壳聚糖衍生物抗菌塑料制备与性能评价

采用水相悬浮聚合法合成壳聚糖接枝苯乙烯（CTS-g-St）抗菌剂，机械共混法制备了以LDPE为基体的抗菌塑料，采用红外光谱分析抗菌剂，扫描电镜观察材料断面，定量抗菌实验对抗菌塑料抗菌活性进行了测定，并测试了材料的力学性能。结果表明：苯乙烯单体成功接枝到壳聚糖分子上；改性壳聚糖与树脂间具有很好的相容性；抗菌剂添加量为2份时，抗菌塑料对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌在24h、48h抗菌率均超过90％；抗菌剂的加入对材料力学性能无不良影响。     

烷基化聚乙烯亚胺接枝SiO_x抗菌剂用于聚乙烯的性能

以纳米SiOx粉体为载体,通过共价接枝修饰,制备出烷基化聚乙烯亚胺接枝SiOx纳米抗菌剂,将其添加到高聚物中制备出抗菌聚乙烯(PE)塑料。实验结果表明:纳米SiOx粉体已经成功接枝上了有机高分子基团,添加3%这种抗菌剂制备的抗菌PE塑料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率都大于96%,达到了强抗菌效果,并且制备的抗菌PE塑料具有良好的抗菌长效性。     

不同种类壳聚糖／LDPE抗菌塑料性能初探

以市售壳聚糖、自制水溶性壳聚糖和微米化壳聚糖为抗菌剂,LDPE为基体,通过机械混炼法制备了系列抗菌塑料,考察了各种壳聚糖用量对抗菌塑料断裂伸长率的影响以及其对E.coli、B.subtilis和P.species的抑菌效果.结果表明,各种壳聚糖的加入均使LDPE的断裂伸长率降低,当壳聚糖:LDPE>0.5:100(质量比)后,下降缓慢;各抗菌塑料对三种供试细菌的抑菌效果不同,以水溶性壳聚糖为抗菌剂所得产物对B.subtilis的抑制效果最好,而抗菌剂用量对抗菌率的影响不大.6周土壤掩埋实验表明,添加壳聚糖会使LDPE抵抗自然环境中微生物侵蚀的能力降低.     

抗菌聚丙烯的制备及其抗菌性能

采用熔融接枝法将反应性有机抗菌剂接枝到聚丙烯上得到抗菌聚丙烯.通过控制有机抗菌剂的添加量,成功制备了一系列抗菌聚丙烯,研究了其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能以及持久抗菌效果,并与采用共混法制备的抗菌聚丙烯进行比较.结果表明:采用熔融接枝法制备的抗菌聚丙烯的抑菌效率大于99％,所需最低抗菌剂含量为1％(w);通过反...     

聚丙烯／斜发沸石基抗菌剂抗菌塑料的制备及其性能研究

制备了Cu2 、Zn2 、Cu2 -Zn2 复合型斜发沸石基抗菌剂,结合正交试验得出了制备Cu2 型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件。将各型抗菌剂与聚丙烯(PP)、接枝PP混熔后制得高浓度抗菌母粒,再按一定比例加入到PP中制备PP抗菌塑料,并对PP抗菌塑料的力学性能和抗菌性能进行了研究。结果表明:制备各型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件为交换温度60℃、交换时间8 h、交换液浓度为0．08 mol／L;加入3％的抗菌母粒(或1．5％的抗菌剂)对PP 力学性能的影响较小,PP抗菌塑料具有良好的抗细菌性能,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率都超过95％。此外,Cu2 -Zn2 复合型斜发沸石基抗菌塑料中存在Cu2 和Zn2 协同抗菌效应。     

聚丙烯／余斗发沸石基抗菌剂抗菌塑料的制备及其性能研究

制备了Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋-Zn^2＋复合型斜发沸石基抗菌剂，结合正交试验得出了制备Cu^2＋型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件。将各型抗菌剂与聚丙烯（PP）、接枝PP混熔后制得高浓度抗菌母粒，再按一定比例加入到PP中制备PP抗菌塑料，并对PP抗菌塑料的力学性能和抗菌性能进行了研究。结果表明：制备各型斜发沸石基抗菌剂的适宜条件为交换温度60℃、交换时间8h、交换液浓度为0．08mol／L；加入3％的抗菌母粒（或1．5％的抗菌剂）对PP力学性能的影响较小，PP抗菌塑料具有良好的抗细菌性能，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率都超过95％。此外，Cu^2＋-Zn^2＋复合型斜发沸石基抗菌塑料中存在Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋协同抗菌效应。     

