光纤通信系统中色散补偿的研究

本文从光纤色散和啁啾光栅所提供的延时两方面对光通信系统中的色散补偿进行了分析，表明每隔放大器的中继距离插入一啁啾光栅进行色散补偿可实现信号无失真传输，在此基础上提出了在中继器中同时实现全光信号放大和色散补偿的光纤通信系统方案。     

脉冲初始啁啾对色散管理孤子传输性能的影响

本文数值分析了脉冲始啁啾对色散控制孤子传输性的影响,得出的结论为：适当地选择正的初始啁啾可以提高后补偿系统中孤子的传输特性;负啁啾可以提高前补偿系统中孤子的传输性能。初始啁啾参量的大小与色散补偿的结构以及平均输入功率有关,并提出对采用啁啾技术的色散管理孤子系统设计的新方法。     

PMD补偿系统中啁啾光纤光栅的啁啾系数和有效折射率的选择

啁啾光纤光栅是用于偏振模色散补偿的重要光无源器件。本文对基于两个啁啾光纤光栅的偏振模色散补偿系统进行了分析。重点分析了啁啾光纤光栅的一阶啁啾系数c1和两个光栅之间的有效折射率差△n变化对系统补偿特性的影响，并进行了数值仿真。     

光脉冲的初始啁啾对单模光纤的色散效应的影响

在光纤通信中已经有利用光脉冲的初始啁啾来进行色散补偿的运用。文中从理论上分析了光脉冲的初始啁啾与单模光纤的色散效应的关系，并用数值仿真的方法验证了分析结果：线性初始啁啾可以在一定程度上补偿一阶色数，但却加大了高阶色散对传输光脉冲的负面影响。     

预啁啾技术中瞬态啁啾特性的分析

预啁啾技术作为光纤色散的一种补偿技术已经提出了本文针对此技术中瞬太啁啾的作用进行了详尽的分析，得出它将会导致传输能量损失的结论，最后本文提出了通过采用最佳延时消除该影响的方法，并计算了不同参数下的最佳延迟时间。     

10Gbit／s信号在光纤传输系统中的啁啾光纤光栅色散补偿

本文以１０Ｇｂｉｔ／ｓ在Ｇ．６５２光纤传输１１７０ｋｍ的光纤通信系统进行了研究，分别用色散补偿光纤和啁啾光纤光栅进行了色散补偿的计算机模拟实验，根据实验结果设计发符合系统要求的啁啾光纤光栅。     

一种闭环控制的光纤光栅动态色散补偿仪

利用啁啾光纤光栅的应变调谐特性，将色散补偿的啁啾光纤光栅斜贴于悬臂梁的侧面，通过应力实现啁啾量调整而改变其色散补偿量的大小，同时利用固定在同一悬臂梁的均匀布拉格光栅传感器，实现了闭环自动控制色散补偿量，研制出了一种新型的光纤光栅动态色散补偿仪。该色散补偿仪工作在1550nm波段，典型性能数据为：色散动态补偿范围-1000-1680ps／nm，插入损耗小于1．5dB，动态调谐步进响应时间小于50ms，基本上能满足10Gb／s光纤通信系统中色散动态补偿的要求。     

偏振模色散和时延抖动对啁啾光纤光栅色散补偿特性的影响

对存在偏振模色散(PMD)和群时延(GD)抖动的非理想线性啁啾光纤光栅的色散补偿特性进行了研究。实验测量了啁啾光纤光栅的群时延谱和偏振模色散光谱，理论分析和实验测量表明，啁啾光纤光栅差分群时延(DGD)抖动与其时延抖动密切相关。通过数值模拟方法，计算了线性啁啾光纤光栅偏振模色散眼图代价与入射到啁啾光纤光栅色散补偿器的光信号的偏振方向的关系，计算结果表明在使用啁啾光纤光栅色散补偿器时应对光信号的偏振方向进行调整，以获得最佳补偿效果。另外结合实验数据，模拟计算并讨论了非理想线性啁啾光纤光栅群时延抖动和偏振模色散引起的信号的展宽和脉冲形状的劣化。     

