基于MANET接入Internet的动态网关布局与选取规划模型

 本文以实现MANET接入Internet为应用背景,考虑到动态网关在整个网络接入过程中的重要作用,提出了一种新的适用于MANET接入Internet的动态网关的布局与选取的三层规划模型.该模型通过引入具有协调控制功能的节点(即决策节点)来对接入网络中的网关和路径的使用情况进行调控,通过上下层的交互决策协调网络整体利益和节点局部利益之间的关系,并以此作为配置网关的依据,从而优化网关布局.仿真结果表明,引入该模型后网络的延迟、开销以及吞吐率等性能指标得到了改善,验证了该模型的有效性.     

基于网关信息素更新的MANET接入Internet开销控制方法

 寻找可用网关是MANET接入Internet过程中产生开销最大的一个环节。为了有效控制接入过程中的路由开销,根据蚂蚁寻径与移动节点寻找网关的相似性,提出了一种基于网关信息素更新的接入网络开销控制算法。该算法模仿蚁群算法中信息素更新方式,运用路由应答报文中携带的信息对网关信息素进行更新。节点在寻路时根据路径上的信息素浓度、链路带宽和时延等参数计算转发概率并进行转发。通过运用NS2.29对该算法进行仿真,结果表明该算法虽然平均端到端时延略有增加,但是有效地减少了归一化路由开销,并提高了分组投递率,验证了算法的有效性。     

一种空基自组网路由协议的研究

针对传统Ad Hoc路由协议无法满足空基自组网在高动态拓扑下成功投递、路由开销和低延迟的要求,研究了一种利用空基平台已规划的航线信息来提高网络路由性能的路由协议.该路由协议由已知移动信息路由协议（MARP,mobility aware route protocol）和移动信息洪泛协议（MDP,mobility dissemination protocol）组成.MARP利用规划的航线信息预测网络拓扑并计算路由,MDP采用洪泛方式通知网络中所有节点实际拓扑和预测拓扑的差异信息.设计该协议的数据结构、链路预测机制、实际链路探测机制、多余广播减少机制.通过QualNet仿真验证,结果表明,MARP/MDP在平均报文传输延迟、报文成功投递率及路由开销方面比AODV和OLSR协议具有更优越的性能.     

嵌入服务通告与发现的ZRP协议

服务通告和发现在MANET(Mobile Ad hoc Networks)网络中,是一个十分重要的组成部分.现有的服务通告和发现协议不是为MANET网络设计的.文章提出了一个适合MANET、基于ZRP(Zone Routing Protocol)的服务通告及发现协议.服务的通告与发现存在于ZRP路由控制分组中,避免了周期性的通告给MANET网络带来的负载,节约了有限的带宽和设备的能耗.     

移动自组网接入Internet的自适应技术研究

在移动自组网接入Internet的过程中,为适应节点高速移动导致网络拓扑频繁更新的特性,在混合式路由发现中引入自适应机制,从网关通告跳数的合理范围、广播风暴的避免、各节点和网关负载的动态变化等方面进行自适应性优化。以AODV路由协议为基础,改进网关发现算法的自适应机制,在NS2平台进行仿真,实现移动自组网与有线网络的互联,且其接入性能有一定程度优化。     

一种基于路径信息的WSN路由协议

AODV是一种广泛应用于MANET的按需路由协议,但是它并不完全适用于WSN。本文通过改进AODV协议基于洪泛的路由机制,提出了一种适用于WSN的低开销、低时延的路由协议IAODV。仿真结果表明:与AODV协议相比,IAODV协议可以在保持较高的分组投递率的同时有效降低数据分组的平均端到端时延和路由开销,达到了低开销、低时延的设计目标。     