Ag/ZnO纳米复合抗菌剂应用于抗菌塑料的性能研究

以纳米氧化锌为载体,采用金属离子掺杂的方法制备了Ag/Zn O纳米复合抗菌剂,将其添加到高聚物中制备出抗菌塑料。实验结果表明:制备的Ag/Zn O复合粉体是一种纳米复合抗菌剂,粒径在18 nm左右,添加3‰这种抗菌剂制备的抗菌PE、抗菌PP塑料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率都大于了98%,达到了强抗菌效果,并且制备的抗菌塑料具有优异的抗菌长效性。     

聚丙烯抗菌塑料的制备及性能研究

将表面处理过的载银无机抗菌剂与聚丙烯(PP)经双螺杆挤出得到高浓度的抗菌母料,然后按一定比例添加到PP中制备了PP抗菌塑料。研究了抗菌母料的毒性、添加量对PP抗菌塑料抗菌性能的影响,抗菌剂在PP抗菌塑料中的分散性,以及PP抗菌塑料的抗菌性能、力学性能和光老化性能。结果表明,抗菌剂在含4%(质量含量,下同)抗菌母料(或1%的抗菌剂)的PP抗菌塑料中分散均匀,基体力学性能不受影响;其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等的抗菌率都达到99%以上,具有高效、广谱和长效抗菌性能以及良好的光老化性能。     

表面接枝高分子季铵盐的纳米SiO2应用于抗菌塑料的制备

对表面接枝高分子季铵盐的纳米SiO2粉体进行检测，结果表明其热稳定性良好，对细菌的抗菌效果显著，抗菌性能与市售载银无机抗菌剂相当。将其添加到不同树脂中制备抗菌塑料，抗菌检测结果表明，用PE和PVC作为基材树脂制备的抗菌塑料的抗菌效果十分显著，其用于制备抗菌PE的最佳添加质量分数为2％。对制备的抗菌PE分别进行了自然条件放置和人工加速老化处理，抗菌检测结果表明，该塑料具备了良好的抗菌长效性和稳定性。     

塑料抗菌剂KHFS—Z及其母料在塑料中的应用

介绍了抗菌塑料和塑料抗菌剂的制备方法,探讨了该类材料的抗菌性、长效性、卫生性、物理机械性能及抗菌塑料在家电产品、包装膜、涂料中应用的方法和途径。     

Surface modification of polypropylene film by grafting with vinyl monomers for the attachment of chitosan

Polypropylene (PP) film activated by corona discharge treatment was grafted with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA). The grafted PP was characterized by spectral, thermal analysis and swelling behavior which confirmed the occurrence of the grafting. The water vapor and oxygen permeability (OTR and WVTR) as well as the mechanical properties have been enhanced by grafting with both AA and MMA. The grafted PP was further immobilized with chitosan (CS) using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an initiator under ultraviolet radiation. The chitosan immobilized grafted film was characterized by FTIR, mechanical properties, thermal properties and swelling measurements. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed that the CS is bonded to the grafted PP film. The CS modified PP film has acquired enhanced antibacterial and antifungal properties.     

Studies of Mercaptosuccinic Acid-Crosslinked Chitosan Hydrogel with Grafted Cinnamaldehyde and Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Biomedical Application

For the effective clinical antibacterial application of biomaterials, such as for wound management and tissue repair, the biomaterials need to show proper antibacterial capability as well as non-cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the material needs to have suitable mechanical characteristics for further medical use. Chitosan hydrogel is a potential candidate for various antibacterial biomedical applications due to its amine functionalities that lead to antimicrobial characteristics. Nevertheless, its antimicrobial capability is dependent upon the degree of protonation of amine groups caused by the pH value. Moreover, its mechanical compressive strength may not be high enough for clinical use if not chemically or physically crosslinked. This study utilized a novel chemical crosslinker, mercaptosuccinic acid, to improve its mechanical characteristics. The natural antibacterial agent, cinnamaldehyde, was grafted onto the crosslinked chitosan to improve its antimicrobial capability. Meanwhile, to take advantage of the thiol functionality in the mercaptosuccinic acid, the bactericidal silver nanoparticles were incorporated through silver-thiol covalent bounding. NMR analyses indicated the chitosan was successfully mercaptosuccinic acid-crosslinked and grafted with cinnamaldehyde at different ratios. Combined the results from the mechanical assessment, swelling experiments, antimicrobial assessment, and cytotoxicity assay, the chitosan hydrogel with the highest crosslinked degree and grafted with cinnamaldehyde and silver nanoparticles is of great promise for further clinical uses.     