外调制器啁啾对10 Gbit/s色散补偿系统的影响

讨论了10 Gbit/s光通信系统中光发射模埠的外调制器产生啁啾的原因和特性。通过数值计算，分析了外调制器啁啾对色散补偿系统的影响，结果表明积极利用小量的负啁啾可以降低接收器输出端电眼图代价（EOP）0.5dB，从而改善系统性能。     

啁啾光纤光栅中偏振模色散的研究

首先介绍了不同种双折射率差Δn的光纤制成的啁啾光纤光栅中偏振模色散现象 ,然后说明了光栅中偏振模色散的大小与 Δ n的相关性 ,并阐述了对用于色散补偿作用的啁啾光纤光栅中偏振模色散的消除 (补偿 )方法 ,最后指出利用啁啾光纤光栅中大的偏振模色散对高速光通信系统传输线路中偏振模色散的补偿方法。     

40 Gb/s CSRZ码系统下的自适应PMD补偿实验

在采用了新型光纤的40Gb／s系统中，通常只有很小的一阶偏振模色散（PMD）。本文在40Gb/s的国家自然科学基金网（NSFCNET）上，搭建了由电控偏振控制器（PC）、保偏光纤（PMF）、信号光偏振度（DOP）检测单元以及反馈控制单元组成的PMD补偿模块，具有结构简单、反应灵敏的特点，可以对小于20ps的一阶PMD进行自适应的补偿，平均搜索时间为2ms。     

Large PMD Compensated by Four Free Degrees in OTDM System

By introducing a two-stage polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator after a optical fiber link with a large PMD,over 270 ps first-order and 2 000 ps2 high-order PMD was compensated. The results show that the two-stage compensator can be used to PMD compensation in the 20 Gb/s optical time division multiplexing system with 60 km high PMD fiber. After compensating, the 270 ps DGD is changed into max. 7 ps. Moreover,the tunable FBG has a function of dispersion compensation.     

Dynamic PMD compensator for 40 Gb/s PM-DQPSK system

The adaptive polarization mode dispersion(PMD) compensation in high-speed transmission system has become more and more necessary for the link PMD causing strong signal distortions.A dynamic adaptive PMD compensator in 40 Gb/s polar-multiplex differential quadrature phase shift keying(PM-DQPSK) system is reported.Experimental results show that the PMD compensator can track the average polarization state variation at 65 rad/s without any lost of the optimum tracking.The 1st-order PMD compensation is demonstrated experimentally,and the compensator can increase the maximal tolerable PMD value by 26 ps from 17 ps to 43 ps in an optical transmission system.     

Adaptive PMD compensation experiment in 40 Gb/s CSRZ system

In 40 Gb/s systems with low polarization-mode dispersion(PMD) fibers,first-order PMD is the dominate factor with quite small value. An adaptive PMD compensator consisting of an electrical polarization controller(PC) ,a section of polariza-tion maintaining fiber(PMF) ,a degree of polarization(DOP) detector and a feedback control module is employed in 40 Gb/s NSFCNet. This compensator has a simple structure and high speed,which can compensate up to 20 ps first-order PMD adaptively and the average searching time is 2 ms.     

On the second-order approximation of PMD

A second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) approximation based upon the pulse-width distortion has been studied. It shows that a complete second-order approximation should include the second derivative of the PR-ID vector as well as the first derivative of the PMD vector. Second-order pulse distortions are explicitly expressed including a `first-order' term involving principal states of polarization (PSP) of the pulse and a second-order term involving the beating between fiber chromatic dispersion and effective PMD chromatic dispersion. An analytical result is derived for the probability of second-order PR-ID power penalty. It shows that the mean PMD of the fiber should be restricted to 26 ps and 18 ps, respectively for an optical link with zero and 850 ps/nm chromatic dispersion, in order to maintain a one dB second-order PMD power penalty with a probability below 10^-6 at a data rate of 10 Gb/s. The analysis also indicates that a second-order PMD compensator can be used as a dynamic chromatic dispersion compensator     

