椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的合成与表征

以椰油酸甲酯、N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺、氯乙酸和NaOH为原料,KOH为催化剂合成椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱。考察了N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺与椰油酸甲酯的投料比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对主反应椰油酰胺丙基二甲胺合成的影响。结果表明,较佳工艺条件为:n(N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺)∶n(椰油酸甲酯)=1.15∶1,w(催化剂)=3.0%,反应温度为210℃,反应时间为25 min,此条件下椰油酸甲酯的转化率达到99.70%。采用红外光谱、质谱和高效液相色谱对目标产物结构进行了确认。     

用椰子油直接制备椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱

介绍了用椰子油制备椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的方法 ,并用高氯酸电位滴定法对其活性物含量进行了测定 ;考查了反应物物质的量比及反应时间对活性物含量的影响。结果表明 :在椰子油与N ,N 二甲氨基丙胺的物质的量比是 1∶1 0 4、氯乙酸加入量为 1 0 3mol、缩合反应时间和季铵化反应时间分别为 8h和 6h的情况下 ,产品中活性物含量达 32 % ,可获得最佳反应结果。     

多功能两性表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱

概述了国内外多功能两性表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的制备与性能。详细分析了椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的结构特性,系统地介绍了其反应原理和制备工艺。提出了提高产品质量和收率的可行性方案,对其水溶、去污、发泡、增稠、调理以及温和等突出性能作了介绍,并举例进行应用方面的讨论。     

椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱改性粘土/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱（CAB）对粘土进行改性,制备改性粘土/丁腈橡胶（NBR）纳米复合材料,并对其结构与性能进行研究。结果表明：改性后的粘土层间距增大,NBR与改性粘土形成了有序插层型纳米复合材料,不同种类的有机粘土在橡胶基体中均达到纳米分散;随着CAB用量的增大,改性粘土在橡胶基体中的分散变好,填料网络结构增强,复合材料的硬度、拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、撕裂强度增大,定伸应力变化不大;与有机粘土I.30P和I.44P相比,当粘土阳离子交换容量与CAB的摩尔比为1∶5时,改性粘土对NBR的补强效果最佳。     

椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠复配性能研究

考察椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(CAB-35)与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AEC-9)复配体系的稳定性、表面性能、泡沫性能和润湿性能。结果表明,复配体系稳定性良好,在28%质量浓度范围内为均匀透明的溶液;复配体系具有一定的协同作用,在m(CAB-35)∶m(AEC-9)=8∶2时,临界胶束浓度为最小值52.95 mg/L,最小表面张力26.4 mN/m,表面的饱和吸附量达到最大(7.19×10~(-6)mol/m~2),极性头基所占的截面积最小(0.23×10~(-18)m~2)。在此比例下,复配体系的表面活性最高,同时发泡能力、稳泡性和润湿性也达到最优值。     

椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠复配性能研究

考察椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(CAB-35)与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AEC-9)复配体系的稳定性、表面性能、泡沫性能和润湿性能。结果表明,复配体系稳定性良好,在28%质量浓度范围内为均匀透明的溶液;复配体系具有一定的协同作用,在m(CAB-35)∶m(AEC-9)=8∶2时,临界胶束浓度为最小值52.95 mg/L,最小表面张力26.4 mN/m,表面的饱和吸附量达到最大(7.19×10^(-6)mol/m(-6)mol/m²),极性头基所占的截面积最小(0.23×102),极性头基所占的截面积最小(0.23×10^(-18)m(-18)m²)。在此比例下,复配体系的表面活性最高,同时发泡能力、稳泡性和润湿性也达到最优值。     

椰油丙基酰胺甜菜碱/聚乙二醇水溶液的分相研究

Phase separation behavior of cocamidopropyl betaine/water/polyethylene glycol (PEG) system was studied. The effects of concentration and molecular weight of PEG on the phase separation behavior were investigated. Clouding occurred when the con-centration of PEG was large enough in the betaine aqueous solution, and the concentration of PEG at cloud point decreased with the increase of PEG molecular weight for a constant betaine concentration. The bottom phase was the PEG-rich phase, and the upper phase was the betaine-rich phase. The volumetric ratio of PEG-rich phase to betaine-rich phase, at the same difference between the PEG concentration and the one at the cloud point, Ccp (0.1 g•ml－1), decreased as the PEG molecular weight increased and approached 1 for higher PEG molecular weight (about 20000), which was similar to the typical aqueous two-phase system. This volumetric ratio depended on the initial PEG concentration, but independent of PEG molecular weight. The concentration ratio of betaine to PEG in both phases depended on the Ccp, independent of PEG molecular weight.     

月桂酰胺丙基甜菜碱的合成及其性能

以自制的N ,N 二甲基 N′ 月桂酰基 1 ,3 丙二胺和氯乙酸钠为原料合成月桂酰胺丙基甜菜碱 ,通过改变反应温度、反应时间和氯乙酸钠的酸度 ,探索反应的优化条件 ,并对合成产品的起泡性、稳泡性和增稠性进行研究。结果显示 ,当反应温度为 70℃、反应时间为 5h ,氯乙酸钠的酸度为pH =6 0时 ,产物的活性物质量分数最高 ,为 (30 0± 1 6) % ;产物的起泡、稳泡、增稠性能高 ,与香波中的其他组分的相容性好     

高效液相色谱法测定椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱中单氯乙酸钠

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱中单氯乙酸钠的残留量进行分析测定.首先用1-丁醇对样品进行预处理,然后用HPLC外标法测定.色谱条件:有机酸分析柱,流动相为0.005 mol/L稀硫酸,流速0.6 mL/min,紫外检测波长200 nm,柱温35℃.结果表明,在此条件下,线性回归方程为y=1 409x+733,线性范围2μg·g-1～200μg·g-1,r=0.999 9,相对标准偏差为1.68%,测试回收率为96.0%～106.0%.     

