三层结构各层次的实现技术研究

文章介绍了三层结构各层次的实现技术,其中用户层介绍了JSP技术,应用层介绍了DELPHI的MIDAS技术,数据层介绍了分布数据库ORACLE.     

火电厂自动化控制系统应用与研究

文章在介绍了火电厂自动化控制系统的分类和研究的基础上,着重介绍了DCS各子系统的功能,以及介绍了他的优点。     

浅谈电力营销自动管理及交互式服务系统

文章介绍了一种电力营销自动管理及交互式服务系统。首先介绍了背景技术,然后对一种新型的电力营销自动管理及交互式服务系统进行了具体内容的分析,介绍了方法步骤及应用效果,介绍了具体实施方式及其优点。     

卫星遥感技术在盐行业中的应用

文章介绍了卫星遥感技术在盐业生产中的应用.首先简要介绍了我国盐业生产现状,并叙述了进行盐业生产监测的重要性;接着介绍了卫星遥感技术及其优点;最后以盐池面积估算为例,介绍了卫星遥感技术的原理和实现方法.     

钢纤维及其应用

本文全面、系统地介绍了各种规格钢纤维及其使用性能,详细地介绍了制造方法,并简要介绍了钢纤维的发展历史和应用领域。     

卫星遥感技术在盐行业中的应用

文章介绍了卫星遥感技术在盐业生产中的应用。首先简要介绍了我国盐业生产现状，并叙述了进行盐业生产监测的重要性；接着介绍了卫星遥感技术及其优点；最后以盐池面积估算为例。介绍了卫星遥感技术的原理和实现方法。     

抗菌纤维及其纺织品的发展

本文介绍了细菌的知识，着重介绍了常见的致病菌及其危害性。叙述了用于抗茵纤维及纺织品的主要抗茵荆的种类和作用机理，介绍了抗菌性能的测试和表征方法。重点介绍了抗菌纤维和纺织品的加工方法，最后分析了抗茵纤维及其纺织品的发展动向。     

芬兰Turku／Abo大学制浆造纸学科介绍

介绍了Ｔｕｒｋｕ／Ａｂｏ大学及其化工学院的情况，并介绍了涉及制浆造纸学科的３个系，即制浆科学技术系、造纸化学系和林产化学系，重点介绍他们目前的科研范围。最后介绍了国际合作联合计划的执行情况。     

精梳棉亚麻JC70／L30 9．8tex纱的生产开发

简要介绍了亚麻纤维的性能特征，介绍了棉麻纤维混纺纱的工艺配置与技术措施；介绍了麻纤维在混纺过程中投料比的选择和控制。     

芬兰Turku/bo大学制浆造纸学科介绍

介绍了Ｔｕｒｋｕ／Ａ。ｂｏ大学及其化工学院的情况，并介绍了涉及制浆造纸学科的３个系，即制浆科学技术系、造纸化学系和林产化学系，重点介绍他们目前的科研范围。最后介绍了国际合作联合计划的执行情况。     

Amino-acid composition of maturing wheat

Amino-acids were determined in hydrolysates of two wheat varieties harvested at various stages of maturity, and in flours milled from the wheat samples. During maturation, the concentration in protein of lysine, aspartic acid, glycine. alanine and valine decreased; and concentrations of glutamic acid and proline increased. Milling of wheat into flour reduced the concentrations of lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, glycine and alanine. Concentrations of glutaniic acid and proline were higher in flour than in wheat proteins. Concentrations of cationic side-chains in amino-acids were higher in wheat than in flour, and in both decreased with maturity. Total carboxyl and amide groups were higher in flour than in wheat, and their concentrations increased as the wheat matured. About 84% of the dicarboxylic acids were in amide form. Small changes were observed in concentrations of amino-acid residues with hydroxylic or hydrophobic groups, and in cystine.     

Multielemental analysis of purpleback flying squad using high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS)

Forty-four elements were analyzed in 21 tissues of purpleback flying squid, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis, by high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-AES). Greater concentrations of V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Cd, Pb, and Bi were found in liver, pancreas, and ink sac than in other tissues. Ink sac concentrated remarkable levels of Ca and Sr in addition to the above-mentioned elements. Several alkalis, alkaline earth, and rare earth elements preferentially accumulated in muscle. Among the hard tissues, accumulation of V and U in beak, Ni, Zn, and Cd in gladius and Cr in skin was prominent. K, Rb, Cs, Pb, Bi and some transition elements (V, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the livers of adult than in juvenile squids. Sodium, alkaline earth, and rare earth elements were higher in the livers of juveniles than in adult squids.     

