氮化时间对17-4PH不锈钢显微组织和 冲蚀性能的研究

本文对17-4PH不锈钢在430 °C进行了不同时间低温液体氮化来研究氮化时间对不锈钢渗层显微组织和冲蚀性能的研究。研究结果表明,氮化层的组织和氮化时间有密切关系。氮化4h后,渗层的组织为扩展奥氏体和扩展马氏体,氮化8-16小时后,渗层析出Fe4N,氮化40h后,渗层内大量析出Fe2N,并由于N的渗入导致大量裂纹的产生。液体氮化后不锈钢的硬度由未氮化的309HV0.1提高到1100HV0.1。液体氮化显著提高不锈钢的抗冲蚀能力,氮化4小时的冲蚀失重是未氮化的10%。     

时效对双相不锈钢的相组成与性能的影响

选用2种双相不锈钢在1200℃镯撸后，子760℃分别时效不同时间，研究其相结构、硬度与在几种典型腐蚀介质中的电化学腐蚀行为．研究表明。时效时从α相中析出σ相，同时部分α相转变为γ相，钢的硬度提高；固溶＋时效态比固溶态在耐蚀性上有所降低，但降低程度与腐蚀介质有关；在1mol／L氯化钠溶液中，时效显著降低耐蚀性；但在0．2mol／L硫酸及1mol／L磷酸溶液中，时效对极化曲线钝化区的影响甚微．分析认为，在一定腐蚀条件下，可以通过时效提高材料硬度，来提高零件腐蚀磨损综合抗力     

时效对双相不锈钢的相组成与性能的影响

选用2种双相不锈钢在1200℃固溶后,于760℃分别时效不同时间,研究其相结构、硬度与在几种典型腐蚀介质中的 电化学腐蚀行为。研究表明:时效时从α相中析出σ相,同时部分α相转变为γ相,钢的硬度提高;固溶+时效态比固溶态在 耐蚀性上有所降低,但降低程度与腐蚀介质有关;在1 mol/L氯化钠溶液中,时效显著降低耐蚀性;但在0．2 mol/L硫酸及 1 mol/L磷酸溶液中,时效对极化曲线钝化区的影响甚微。分析认为,在一定腐蚀条件下,可以通过时效提高材料硬度,来提 高零件腐蚀磨损综合抗力。     

CoAlW合金时效过程中γ'相析出的相场模拟

运用相场方法模拟了CoAlW合金时效过程中,L12有序结构的γ'相从共格无序面心立方母相γ中析出的过程.基于静态浓度波的形式描述结构的有序度,构造了关于浓度和有序度的自由能曲面.将晶格的错配应变和L12结构的4种反相纳入模型中,并考虑两相弹性模量差别对组织演化的影响.通过二维计算机模拟,得到与实验相符的组织形态,证实了...     

17—4pH化学成分的优化

17－4pH化学成分在国家标准范围内的调整对其组织及性能有重要影响，我们通过优化其化学成分，使基体在经过热加工及热处理后的δ－铁素体组织降低，残余奥氏体含量尽量减少，提高其加工成材率并达到所要求的组织及性能。     

Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn-xRE合金的时效析出过程及其动力学

采用金相显微分析和DSC分析了Mg-8Zn-4A1-0．3Mn-x RE含金时效析出过程及其动力学，结果表明，未添加RE元素的Mg-8Zn-4A1-0．3Mn合金的时效析出过程为：过饱和固溶体→细小弥散析出相→再结晶软化和析出相的聚集长大；添加RE元素的Mg-8Zn-4A1-0．3Mn合金的时效析出过程为：过饱和固溶体→细小弥散析出相→析出相的聚集长大．人工时效后，与未加RE的合金相比，合金2，3，4显微硬度峰值提高分别达5．6％，9％，13．4％；随着RE元素含量的增加，合金的析出相形成激活能呈逐渐增大的变化规律．     

