炭黑表面的接枝聚合改性方法

通过接枝高聚物对炭黑表面改性，可显著提高炭黑与基质的相容性，本文介绍了带有可反应端基的聚合物和可分解自由基官能团的聚合物与炭黑间的接枝反应，这种接枝方法可控制接枝链分子量及其分布。     

工业参比炭黑4#的研究

研制工业参比炭黑4^#（IRC4^#）标样,并按GB/T 9580—2009《标准参比炭黑的鉴定方法》进行定值。结果表明：IRC4^#的理化性质及数据的标准偏差水平与ASTM IRB7^#（IRB7^#）相近,具有较高的稳定性;IRB7^#和IRC4^#分别填充天然橡胶、丁苯橡胶和顺丁橡胶硫化胶的物理性能相当,IRC4^#可替代IRB7^#用于合成橡胶产品的质量鉴定。     

炭黑填充复合型导电聚合物的研究进展

在聚合物基体中添加导电炭黑以降低聚合物的电阻率,是目前最为常用的制备导电聚合物的方法。综述了炭黑填充复合型导电聚合物的研究进展。对影响复合材料导电性能及渗滤阈值的因素进行了讨论。重点介绍了使用共混聚合物作基体,并利用炭黑在共混基体中的非均相分布来降低炭黑用量的研究。     

炭黑填充聚合物的导电性研究

研究了炭黑（ＣＢ）填充聚合物的导电特征,并着重讨论了ＣＢ种类、含量与材料体积电阻率的关系以及加工条件、交联剂和非导电填料对材料导电性的影响。     

分子结构及炭黑粒子对丁苯橡胶挤出流变特性的影响

本工作主要通过毛细管流变仪,并结合多种表征测试手段,考察了丁苯橡胶分子结构以及炭黑用量对胶料挤出流变特性的影响。结果表明：ESBR1712纯胶及填充胶表观剪切黏度均大于SSBR2564A;ESBR1712与SSBR2564A两种纯胶的挤出稳定性相近,但炭黑填充SSBR2564A混炼胶的挤出稳定性更为优异,挤出物外观质量较好;与SSBR2564A相比,ESBR1712分子链柔顺性更好,炭黑在该体系中的分散性更好,结合胶含量更高。     

PVA基碱性聚合物电解质Ni(OH)2/AC超级电容器的电化学性能

Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-sodium polyacrylate(PAAS)-KOH-H₂O alkaline polymer electrolyte film with high ionic conductivity was prepared by a solution-casting method.Polymer Ni(OH)₂/activated carbon(AC) hybrid supercapacitors with different electrode active material mass ratios(positive to negative) were fabricated using this alkaline polymer electrolyte,nickel hydroxide positive electrodes,and AC negative electrodes.Galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) methods were used to study the electrochemical performance of the capacitors,such as charge/discharge specific capacitance,rate charge/discharge ability,and charge/discharge cyclic stability.Experimental results showed that with the decreasing of active material mass ratio m(Ni(OH)₂)/m(AC),the charge/discharge specific capacitance increases,but the rate charge/discharge ability and the charge/discharge cyclic stability decrease.     

中性墨水用碳黑色浆的分散稳定性

通过分散剂的筛选,研制了配置中性笔墨水的水性碳黑色浆. 提出了用于表征碳黑色浆分散稳定性的离心分离-吸光光度方法,并初步实验验证了其可行性. 优化了分散剂的用量,并研究了砂磨时间对色浆存储稳定性的影响. 结果表明,具有芳环结构的高分子嵌段共聚物是制备碳黑水性色浆的优良分散剂. 以碳黑颜料为基准,当苯乙烯-马来酸酐树脂铵盐溶液分散剂用量为20%、砂磨2 h时,得到平均粒径为117.1 nm的碳黑色浆,放置15 d后平均粒径为160.0 nm,具有较优的存储稳定性,以此色浆制备的中性墨水具有良好的存储稳定性和书写性能.     

