分有较高的肯德尔一致性系数,其值为0.41;收敛性分析中,所收集的投票数量与图像数量足够得到稳定的主观评分;表明本文构建的数据集具有良好的有效性与可靠性。此外,目前对比自然图像的无参考图像质量评价方法并不...