CoAlW合金时效过程中γ'相析出的相场模拟

运用相场方法模拟了CoAlW合金时效过程中,L12有序结构的γ′相从共格无序面心立方母相γ中析出的过程。基于静态浓度波的形式描述结构的有序度,构造了关于浓度和有序度的自由能曲面。将晶格的错配应变和L12结构的4种反相纳入模型中,并考虑两相弹性模量差别对组织演化的影响。通过二维计算机模拟,得到与实验相符的组织形态,证实了CoAlW合金中γ/γ′沉淀强化机制。     

Mg-Gd-Y(Zr)合金时效析出相分析

为了确定Mg-Gd-Y(Zr)合金时效析出相的形态和物相组成,分别在150、200、250和300 ℃对挤压态Mg-13Gd-4Y-0.4Zr合金进行不同时间的时效处理.采用x-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等技术检测并分析了不同温度时效后的析出相形态和物相组成,用扩散理论分析了时效温度对析出相的影响.结果表明,合金经不同温度时效后析出相是白色块状的Mg₂(Gd,Y)、Mg₃(Gd,Y)和片状的Mg₅(Gd,Y).分析认为,时效温度决定了Mg-Gd-Y(Zr)合金时效析出相的形态.     

Relationship of microstructure transformation and hardening behavior of type 17-4 PH stainless steel

The relationship between the microstructure transformation of type 17-4 PH stainless steel and the aging hardening behavior was investigated. The results showed that, when 17-4 PH stainless steel aging at 595℃, the bulk hardness of samples attains its peak value （42.5 HRC） for about 20 min, and then decreases at all time. TEM revealed the microstructure corresponding with peak hardness is that the fine spheroid-shape copper with the fcc crystal structure and the fiber-shape secondary carbide M23C6 precipitated from the lath martensite matrix. Both precipitations of copper and M23C6 are the reasons for strengthening of the alloy at this temperature. With the extension of holding time at this temperature, the copper and secondary carbide grow and lose the coherent relationship with the matrix, so the bulk hardness of samples decreases.     

Characterization of 17-4PH stainless steel powders produced by supersonic gas atomization

17-4PH stainless steel powders were prepared using a supersonic nozzle in a close-coupled gas atomization system. The characteristics of powder particles were carried out by means of a laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The results show that the mass median particle diameter is about 19.15 μm. Three main types of surface microstructures are observed in the powders: well-developed dendrite, cellular, and cellular dendrite structure. The XRD measurements show that, as the particle size decreases, the amount of fcc phase gradually decreases and that of bcc phase increases. The cooling rate is inversely related to the particle size, i.e., it decreases with an increase in particle size.     

Thermal deformation behavior and microstructure of nuclear austenitic stainless steel

Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation tester was employed in the hot-compression investigation of as-cast nuclear 304 austenitic stainless steel under conditions: deformation temperature 950―1200℃; deformations 30% and 50%; deformation rates 0.01 and 0.1 s?1. The results show that the flow stress decreases with temperature rise under the same strain rate and deformation, that the flow stress increases with deformation under the same temperature and strain rate, and that the flow stress increases with strain rate...     

镍对07Cr17Ni12Mo2N奥氏体不锈钢组织和高温拉伸性能的影响

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机对07Cr17Ni12Mo2N奥氏体不锈钢试样分别在950,1000,1 050,1 100℃以0.05 s-1的应变速率进行了高温拉伸试验,通过分析试验钢组织、断面收缩率曲线、抗拉强度曲线、断口形貌,研究镍对试验钢高温拉伸性能的影响.结果表明：降镍后试验钢仍为单一的奥氏体组织;热塑性有所降低,断面收缩率平均下降了18.87％;抗拉强度平均提高了12.39％.     

