电力系统分时电价计算模式探讨

引言随着电力网的日益扩大,电力网的峰谷差不断增大。挖掘电网的现有潜力,调节用户用电负荷,是解决我国当前电力负荷紧张的重要课题。分时电价旨在利用经济杠杆作用,使用户自觉调节负荷的时间分配,从而使电网负荷率在一定程度上得以提高。当前我国电价制定模式和标准不够统一,一般是以平均成本为计算的参考标准,全年实行一种电价。而所谓分时电价是指不同用电季节、不同用电时段,实行不同的电价。处于负荷高峰时间用电电价高。处于负荷低谷时用电电价低;丰水期电价低,枯水期电价高、分时电价的实行在我国还     

国家发展改革委出台电动汽车用电价格政策

正为贯彻落实国务院办公厅《关于加快新能源汽车推广应用的指导意见》精神,利用价格杠杆促进电动汽车推广应用,近日,国家发展改革委下发《关于电动汽车用电价格政策有关问题的通知》,确定对电动汽车充换电设施用电实行扶持性电价政策。《通知》明确,对经营性集中式充换电设施用电实行价格优惠,执行大工业电价,并且2020年前免收基本电费。居民家庭住宅、住宅小区等充电设施用电,执行居民电价。电动汽车充换电设施用电执行峰谷分时电价政策,鼓励用户降低充电成本。     

要重视容量电价

我国自改革开放以来，在电价改革中越来越偏向电度电价，忽视了容量电价，其结果是电价对用户提高负荷率的积极性削弱了．随着缺电的缓解，负荷率随着下降，论成了高峰的困难．从1995年开始提出实施分时电价和负荷控制，情况有所改善。从世界各国实施电价制度改革的情况来看，趋向于重视容量电价．一、为什么要重视容量电价重视容量电价，这是由于电力工业供应的特点引起的．电力供应的一个基本特点，就是一个供应电力的企业要为电力用户提供两种医务，一是满足用户用电容量和电量的要求，二是要做到用户四时用电都能保质保量提供电力作好准…     

考虑用户用电灵活性的社区能源系统双层优化

提出一种考虑用户用电灵活性的社区能源系统双层优化模型,在上层,能源运营商通过优化售电价格来最大化其利润;在下层,建立了反映电热水器蓄热特性的热动态模型以及反映洗碗机和洗衣机的负荷可转移特点的运行特性模型.用户根据运营商提供的电价灵活控制电负荷的开关状态及运行时段,最大程度地降低其用电成本.然后,通过上下两层迭代求解该双...     

含有用户自主选择行为分析的电价套餐设计策略

基于用户自主选择行为并趋优的特性,提出了一种新型的电价套餐制定策略。首先,采用K-means算法对电力用户负荷特性曲线进行聚类分析,生成各类典型的用户负荷特性曲线;构建效用模型及用户选择概率模型,以效用最大化确定不同用电习惯的用户选择套餐的概率。其次,制定基于CVaR的售电商成本与风险模型,并以用户自主选择行为和售电商成本与风险等作为约束,以售电商利润最大化为优化目标,建立了电价套餐定制模型。最后,结合算例验证所提出的电价套餐的合理性及可行性。     

基于分布式算法的实时电价策略研究

在智能电网中,实时电价(RTP)是解决智能电网供需平衡的理想手段。通过分析国内外实时电价机制发展现状,将家庭用户负荷分为四类,综合考虑用户间的不同用电特性,构建了相应的用电效益优化模型,采用分布式算法,结合某地区的具体数据,并针对不同的需求响应方案、蓄电池成本、系统大小对模型进行仿真。结果表明,基于分布式算法的需求响应实时电价策略可使社会用电效益最大化。     

运用电价机制推进需求侧节能降耗工作

能源贫乏将长期成为制约我国经济与社会发展的瓶颈,而在需求侧开展节能降耗是缓解能源紧缺的有效手段之一。目前需求侧主动节能降耗的意识不够,电价机制可以有效调节用户的用电方式和消费行为,从而促进需求侧自觉节能降耗。本文阐述了销售电价机制对需求侧节能降耗的作用、现行电价机制存在的问题及需改进的地方。     

试论分时电价制的定价原则

<正> 分时电价制(或称峰谷电价制)是从经济的角度用管理手段进行调荷节电的一种有效的方法。它是运用电能价格这一极灵敏的经济杠杆,根据价值规律,积极调节用户的用电时     

我国电力行业交叉补贴与电价边际成本有关问题研究

基于2008～2017年全国30个省市面板数据,分别构建居民用户和工业用户经济计量模型,研究减少交叉补贴和其他电力市场化改革措施是否实现了降低电价边际成本的目标.结论 表明,随着交叉补贴水平的降低,电价边际成本下降的假设得到验证;整个改革进程降低了电价边际成本的假设没有得到验证.说明电力市场化改革措施对不同地区、不同用...     

对居民生活用电阶梯电价方案的几点看法

通过对浙江省居民生活用电现状和居民生活用电阶梯电价实施方案的分析,从4个方面对现有居民生活用电阶梯电价实施方案提出质疑。认为推行居民阶梯电价可以传递鼓励理性消费的价格信号,合理的居民用电阶梯电价方案应最大程度体现社会公平和能源效率,关注城乡用电水平和用电结构差异,相邻省份的区域平衡和经济社会发展的动态调整。     

Principles, effects and problems of differential power pricing policy for energy intensive industries in China

The Chinese government canceled the preferential power pricing policies for energy intensive industries and imposed a reverse differential pricing policy in order to promote energy efficiency and the adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure. This article analyzes the principles of China’s differential power pricing policy, the externalities of energy and the modified Ramsey pricing rule, and also points out the policy implications of China’s differential power pricing policy. In our samples, we investigate eight power intensive products in the Henan province with respect to their power consumption per unit (power intensity), electricity cost, total cost, the electricity tariff and profit, in order to test the effects of the differential power pricing policy. The results show that the primary effect of the differential power pricing policy is that enterprises decrease their total costs and improve their productive efficiencies in advance, in anticipating a higher electricity tariff.     