Comparative study of polymer single cells based on sulfonated linear and star butadiene–styrene block copolymer electrolyte membranes

Proton‐conducting electrolytes based on a sulfonated hydrogenated poly(butadiene–styrene) matrix were synthesized. Block copolymer ionomers were prepared through sulfonation of part of the styrene units. The free acid samples were characterized with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to quantify sulfonation. Microstructural and electrical characterizations of membranes obtained from sulfonated polymer and blends were carried out with dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and impedance spectroscopy. Electrolytes exhibiting the highest conductivities were tested in a model hydrogen/oxygen single fuel cell working at a medium temperature range (30–80°C) and at 1 bar of pressure. The current and power densities obtained were compared with commercial Nafion electrolyte. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 367–377, 2002     

CoO改性炭电极电化学电容器研究

以普通活性炭为基材,用Co(NO_3)_2溶液浸渍和高温热解法制备改性炭材料。采用循环伏安、恒流充放电、漏电流测试等电化学方法研究了由改性炭电极构成的电化学电容器的性能。结果显示虽然改性炭的比表面积比原炭有所下降,但是比电容却显著增加,从130.1F/g增加到198.8 F/g,提高了52.8%;其相应的体积比电容高达136.9 F/cm~3。     

Carbon Aerogels for Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors

Carbon aerogels are prepared here via pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels. Their open porous and electrically conductive structure renders carbon aerogels suitable for the application in supercapacitors. Different types of electrodes can be derived from the sol-gel-precursors of carbon aerogels: Monolithic fibre-reinforced electrodes and polymer-carbon compounds. Both carbon fibre reinforced and polymeric bound aerogel electrodes based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have been investigated in this work with respect to their electrical conductivity, surface area and capacitive performance. The capacitance of both electrode types is above 65 F/cm³ in aqueous electrolytes and this meets the demands of supercapacitor electrodes.     

改性白炭黑对天然橡胶和环氧化天然橡胶共混物力学性能的影响

研究了白炭黑对天然橡胶和环氧化天然橡胶（NR／ENR）共混物的补强性能以及改性剂的品种和用量对白炭黑分散效果的影响。结果表明，间苯二酚六次甲基四胺（PY）、硅烷偶联剂KH-550、Si-69这3种改性剂对白炭黑都起到了很好的改性作用。PY以40／60的质量比把间苯二酚和六次甲基四胺溶解、混合所得的络合物的改性效果最好，其中硅烷偶联剂Si-69和KH-550的最佳用量以白炭黑质量用量的9％为宜。     

接枝炭黑/聚乙烯导电复合材料正电阻温度系数(PTC)效应研究

用接枝炭黑作导电粒子研究了在聚乙烯基材中的正 (电阻 )温度系数 (PTC)效应。结果发现 ,甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝的炭黑在高密度聚乙烯中能表现出较好的 PTC效应。从实验现象分析 ,接枝炭黑的 PTC效应是结晶熔融和体积膨胀双重变化共同作用的结果。     

碳负载型IrO2水合物复合电极材料的制备及电容性能研究

文章以KB600型活性炭和少量氯铱酸为原料,分别采用共沉积法和还原氧化法制备了碳载氧化铱电极材料,通过循环伏安测试和恒流充放电测试对比分析了材料的电化学性能。其中,还原氧化法制备的碳载IrO2电极材料的比电容量高达389.7 F·g-1,具有较好的应用前景。     

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding Effectiveness of PP/PS Polymer Blends Containing High Structure Carbon Black

The morphological, electrical resistivity (ER), and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) properties of poly(propylene) (PP), polystyrene (PS), PP/PS, and PP/PS/styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) blends filled with 10 vol.‐% high structure carbon black (CB) were studied. For the CB/PP/PS blends, TEM and SEM observations indicated that CB is preferentially localized in the PS phase. ER and EMI SE of the CB/PP/PS and CB/PP/PS/SBS blends were bounded between those of the PS composite (lower bound) and the PP composite (upper bound). In the PP/PS volume ratio ranging from (75/25) to (25/75), ER and EMI SE of the CB‐filled blends were independent of the PP/PS volume ratio. The EMI SE obtained by the 2 mm thick plates made of 10 vol.‐% CB‐filled (100/0)–(10/90) PP/PS blends are adequate for computers shielding applications.