Influence of chemical composition and cold deformation on aging precipitation behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels

The influence of chemical composition and cold deformation on aging precipitation behavior of 18Cr-16Mn-2Mo-I.IN （HNS-A）, 18Cr-16Mn-I.3N （HNS-B）, 18Cr-18Mn-2Mo-0.96N （HNS-C） and 18Cr-18Mn-2Mo-0.77N （I-INS-D） high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels was investigated. The results show that the ＂nose＂ temperatures and incubation periods of the initial time-temperature-precipitation （TTP） curves of aged HNSs are found to be 850 ℃, 60 s; 850 ℃, 45 s; 850 ℃, 60 s and 900 ℃, 90 s, respectively. Based on the analysis of SAD patterns, the coarse cellular Cr2N precipitate which presents a lamellar structure has a hexagonal structure of a=0.478 nm and c=0.444 nm. The Z phase corresponding to a composition of Fe36Cr~2Mo10, is determined to be a body-centered cubic structure ofa=0.892 nm. The precipitating sensitivity presents no more difference with the nitrogen content increasing from 0.77% to 0.96%, but exhibits so obviously that the cellular precipitates nearly overspread the whole field. The addition of Mo element can restrain the TTP curves moving left and down, which means decreasing the sensitivity of aging precipitation. With increasing the cold deformation, the sensitivity of precipitation increases obviously.     

2520不锈钢的高温氧化行为研究

采用静态增重法测定2520不锈钢在高温条件下的氧化动力学,运用X射线衍射测定氧化物类型,运用扫描电镜（SEM）观察不同氧化时间形成的氧化膜的形貌,通过能谱分析（EDS）氧化膜的成分,研究2520不锈钢的高温氧化行为.实验结果表明,氧化物类型主要为Fe2O3,且氧化物类型随温度的升高而变化.在氧化初期,氧化物中富Fe,氧...     

节镍奥氏体不锈钢Cr18Mn6Ni4N的组织及性能

为节约镍资源,研究了不同成分17.8~19.1%Cr,3.93~6.05%Mn,3.58~4.62%Ni,0.32~0.42%N节镍型奥氏体不锈钢固溶后的力学性能和耐蚀性能,以期获得可替代304不锈钢的新钢种。结果表明:Cr18.4Mn5.98Ni4.62N0.42不锈钢的力学性能和耐蚀性能与304不锈钢相当。分析了该成分不锈钢时效处理后的组织演变规律、冷变形过程中奥氏体稳定性及形变诱发马氏体相变过程。结果表明:800℃是Cr2N相析出的鼻尖温度,随着时效时间的增加,析出相首先以颗粒状形貌沿晶界析出,而后以胞状析出方式向晶内生长。冷轧压下率18.5%时尚未发现形变诱发马氏体组织,随着变形量增大,片层状ε'马氏体含量先增加后减少至消失,而板条状α'马氏体含量逐渐增多,相对磁导率增加,但其奥氏体稳定性远高于304不锈钢。可见,Cr18.4Mn5.98Ni4.62N0.42不锈钢可替代304不锈钢。     

Structure change of 430 stainless steel in the heating process

The microstructure analysis was employed for the ferrific stainless steel （SUS430） with the carbon content from 0.029wt% to 0.100wt% under the simulated heating process condition. The higher carbon sample （430H） contains the duplex phase microstructure at the temperature of 1150℃; on the other hand, the lower carbon content sample （430L） does not touch two phase area even at the temperature of 1450℃ and has the single phase ferritic microstructure. The carbon content need be well controlled for the 430 ferritic stainless steel since it can significantly affect the heating process curve, and the heating process may not be done in the two phase area due to the uncontrolled carbon content. With the low carbon content and the proper soaking time, the grain size is not sensitive to the heating process temperature and the soaking time. In the present heat treatment experiments, the soaking time is about 10 min, and the processing parameters can be chosen according to the requirement of the gross energy, the efficiency and the continual forming. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

Biocompatibility of MIM 316L stainless steel

To evaluate the biocompatibility of MIM 316L stainless steel, the percentage of S-period cells were detected by flow cytometry after L929 incubated with extraction of MIM 316L stainless steel, using titanium implant materials of clinical application as the contrast. Both materials were implanted in animal and the histopathological evaluations were carried out. The statistical analyses show that there are no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05), which demonstrates that MIM 316L stainless steel has a good biocompatibility. Foundation item: Project (2003AA302210) supported by the National Hi-tech Research Program of China