The effects of electricity pricing on PHEV competitiveness

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) will soon start to be introduced into the transportation sector, thereby raising a host of issues related to their use, adoption and effects on the electricity sector. Their introduction has the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions from the transportation sector, which has led to government policies aimed at easing their introduction. If their widespread adoption is set as a target it is imperative to consider the effects of existing policies that may increase or decrease their adoption rate. In this study, we present a micro level electricity demand model that can gauge the effects of PHEVs on household electricity consumption and the subsequent economic attractiveness of the vehicles. We show that the electricity pricing policy available to the consumer is a very significant factor in the economic competitiveness of PHEVs. Further analysis shows that the increasing tier electricity pricing system used in California will substantially blunt adoption of PHEVs in the state; and time of use electricity pricing will render PHEVs more economically attractive in any state.     

火电机组能耗-供电成本动态模型研究

分析了火电机组的主要能耗指标,在其基础上建立了机组能耗一供电成本模型,并对影响单位供电成本的主要因素进行了敏感性分析。通过能耗一供电成本模型,结合电厂实时运行数据,计算了机组在某段运行时间内的动态供电成本,为火电机组的经济性运行提供参考。     

计入峰谷分时上网电价的天然气发电竞争力分析

针对当前天然气发电燃料成本高、天然气供应不足而导致上网电价水平偏高,难以与煤电竞价的问题,提出考虑在发电侧实施峰谷分时上网电价机制,鼓励燃气电厂提高峰时段的上网电量,同时制定计入峰谷分时电价补贴标准来提高天然气发电的市场竞争力。算例结果表明,该措施明显提高了天然气发电的经济优势、气价的承受能力、与煤电平等竞价上网的竟争力。     

Real-time pricing when some consumers resist in saving electricity

Successful real-time electricity pricing depends firstly upon consumers' willingness to subscribe to such terms and, secondly, on their ability to curb consumption levels. The present paper addresses both issues by considering consumers differentiated by their electricity saving costs, half of whom resist saving electricity. We demonstrate that when consumers are free to adopt real-time prices, producers prefer charging inefficient prices and, in so doing, discriminate against that portion of the consumer population which faces no saving costs. We also find that efficient marginal cost pricing is feasible, but is incompatible with mass adoption of real-time prices.     

Market-driven energy pricing necessary to ensure China's power supply

China's rapid economic growth has strained its power supply, as manifested for instance by the widespread 2008 power shortage. The cause for this shortage is thought to be the current Chinese energy pricing system, which is mainly government rather than market controlled. Government-regulated price-caps for coal have seriously affected coal supply. At the same time price-caps for electricity supply have caused suspension of power plant operation. As a result, the average operating time of coal-fired power plants declined 50 h annually across the nation in the first half of 2008 compared to the previous year, despite clear power shortages. Here, it will be suggested that energy pricing, set by supply and demand may effectively discourage excessive growth in heavy industry, substantially encourage energy conservation and efficiency, and curb the rapid electricity demand in China. It will be argued that a market-oriented electricity pricing mechanism is required for China to secure its future power supply.     

Efficient pricing and investment in electricity markets with intermittent resources

Facing growing technological and environmental challenges, the electricity industry needs effective pricing mechanism to promote efficient risk management and investment decisions. In a restructured electricity market with competitive wholesale prices and traditionally regulated retail rates, however, there are technical and institutional barriers that prevent dynamic pricing with price responsive demand. In regions with limited energy storage capacity, intermittent renewable resources present special challenges. This could adversely affect the effectiveness of public policies causing inefficient investments in energy technologies. In this paper, we present an updated economic model of pricing and investment in restructured electricity market and use the model in a simulation study for an initial assessment of renewable energy strategy and alternative pricing mechanisms. A key objective of the study is to shed light on the policy issues so that effective decisions can be made to improve efficiency.     

地方小水电上网峰谷电价定价分析

介绍了当前浙江省对地方小水电上网峰谷电价的定价原则。在此基础上，详细分析了峰谷电量比和电价比两个因素对定价的影响程度。     

基于分时电价的水库调度图优化研究

以芹山水库为例,结合分时电价原理与水库优化调度理论,划分了分时电价的时段,建立了考虑电价的以水电站水库发电效益最大为目标、兼顾保证出力要求的优化调度模型,应用改进的遗传算法优化水库常规调度图.结果表明,考虑分时电价影响后平均出力变小,能多发峰电,增加发电效益.     

Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid energy system for CCHP and hydrogen production based on solar energy

A typical problem in Northeast China is that a large amount of surplus electricity has arisen owing to the serious photovoltaic power curtailment phenomenon. To effectively utilize the excess photovoltaic power, a hybrid energy system is proposed that uses surplus electricity to produce hydrogen in this paper. It combines solar energy, hydrogen production system, and Combined Cooling Heating and Power (CCHP) system to realize cooling, heating, power, and hydrogen generation. The system supplies energy for three public buildings in Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China, and the system configuration with the lowest unit energy cost (0.0615$/kWh) was obtained via optimization. Two comparison strategies were used to evaluate the hybrid energy system in terms of unit energy cost, annual total cost, fossil energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions. Subsequently, the annual total energy supply, typical daily loads, and cost of the optimized system were analyzed. In conclusion, the system is feasible for small area public buildings, and provides a solution to solve the phenomenon of photovoltaic power curtailment.