纳米氧化铝粒子对化学镀镍-磷合金晶化行为的影响

通过化学复合镀制备纳米氧化铝粒子增强镍-磷合金复合镀层,并对所得表面纳米复合材料进行透射电镜显微分析(TEM)、扫描电镜显微分析(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、能谱成分分析(EADX)和示差扫描量热分析(DSC).结果表明:纳米粒子在复合镀层中含量较高且分布均匀;所得镀层是中磷非晶态.纳米粒子使得复合镀层晶化温度降低,显微硬度值比镍-磷合金镀层明显提高.在一定条件下热处理,复合镀层晶化,硬度值大幅提高.     

高磷Ni-P镀层的AFM表征及耐蚀性

化学镀Ni-P二元合金镀层的耐蚀性与其组织结构、表面形态密切相关。实验获得磷质量分数11.54%的高磷镀层,镀态下为非晶态结构。300℃热处理后开始晶化,并在400℃热处理时完全晶化,镀层由非晶态的Ni相转变为Ni3P+Ni混合稳定相。用原子力显微镜(AFM)对镀层表面观察发现,不同热处理下的镀层合金表面形态差别很大。形态的差异对镀层合金的耐蚀性有影响,特别是400℃热处理后,由于表面纳米植被的覆盖使得此时镀层合金的耐蚀性最优异。     

铝合金化学镀镍磷合金镀层的组织和相结构

介绍了铝合金化学镀镍磷合金镀层的初期析出行为、组织和相结构。镀态下，镀层截面组织为黑白分明的层状组织，平面组织呈同心环状。低磷镀层的相结构是磷在镍中的过饱和固溶体，而高磷镀层为非晶态镍磷合金。随着加热温度的升高，低磷镀层的相结构是磷在镍中的过饱和固溶体，而高磷镀层为非晶态镍磷合金。随着加热温度的升高，低磷镀层首先析出ＮｉｘＰｙ，然后析出Ｎｉ３Ｐ相。高磷非晶态镀层首先晶化转变成ＮｉｘＰｙ相和Ｎｉ３Ｐ     

电沉积非晶态镍磷镀层的结构及晶化过程

对电沉积磷含量12.3wt%非晶态Ni-P镀层晶化过程进行了分析。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描分析(DSC)、透射电镜(TEM)和高分辩透射电镜(HRTEM)研究了非晶态Ni-P合金镀层热处理前后的相转变和结构变化。结果表明,晶化过程分步进行,经历非晶→亚稳相→稳定相的转变。XRD和分析结果表明,270℃镀层开始晶化,亚稳相Ni12P5和Ni5P2析出,420℃时完全消失,转变为Ni3P和Ni稳定相。     

化学镀Ni-P-SiO2复合镀层的晶化行为研究（英文）

将纳米SiO2颗粒加入到化学镀液中制备出纳米SiO2颗粒强化复合镀层,并对得到的复合镀层的组织结构和晶化行为进行研究。结果表明:纳米颗粒的加入没有影响到镀层的非晶结构,复合镀层仍为非晶态,加热后镀层发生晶化,纳米颗粒降低了镀层的晶化温度,镀层的晶化激活能从254.28下降到220.30kJ/mol。     

非晶态镍磷合金的组织结构与性能

研究了化学沉积非晶态镍磷合金的组织结构与性能。结果表明,随着沉积层中磷含量的增加,合金的非晶化趋势提高,非晶态镍磷合金层的硬度和耐磨性能下降,且明显低于晶态镍磷合金;经过大于６１３Ｋ的时效处理,非晶态镍磷合金晶化且有Ｎｉ３Ｐ生成,沉积层的硬度和耐磨性得以提高并超过晶态合金;非晶态镍磷合金经过时效处理晶化后且组织结构发生变化,耐腐蚀性能下降,硬化性能则提高。     

非晶态镍磷合金晶化过程的研究

利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计,研究了非晶态镍磷合金镀层晶化过程及镀层的组织和性能.结果表明: 200～260℃加热,镀层的局部区域已发生晶化;280℃热处理后晶化过程加快;400℃热处理后晶化完全;500℃加热处理后晶粒开始长大.表明非晶态Ni-P合金的晶化在200～400℃温度范围内进行,晶化过程中,弥散析出的Ni3P相具有调幅结构.大量高硬度的Ni3P相弥散析出,使镀层硬度大大提高.     

退火对化学镀镍-磷-纳米金刚石复合膜的结构和性能的影响

在45钢表面进行化学镀镍-磷-纳米金刚石复合膜,使用X射线衍射仪、刻划法和盐水浸蚀法研究了退火对复合膜的结构和性能的影响.结果表明,退火前为非晶镍磷合金和纳米金刚石粉的混合膜,随退火温度的升高,镍磷合金发生晶化和晶粒长大;退火前镀层硬度为930HV,退火后硬度超过1600HV;退火后的附着力提高;耐蚀性比0Cr18Ni9Ti要好.     

热处理对混晶结构Ni-Mo合金镀层电化学性能的影响

对获得的非晶/纳米晶混合结构形态的镍钼合金镀层在氮气保护条件下作热处理实验,研究热处理后合金镀层的电化学性能.结果表明,非晶/纳米晶的Ni-Mo合金具有较好的析氢催化活性,与镀层中的非晶态含量及镀层的真实接触面积有关.在350℃以下热处理,镀层结构仍具有混晶结构形态,具有良好的析氢催化活性;当温度高于450℃以上时,合金镀层开始以晶态合金出现,析氢催化活性降低.     

Zr65Al7.5Cu17.5Ni10大块非晶态合金的制备及晶化过程

采用直接水淬法成功制备直径５ｍｍ球状Ｚｒ６５Ａｌ７．５Ｃｕ１７．５Ｎｉ１０大块非晶态合金。Ｘ射线衍射、透射电镜检验证明样品完全为非晶态。采用Ｘ射线衍射、差示扫描热分析仪（ＤＳＣ）分析了Ｚｒ６５Ａｌ７．５Ｃｕ１７．５Ｎｉ１０非晶态合金的晶化过程,利用Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇｅｒ方程求得Ｚｒ６５Ａｌ７．５Ｃｕ１７．５Ｎｉ１０非晶合金的晶化表观激活能。Ｘ射线衍射实验结果表明,Ｚｒ６５Ａｌ７．５Ｃｕ１７．５Ｎｉ１０非晶态合金的晶化是按下面的次序进行的,非晶态合金→体心立方晶相Ｚｒ２（Ｎｉ,Ａｌ）＋非晶相→体心立方相Ｚｒ２（Ｎｉ,Ａｌ）＋体心立方相Ｚｒ２（Ｃｕ,Ａｌ）。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.