移动自组网与Internet互连的动态网关策略

移动自组网(MANET)是自治的无基础设施的网络,它通过IP路由支持多跳无线通信。它与Internet 相比存在着许多差异,不仅有网络拓扑结构的不同,还存在通信方式的不同。因此,MANET与Internet组合成混杂网络(hybrid network)是一个具有挑战性的课题。移动自组网(MANET)的结点要进行Internet连接,就必须寻找Internet网关。如何寻找和维持与Internet网关的连接是这个问题的关键,再者,就是如何切换到一个更合适的相邻网关。在这篇文章中,首次提出动态网关的概念,动态网关作为MANET和Internet之间的接口起桥梁作用。通过模型分析,证明动态网关体系结构适合于自组网与Internet互联。仿真结果显示,利用动态网关的网络性能优于单一固定网关的体系结构的网络性能。     

蚁群寻优自适应多路径流量分配算法研究

针对MANET多路径自适应流量分配,提出了蚂蚁寻优自适应多路径流量分配算法.根据反应路径质量的权重动态确定多路径流量的比例,使得网络资源充分利用;利用蚂蚁算法作为流量分配的最优解搜索策略,获得更优的分配结果;依据前次流量分配结果构造蚂蚁算法的初始信息素,提高搜索效率.仿真表明:该算法在平均端到端延迟.报文成功传输率、控制开销、负载平衡性能方面有一定的提升.     

移动自组网与Internet互联技术研究

随着Ad hoc网络技术的不断发展成熟,移动自组织网（MANET）与Internet的互联已经成为扩展无线应用的关键。文章详细分析MANET与Internet互联中的地址分配、路由发现、网关发现、协议转换几项关键技术,讨论现有MANET与Internet互联的方案,最后指出互联技术研究中的要点及未来研究的方向。     

Ad Hoc与Internet互连的动态网关方案

移动Ad Hoe网络(MANET)是一种自治的、不需要固定基础设施的网络.将MANET与Internet连接可以扩展MANET的应用,实现资源共享,扩大网络的覆盖范围.文中提出一种具有三个层次的MANET与Internet互连的动态网关方案,把动态网关作为连接MANET和Internet的界面.最后文中通过仿真试验,动态网关方案使混合网络的性能得到了提高.     

Location aided probabilistic broadcast algorithm for mobile Ad-hoc network routing

On-demand routing protocols are widely used in mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET). Flooding is an important dissemination scheme in routing discovering of on-demand routing protocol. However, in high-density MANET redundancy flooding packets lead to dramatic deterioration of the performance which calls broadcast storm problem (BSP). A location-aided probabilistic broadcast (LAPB) algorithm for routing in MANET is proposed to reduce the number of routing packets produced by flooding in this paper. In order to reduce the redundancy packets, only nodes in a specific area have the probability, computed by location information and neighbor knowledge, to propagate the routing packets. Simulation results demonstrate that the LAPB algorithm can reduce the packets and discovery delay (DD) in the routing discovery phase.     

An adaptive algorithm for connecting mobile ad hoc network to Internet with unidirectional links supported

The performance of Internet connectivity is degraded dramatically by blind rebroadcast of gateway discovery packets when obvious unidirectional links are ignored. To overcome this problem, an effective adaptive gateway discovery algorithm for connecting mobile ad hoc network to Internet with unidirectional links supported is proposed in this paper. On the basis of modification for ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), through rebroadcasting the gateway discovery messages and gateway advertisement messages, both of which are extended with local connection information, unidirectional links are successfully removed from global route computations and Internet connectivity is simultaneously enhanced. Furthermore, an adaptive Internet working scheme is adopted to provide the best coverage of gateway advertisement according to dynamically adjusting broadcast range and sending interval of gateway advertisement messages in terms of network conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid Internet connectivity algorithm can provide better connectivity performance due to avoiding unidirectional links effectively with reasonable overhead.     

A routing layer-based hierarchical service advertisement and discovery for MANETs

The implementation of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is steadily increasing. MANETs are especially popular in locations that lack a fixed communication infrastructure. To achieve zero-configuration MANETs, as well as quick and easy access to network resources, resources must be well managed by the network. This paper proposes a hierarchical service discovery and advertisement protocol (HSDAP) implemented in the routing layer. HSDAP queries services by piggybacking service REQuest (SREQ) packets on routing packets to reduce overhead and energy consumption. We extend the cluster-based routing protocol (CBRP) to improve service management hierarchy. Simulation results show that adding service discovery and advertisement (SDA) functions to CBRP does not significantly affect overhead. SDA overhead, routing overhead, energy consumption, and SDA delay are significantly less than the extended zone routing protocol. Furthermore, SDA hit ratio of the proposed protocol is greater than 86% for various levels of mobility. The proposed HSDAP is robust and scalable.     