Effect of betaine supplementation on power performance and fatigue

Background  

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of 15 days of betaine supplementation on muscle endurance, power performance and rate of fatigue in active college-aged men.     

Degradation of Chlorinated Aliphatics by Bacterial Cultures Isolated from Sludge

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In vitro biodegradable and mechanical performance of biphasic calcium phosphate porous scaffolds with unidirectional macro-pore structure

In this study, porous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds were fabricated by a freeze–gel casting technique using a tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA) based slurry. After sintering, unidirectional macropore channels of scaffolds aligned regularly along the TBA ice growth direction were tailored simultaneously with micropores formed in the outer wall of the pore channels. The synthesized porous BCP scaffolds (two different sintering temperatures) exhibit compressive strength of 46.8 MPa for 43.0% porosity and 33.1 MPa for 45.9% porosity, respectively. After immersion in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) for 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks, a precipitation started to be formed with individual small granules on the scaffolds surface. In the case of BCP scaffolds sintered at 1200 °C, β-TCP were slowly degraded with increasing the immersing time; on the other hand, α-TCP (from BCP scaffolds sintered at 1300 °C) was extremely degraded within 1 week of immersing. This behavior could be due to a fast hydrolysis (dissolution–reprecipitation) as a phase transformation from α-TCP to brushite or apatite compared to the β-TCP. After immersion in HBSS, overall the compressive strength of the scaffolds reduced by the gradual degradation in biological environment solution. This behavior is consistent with the degradation behavior of scaffolds after immersion in HBSS.     

分析多孔陶瓷的研制及其在污水处理中的性能

综述多孔陶瓷的种类及特性,分析多孔陶瓷的研制方法,研究多孔陶瓷在污水处理中的性能。     

蛋白质分子在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中扩散和分配特性的研究

利用凝胶内溶质分子向缓冲溶液中扩散的方法,测定了溶菌酶、β－乳球蛋白、卵清蛋白、牛血清白蛋白和γ－球蛋白５种蛋白在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中的有效扩散系数和分配系数,研究了单体质量浓度、交联度和蛋白分子粒径等因素的影响,讨论了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中蛋白分子的扩散和分配机制,发现不能用Ｏｇｓｔｏｎ理论解释聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中蛋白分子的扩散和分配特性     

旋流腔结构对涡流二极管性能及流动影响的数值模拟

为了探讨旋流腔结构对涡流二极管正向流动和反向流动的影响,分别采用RNG κ-ε湍流模型和κ-ε湍流模型进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好。在此基础上,计算分析了旋流腔结构型式及几何尺寸对正向流动和反向流动的影响,并得到了旋流腔的优化结构。结果表明：渐缩型旋流腔反向阻力系数最大;薄板型正向阻力系数最小;渐缩型综合性能最佳,可以在原型基础上提高30%。渐缩型旋流腔中心高度应根据等流速设计原则,其最佳值略小于轴向出口管直径的1/4。     

扁管结构对平行流冷凝器制冷剂侧性能的影响

平行流冷凝器是一种新型高效紧凑式换热器,其在家用空调器中的应用还存在一些问题,如压降太大等,本文使用Yang和Webb推荐的扁管侧经验传热系数及摩擦阻力关联式,采用数值模拟的方法,研究了家用空调器中平行流冷凝器多孔扁管结构对其传热及压降性能的影响。结果表明:适当减小平行流冷凝器的扁管内孔高度、宽度、宽高比及扁管孔数,可提高其传热系数、增加压降。研究结果为家用空调器中平行流冷凝器多孔扁管参数的选取提供了理论依据。     

HNPC-A9908正辛醇/水分配系数的测定

采用摇瓶法,对HNPC-A9908[O-(3-苯氧苄基)-2-甲硫基-1-(4-氯苯基)丙基酮肟醚]这一新的非酯肟醚类拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂在醇/水体系中的分配系数的测定。测定结果表明,在25℃条件下,振荡5￣7h可达到平衡,分配系数平均为5.00。     

Systematic Approach to Quantify Adsorption and Biodegradation Capacities on Biological Activated Carbon Following Ozonation

The goal of this research was to develop a systematic approach to quantify adsorption and biodegradation capacities on biological activated carbon (BAC). The role of absorption and biodegradation on BAC was studied using a continuous column. Several media, i.e., granular activated carbon (GAC), seeded glass bead and seeded GAC, and a target compound (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) were selected. Before breakthrough, the effluent of the GAC column contained a small amount of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that contributed the greatest amount of organic carbon to the effluent of the glass bead column, which suggests that adsorption should be the prevailing mechanism for removal the p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and biodegradation should be responsible for reducing the ozonation intermediates. Also, the bioactivity approach (biomass respiration potential, BRP) of BAC can not only reveal the importance of biodegradation mechanisms for the intermediates of ozonation, but also quantify the extent of the adsorption or biodegradation reaction occurring on BAC.     

基于DEA方法的化工企业安全投资效率分析

随着全国经济发展以及企业安全意识的提高,化工安全已经越来越受到重视。从安全投入产出角度,分析了化工企业安全投资现状,并对安全投资的分类和安全投资效益的计算进行了全新界定;同时将DEA模型引入企业的安全投资分析中,构建了企业安全投资CCR模型以评价化工企业安全投资效率,最后通过实证分析验证了DEA模型应用的有效性,并发现合理的投资比例能有效提高企业安全投资效率。本研究为安全投资决策提供了一个崭新的分析角度,对安全投资决策的科学制定和安全投资结构的优化都有一定的帮助,对化工企业进行安全管理和安全投资决策提供了理论指导。