Trace mineral content of conventional,organic and courtyard eggs analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

We investigated the contents in yolk and albumen of the trace minerals Se, Zn, Mn, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Cr, Ni, Tl, As and Cd in eggs from hens from three husbandry systems by ICP-MS. Conventional hens were given a commercial feed with added minerals, organic hens were given a feed based on organic feedstuffs also with added minerals, and courtyard hens were fed on cereals, legumes, grass and swill. Dietary Se, Zn, Mn, Co and Cu concentrations were lower in courtyard compared to conventional and organic diets; Cr concentration was highest in courtyard compared to organic diet. Trace element contents in yolks were higher than those in albumen. The highest content of Se in yolks was in organic, followed by conventional eggs. Zn contents were highest in courtyard yolk, followed by conventional, which in turn was higher than organic. Mn yolk contents were lowest in courtyard eggs; Cr contents were highest in courtyard eggs. The differences in albumen were in Zn and Cr values, which were highest in courtyard eggs. Τhe results provide baseline measurements of trace mineral contents of eggs and suggest measurable differences amongst eggs from hens in different husbandry systems; the physiological significance of these differences are discussed.     

Effect of Packaging Materials on the Chemical Composition of Potatoes

Russet Burbank and Chieftain potatoes were packaged in either mesh, paper or polyethylene bags and compared in chemical composition after 1, 4, and 8 wk of storage at 20^oC. Potatoes were analyzed for weight loss, discoloration, phenols, ascorbic acid, glycoalkaloids and nitrate-nitrogen. Potatoes packaged in polyethylene were lowest in weight loss, ascorbic acid and nitrate-nitrogen and highest in discoloration, phenols and glycoalkaloids than those packaged in mesh or paper. Potatoes packaged in paper were lowest in discoloration and phenols and highest in ascorbic acid. There were no significant differences in weight loss, glycoalkaloids or nitrate-nitrogen between potatoes packaged in mesh on paper.     

应用电子鼻和气质联用仪研究不同采收季节浒苔的挥发性物质

为研究春季浒苔与冬季浒苔的挥发性物质种类及成分的差异,本文通过电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取与气质联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)联合使用检测分析冬季与春季浒苔挥发性物质差异。电子鼻各传感器采集数值经过t检验分析结果得出春冬两季浒苔的挥发性物质种类及成分有明显差异;HS-SPME-GC-MS分析检测春季、冬季浒苔的挥发性化合物种类数分别为68、82种,并且前者挥发性化合物中以烃类和醛类物质为主,后者挥发性化合物中以醛类和酮类为主。两者挥发性物质相对含量差异主要体现在醇类、酮类、酸类、烃类以及杂环类物质。同时在杂环类物质中,冬季浒苔检测出苦味物质甲基吡嗪,相对含量为0.13%;春季浒苔未检测出。由此得出浒苔在不同季节下其挥发性物质种类及含量有明显不同。     

Distribution of hydrophilic and lipophilic antibacterial drugs in skim milk,cream, and casein

This study determined the distribution of drugs to different milk fractions according to their physicochemical properties. Hydrophilic drugs tend to concentrate in skim milk, whereas lipophilic drugs tend to concentrate in cream. The concentration of a drug in casein is related to its degree of binding to milk proteins. Thus, we aimed to determine whether withdrawal time in whole milk differs from that in cream, casein, and skim milk. Amoxicillin and tylosin were selected as prototype hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, respectively. The study was conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine whether in vitro conditions reflect the distribution of drugs in the different milk fractions in vivo. The in vivo study was conducted using a crossover design on 6 healthy Holstein dairy cattle. First, amoxicillin (i.m., single dose, 14 mg/kg) was administered to cows. Following a 1-wk washout period, tylosin (i.m., single dose, 15 mg/kg) was administered. Concentrations of amoxicillin and tylosin in milk and milk fractions were measured using HPLC-UV. In the in vitro study, 0.04 to 400 μg/g of amoxicillin and 0.05 to 50 μg/g of tylosin were spiked to drug-free milk and the concentrations in milk and milk fractions were measured. In addition, the percentage of total protein in milk and milk fractions was determined. Amoxicillin accumulated more in skim milk than in cream and casein, both in vitro (92%) and in vivo (73%, skim milk-to-whole milk ratio). The distribution of tylosin in whole and skim milk was similar to that of amoxicillin in the in vitro study, in contrast to the accumulation of tylosin in cream seen in vivo. However, the accumulation ratio of tylosin in cream was lower than expected. By either method, tylosin was less concentrated in casein than in skim milk and cream. The percentage of total protein was similar in skim milk and whole milk and higher than in cream. Thus, amoxicillin accumulates less in cream and casein, suggesting that these fractions would pose a lower risk to the consumer. Tylosin was still present at the maximum residue limit (50 μg/kg) 24 h after injection in the casein fraction and 48 h after injection in the cream fraction.     