Preparation and antibacterial properties of polycaprolactone/quaternized chitosan blends

This article is a preliminary study on antibacterial blends of polycaprolactone, chitosan and quaternized chitosan by melt processing. Blends were characterized, mechanical test and antibacterial evaluation against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were conducted. Results showed that the antibacterial potential of chitosan was limited in blends and polycaprolactone/chitosan did not show significant antibacterial effect compared with neat polycaprolactone (PCL). Inhibition rates of polycaprolactone/quaternized chitosan were 39.2％–99.9％ against Escherichia coli, while inhibition rate was 40.9％–99.9％against Staphylococcus aureus. When quaternized chitosan (QCTS) content was up to 20％, blends exhib-ited 99.9％inhibition rates against both two types of bacteria.     

塑料用抗菌剂的研究进展

概述了塑料用抗菌剂的抗菌机理及分类,综述了塑料用抗菌剂的研究进展,并指出了塑料用抗菌剂的最新发展趋势。     

纳米载银磷酸锆的有机改性及其对3D打印的义齿基托复合材料性能的影响

以γ甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂(MPS)对纳米载银磷酸锆(6S-NP3)进行表面改性,再通过溶液聚合在其表面接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),得到有机改性纳米载银磷酸锆(P-6S-NP3)。将P-6S-NP3与义齿基托树脂混合,通过3D打印制备了义齿基托复合材料。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对改性前后6S-NP3的结构和形貌进行了表征,考察了6S-NP3和P-6S-NP3在义齿基托复合材料中的分散情况,测试了改性前后6S-NP3的水接触角、粒径分布,以及义齿基托复合材料的机械性能和抑菌性能。结果表明,MPS和MMA已成功接枝到6S-NP3表面,改性后的6S-NP3平均粒径降低,疏水性增强,在义齿基托复合材料中的分散性更好。采用P-6S-NP3制备的义齿基托复合材料的机械性能与对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果明显提高。     

稀土β-成核剂改性无规共聚聚丙烯抗菌塑料的性能表征

讨论了无机金属离子/纳米二氧化钛抗菌剂和有机季铵盐抗菌剂对加入WBGⅡ的无规共聚聚丙烯(PPR)复合材料抗菌性能、力学性能和结晶性能的影响。结果表明:抗菌剂的加入明显地提高了PPR的抗菌能力,且无机抗菌剂的作用效果要优于所选取的有机季铵盐抗菌剂,但其对于基体力学性能的影响也较大。无机抗菌剂用量在6～10份时,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率分别达到93.8%～99.2%、91.7%～98.2%;有机季铵盐抗菌剂用量在2.5份时,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率分别达到91.0%、91.4%。     

Antibacterial activity of chitosan grafting nisin: Preparation and characterization

Nisin grafted chitosan was prepared by using microbial transglutaminase as biocatalyst. The transglutaminase-catalyzed reaction displayed high efficiency, high selectivity, mild reaction condition and environmental friendliness. The results revealed that the degree of substitution (DS) of nisin–chitosan could be controlled by adjusting the reaction time, the reaction temperature and the molar ratio of nisin to chitosan. And nisin–chitosan in different pH showed excellent solubility. In addition, in vitro antibacterial activity assessment, nisin–chitosan with the concentration of 0.008 mg/mL showed pronounced inhibitory effect against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Furthermore, L929 mouse fibroblasts were cultured with nisin–chitosan, and the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay showed that nisin–chitosan with the concentration from 0.005 to 0.01 mg/mL displayed low toxicity. The results may contribute to finding the application of nisin–chitosan in pharmaceutical and food industry fields.     

AC／MMA接枝天然橡胶包覆滑石粉填充PP的研究

用丙烯基氯／甲基丙烯酸甲酯（AC／MMA）二元接枝天然橡胶包覆处理滑石粉。研究了处理方法,接枝天然橡胶用量以及滑石粉填充量对低韧性PP拉伸强度和制品冲击强度的影响,并与硅烷偶联剂HK－550处理滑石粉进行了比较,结果表明,AC／MMA二元接枝天然橡胶湿法包覆滑石粉效果最好,包覆滑石粉填充PP在拉伸强度保持较高的情况下,冲击强度得到有效的提高,包覆滑石粉有效地降低了由于滑石粉填充量的增加而导致的复3合材料力学性能降低的幅度,SEM的分析表明,AC／MMA二元接枝天然橡胶包覆滑石粉增加了PP基体层的应力屈服,实现了复合材料的脆韧转变。