一种面向移动Ad Hoc网络DSR协议的改进泛洪算法

在移动自组织网络中,基于移动节点地理位置辅助信息,提出了一种新的泛洪算法——位置辅助泛洪改进算法（ILFA）,ILFA通过节点位置信息重传广播分组并有效控制网络流量。此外,将ILFA应用于经典MANET源路由（dynamic source routing,DSR）协议中,通过限定请求区域和期望区域等限制路由发现的有效范围,进而通过设置提名广播重传邻居列表限定路由请求分组重传范围,有效减小DSR路由寻路分组的传播次数。仿真结果证明,和传统泛洪方案相比,ILFA能够有效减小DSR路由协议的路由开销并提升MANET吞吐量。     

基于HELLO机制的MANET与Internet高效互联

文章提出一种基于AODV HELLO机制的移动自组网与Internet互联方案。该方案直接在AODV HELLO分组中包含网关信息以及相邻节点列表．从而在无需引入额外控制分组的前提下进行网关发现并同时避免了在路由计算中引入单向链路。结合使用高效的半隧道转发机制，使得互联性能得到显著提升而开销合理，基于NS2的仿真结果显示了其有效性。     

Game theoretic approach in routing protocol for wireless ad hoc networks

This paper introduces a game theoretic method, called forwarding dilemma game (FDG), which controls routing overhead in dense multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks. The players of the game are the wireless nodes with set of strategies {Forward, Not forward}. The game is played whenever an arbitrary node in the network receives a flooding packet. In FDG, every player needs to know the number of players of the game. That is why a neighbor discovery protocol (NDP) is introduced. In order for NDP to function, a field is attached to the flooding packets (routing overhead packets). The mixed strategy Nash equilibrium is used as a solution for the FDG. This provides the probability that the flooding packet would be forwarded by the receiver node. FDG with NDP is implemented in AODV protocol in Network Simulator NS-2 to verify its performance with simulations. FDG with NDP improves performance of the AODV compared to the same network with only AODV protocol in moderate and high node densities. FDG can be applied to any routing protocol that uses flooding in the route discovery phase.     

低开销的MANET网络按需路由协议

针对简单泛洪效率低的问题,提出了一个限制洪泛的高效的路由广播算法,通过Euclidean距离来限制路由发现过程中请求分组被转发的次数;研究了减少路由维护开销,并降低路由发现的频率的方法,提出了一个基于节点高度的路由修复与优化算法,该算法使用节点监听来对链路断裂的路由进行修复与优化.基于限制泛洪的高效的路由广播算法和路由修复优化算法,提出了一种新的低开销的MANET网络按需路由协议LOOR(low overhead on-demand routing).仿真结果表明,新协议增强了路由的顽健性,减少了路由跳数,降低了路由发现的频率,提高了数据分组递送率,并显著地降低了路由控制开销.     

Minimum energy hierarchical dynamic source routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, Minimum Energy Dynamic Source Routing (MEDSR) and Hierarchical Minimum Energy Dynamic Source Routing (HMEDSR) protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) are proposed. The objective of MEDSR protocol is to reduce energy consumption in MANET while maintaining connectivity in the network. The objective of HMEDSR is to reduce the overhead of MEDSR. The overall result is that energy spent in transmitting overhead packets is reduced. This reduction allows more energy in transmitting data packets. The Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol is modified to implement both MEDSR and HMEDSR protocols, and these implementations are tested with a network simulator (Network Simulator (NS-2)). The simulation results show that both MEDSR and HMEDSR protocols reduce energy consumption per data packet by 25% compared to DSR, but HMESDR further reduces energy consumption by 12% compared to MEDSR by controlling overhead packets.