我国不同生态区云烟97烟叶主要品质性状差异分析

为掌握云烟97在我国不同生态区烟叶的主要品质性状差异,系统分析了云南曲靖（清香型烟区）、贵州毕节（中偏清香型烟区）和重庆武隆（中间香型烟区）3个烤烟种植生态区云烟97烟叶的外观质量、化学成分、风格特征和烟气品质。结果表明,贵州毕节烟叶烟气品质综合得分最高,中部叶干草香香韵、香气质、香气量和透发性得分显著高于云南和重庆,还原糖含量和烟气浓度显著高于重庆;云南曲靖烟叶外观质量最好,中部叶总氮含量、氮碱比值以及烟气飘逸感得分均显著高于贵州和重庆,烟气浓度和劲头得分居中,清香型特点显著;重庆武隆烟叶外观质量居中,中部叶总植物碱含量、烟气刺激性、干燥感和悬浮感得分均显著高于云南和贵州,而糖碱比和余味得分则显著低于云南和贵州,中间香型特点显著。由云南经贵州向重庆方向,云烟97烟叶清甜香韵和烟气飘逸感逐渐减弱,木香香韵和烟气悬浮感逐渐加强。     

Effects of duration of moderate increases in grain feeding on endotoxins in the digestive tract and acute phase proteins in peripheral blood of yearling calves

Effects of duration of grain feeding on the concentration of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in digesta throughout the digestive tract and on acute phase proteins and LPS in peripheral blood were determined in Holstein yearling calves. Twenty-five Holstein yearling steer calves received either a forage-based diet containing 92% hay and 8% of a mineral and vitamin pellet on a dry matter basis (CON) or a moderate-grain diet, obtained by replacing 41.5% of the hay in the forage-based diet with barley grain, for 3 (MG3), 7 (MG7), 14 (MG14), or 21 d (MG21) before slaughter. Immediately before slaughter, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. Immediately after slaughter, digesta samples were collected from the rumen, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum. Rumen liquid digesta, digesta from the intestines, and peripheral blood plasma were analyzed for LPS. Peripheral blood plasma and serum were analyzed for the acute phase proteins amyloid A, haptoglobin, and LPS-binding protein. Feeding the grain diet increased the LPS concentration in rumen fluid linearly from 15,488 endotoxin units (EU)/mL for CON to 70,146 EU/mL for MG7. Concentrations of LPS in rumen fluid in MG14 and MG21 were 61,944 and 56,234 EU/mL, respectively, and did not differ. The LPS concentrations in jejunal digesta were much lower than that in digesta elsewhere in the digestive tract, which suggests that ruminal LPS is broken down in the abomasum or proximal jejunum. The concentration of digesta LPS in the ileum was higher than that of digesta elsewhere in the intestines and similar to that in rumen fluid. The duration of grain feeding increased the LPS concentration in digesta in the ileum and cecum and tended to increase that in the colon cubically. Concentrations of LPS in this part of the digestive tract were highest in the MG3 and MG21 groups. The highest concentrations of LPS in digesta in the cecum, colon, and rectum were 3.7, 3.8, and 5.6 times higher than that in CON, respectively. Grain feeding and the increase in LPS in digesta were not accompanied by an acute phase response or a detectable concentration of LPS in peripheral blood. The absence of LPS in peripheral blood and the lack of increase in acute phase proteins indicated that the grain feeding protocol used in the current study and the accompanying changes in LPS concentrations of the digesta did not result in systemic inflammation.     

红车轴草不同部位中异黄酮含量的测定

采用反相高效液相色谱法对红车轴草不同部位(花、茎和叶)中四种主要异黄酮(鸡豆黄素A、芒柄花黄素、染料木素和大豆黄素)的含量进行了测定,结果表明:以占干物质计,4种异黄酮总量,叶中含量最高(0.856%),茎次之(0.403%),花中含量较低(0.258%)。鸡豆黄素A和芒柄花黄素是红车轴草中两种最主要的异黄酮,主要分布在叶中,其次是茎,花中含量较低。染料木素和大豆黄素,无论是花、茎还是叶,含量均较低。     

小草坝新鲜天麻中多种金属元素评价分析

目的 分析评价云南小草坝新鲜天麻中9种金属元素含量水平。方法 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测云南小草坝新鲜天麻中铁Fe、铜Cu、钴Co、锰Mn、镍Ni、硒Se、砷As、铅Pb、汞Hg的含量, 并使用食品安全指数IFS法进行重金属污染评价。结果 云南小草坝新鲜天麻中各元素均检出, 参照《现行药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》及《中国药典》2015年版中重金属限量值判定, 54份天麻中Cu、Pb、As、Hg的含量均没有样品超过限量指标。按照GB 2762-2012食品标准进行判定, Pb有40.7%的超标率, As、Hg均未出现超标样品。小草坝产区新鲜天麻中As、Pb、Hg的IFS值均小于1。结论 云南小草坝新鲜天麻中微量元素丰富, 食品安全风险整体上在可接受范围, 但仍需关注可能存在的铅污染水平。