     

Constructing a Carbon-Encapsulated Carbon Composite Material with Hierarchically Porous Architectures for Efficient Capacitive Storage in Organic Supercapacitors

Hierarchical porous activated carbon (HPAC) materials with fascinating porous features are favored for their function as active materials for supercapacitors. However, achieving high mass-loading of the HPAC electrodes remains challenging. Inspired by the concepts of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites and hydrogels, a novel hydrogel-derived HPAC (H-HPAC) encapsulated H-HPAC (H@H) composite material was successfully synthesized in this study. In comparison with the original H-HPAC, it is noticed that the specific surface area and pore parameters of the resulting H@H are observably decreased, while the proportions of nitrogen species are dramatically enhanced. The free-standing and flexible H@H electrodes with a mass-loading of 7.5 mg/cm² are further prepared for electrochemical measurements. The experiments revealed remarkable reversible capacitance (118.6 F/g at 1 mA/cm²), rate capability (73.9 F/g at 10 mA/cm²), and cycling stability (76.6% of retention after 30,000 cycles at 5 mA) are delivered by the coin-type symmetric cells. The cycling stability is even better than that of the H-HPAC electrode. Consequently, the findings of the present study suggest that the nature of the HPAC surface is a significant factor affecting the corresponding capacitive performances.     

PE／炭黑导电复合体系正（电阻）温度系数

较系统地研究了以ＬＤＰＥ,ＨＤＰＥ,ＬＬＤＰＥ等为基体,在各自临界组成区域掺混一同类型的炭黑对复合物正（电阻）温度系数（ＰＴＣ）负（电阻）温度系数导电特性的影响。结果发现,不同类型的ＰＥ及炭黑种类的ＰＴＣ特性曲线具有不同特征,通过对导电填料进行表面处理及对ＰＥ进行接技改性可以提高导电复合物的热电稳定性。     

混炼工艺对炭黑/CR/BR复合材料性 能的影响

工作以CR/BR并用胶为基体材料、炭黑为补强填料制备炭黑/CR/BR复合材料,探究炭黑的添加顺序与薄通工艺对炭黑在CR/BR并用胶中的分散性及其硫化胶性能的影响。结果表明：在不同混炼工艺制备炭黑/CR/BR并用胶中,采用先将炭黑混入BR相中再与CR共混的工艺很好的提高了炭黑的分散性,炭黑/CR/BR复合材料的硫化特性和物理性能随炭黑分散性变好而得到提高;薄通5次时各种配合剂在并用胶中分散性良好。     

炭黑密相气力输送系统设计

随着橡胶工业的发展，以及气力输送特有的优点，气力输送系统越来越广泛地应用于输送炭黑的过程中。以炭黑气力输送系统为研究对象，详细介绍了系统设计的基本参数确定、气力输送形式的确定、压送罐客积的设计、输送管道的设计，并通过输送系统压力降的计算验证了设计参数的取值是合理的。     

接枝型水性聚合物分散剂的催化链转移聚合制备及其炭黑分散能力研究

应用催化链转移聚合技术合成末端带有可聚合双键的大分子单体,然后大分子单体进一步与主链单体共聚制备接枝聚合物,并通过定量酸性水解得到支链亲水、主链疏水的两亲接枝聚合物。同时系统研究了该聚合物的主链与侧链的分子量大小、主链锚定基团种类与浓度等因素对其在水性体系中炭黑分散能力的影响,为分散剂的结构优化奠定基础;所优选结构的分散剂其炭黑分散能力与进口分散剂Disperbyk-190相当。     

Thermal characterization of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and GAP‐based binders for composite propellants

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to investigate the thermal behavior of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and GAP‐based binders, which are of potential interest for the development of high‐performance energetic propellants. The glass transition temperature (T_g) and decomposition temperature (T_d) of pure GAP were found to be −45 and 242°C, respectively. The energy released during decomposition (ΔH_d) was measured as 485 cal/g. The effect of the heating rate on these properties was also investigated. Then, to decrease its T_g, GAP was mixed with the plasticizers dioctiladipate (DOA) and bis‐2,2‐dinitropropyl acetal formal (BDNPA/F). The thermal characterization results showed that BDNPA/F is a suitable plasticiser for GAP‐based propellants. Later, GAP was crosslinked by using the curing agent triisocyanate N‐100 and a curing catalyst dibuthyltin dilaurate (DBTDL). The thermal characterization showed that crosslinking increases the T_g and decreases the T_d of GAP. The T_g of cured GAP was decreased to sufficiently low temperatures (−45°C) by using BDNPA/F. The decomposition reaction‐rate constants were calculated. It can be concluded that the binder developed by using GAP/N‐100/BDNPA/F/DBTDL may meet the requirements of the properties that makes it useful for future propellant formulations. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 538–546, 2000