160 Gb/s-Based Field Transmission Experiments Using Polarizer-Based PMD Compensator With Optical Power Monitor

Higher bit-rate transmission is attractive for improving network resource efficiency and reducing the complexity of network management in future transmission systems. However, chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) are one of the most serious impairments. In particular, PMD should be compensated for dynamically because it changes rapidly according to environmental variations such as temperature change and mechanical vibration. Therefore, an adaptive PMD compensator is indispensable for higher bit-rate transmission systems. In this paper, we employed a simple and bit-rate independent PMD compensator based on a polarizer with an optical power monitoring scheme in 160 Gb/s-based field experiments. By using the PMD compensator, the single channel transmission of a 160 Gb/s return-to-zero differential phase-shift-keying modulation signal over an installed fiber link with buried and aerial cable routes was successfully achieved. Approximately 1 dB of Q-factor was improved by using the PMD compensator when PMD impairment was maximized. Through these experiments, the effectiveness of the PMD compensator in the higher bit-rate transmission systems was confirmed in the field environment. Furthermore, single-polarization 8times160 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing transmission over the installed 200 km standard single mode fiber without polarization demultiplexing was successfully achieved by using the simple PMD compensator.     

Practical considerations for optical polarization-mode dispersion compensators

For transmission systems at 10 Gb/s and beyond, polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) is one of the limiting factors. Optical PMD compensators aim at increasing the PMD value tolerated by the system; however, they do not cancel out its effects. Therefore, the performance of a PMD compensator is assessed statistically. Requirements for optical PMD compensators include a response time in the range of 1 ms in order to follow polarization fluctuations over the line. The system design should account for the interaction of other transmission impairments with the PMD compensator operation. For instance, transmitter chirp and residual chromatic dispersion have a deleterious impact on the compensator performance. While self-phase modulation is harmless, cross-phase modulation greatly reduces the compensator efficiency. System design rules have been applied to a one-year field trial, showing the compensator's efficiency and reliability. However, reducing their cost is the next challenge that will bring optical PMD compensators to be used in installed systems.     

Deterministic approach to first- and second-order PMD compensation

The authors show that three concatenated first-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) segments are sufficient to compensate any first- and second-order PMD present in a transmission fiber. They determine analytically the required individual rotation matrix of the polarization rotators and the required differential group delay for the variable delay line in the compensator.     

A DOP feedback controlling multi-stage electrical PMD compensator in digital coherent receiver

We proposed a degree of polarization (DOP) controlling multi-stage electrical polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator in digital coherent receiver. The compensator is modulation format independent and can mitigate both first order and higher order PMD. We evaluated this PMD compensator in both 100-Gb/s 16-QAM and QPSK signal transmission systems with 15 ps and 20 ps average differential group delay (DGD) respectively. The results show that, for both two cases, less than 0.2 dB optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) penalty at 1e^?3 symbol error rate (SER) can be achieved after 4-stage PMD compensation.     

Automatic compensation of polarization-mode dispersion for 40 Gb/s transmission systems

We present an automatic compensator that effectively mitigates signal distortion due to polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). Accurate compensation is achieved by utilizing a degree of polarization (DOP) monitor with a measurement uncertainty of better than 1% achieved by applying a self-dependent precalibration procedure. The compensation performance at 43 Gb/s was evaluated systematically with respect to both first- and second-order PMD by using a crystal-optical PMD emulator. The compensator extended the tolerable differential group-delay (DGD) limit from 8 to 28 ps, while maintaining the Q penalty below 1 dB. In terms of the average of a Maxwellian-distributed DGD, the PMD compensator enabled transmission for up to 8 ps, or about three times higher than the level tolerated in the uncompensated case. In addition to the compensation performance, we demonstrate successful operation, even for distorted signals with high chromatic dispersion. We believe this capability will be a key enabler for a combined operation with adaptive chromatic dispersion compensators.