一个基于视频图像检测火灾的算法

针对传统火灾检测技术在面对大空间结构建筑及复杂环境中的不足,提出一种基于视频图像检测早期火灾的算法。该算法首先对视频图像进行阈值分割,然后根据火焰的颜色特征获取其中的疑似火焰区域。在此基础上计算疑似火焰区域的圆形度,并将圆形度与其整体特性相结合进行火灾的早期探测和预报。     

结合FCM聚类与SVM的火焰检测算法

针对传统视频型火焰检测算法误报率高、局限性强等问题,提出一种四步火焰检测算法。首先利用一种自适应混合高斯模型（GMM）检测视频序列中的运动目标;然后采用模糊C 均值（FCM）聚类算法分割疑似火焰区域与非火区域;再提取疑似火焰区域的面积变化、表面不均度等时空特征参数;最后将这些特征参数输入训练好的支持向量机（SVM）分类器以识别火焰区域。实验结果表明,算法不但在提高了检测率的同时降低了误检率,而且适用范围广,是一种有效的火焰检测算法。     

海空复杂背景中基于自适应局部能量阈值的红外小目标检测

自适应Butterworth高通滤波是一种有效的海空复杂背景下红外小目标检测方法,但其在序列图像检测中不可避免地存在虚警。该研究通过估计因前后帧间不同截止频率导致Butterworth高通滤波后红外图像中小目标局部能量值的变化情况,可实现对滤波后图像中小目标检测阈值的自适应调整。实验结果表明该算法不仅可很好解决上述虚警问题,而且对跟踪过程中可能出现的目标消失或背景突然变化的情况也有良好的适应性。     

基于改进GMM和多特征融合的视频火焰检测算法

针对现有视频图像火焰检测算法前景提取不完整、准确率低和误检率高等问题,提出一种基于改进混合高斯模型(GMM)和多特征融合的视频火焰检测算法。首先针对背景建模,提出了自适应高斯分布数和学习率的改进GMM方法,以提高前景提取效果和算法实时性;然后利用火焰颜色特征筛选出疑似火焰区域,再通过融合改进局部二值模式纹理和边缘相似度特征用于火焰检测。基于支持向量机设计火焰融合特征分类器并进行对比实验,在公开数据集上的实验结果表明,所提算法有效提高了背景建模效果,火焰检测准确率可达到92.26%,误检率低至2.43%。     

基于坐标变换与随机Hough变换的抛物线运动目标检测算法

该文提出了一种在雷达坐标平面中检测匀加速机动目标抛物线轨迹的新算法。该算法将抛物线方程的坐标变换与随机Hough变换三点检测法结合起来检测任意方向的抛物线轨迹,并利用所检测到的点迹的速度信息来消除虚假目标。Monte Carlo仿真表明,在密集杂波条件下,高检测概率会带来高的虚警概率;而在稀疏杂波条件下,检测效果比较好。     

Discrimination mode processing for EMI and GPR sensors for hand-held land mine detection

Signal processing algorithms for hand-held mine detection sensors are described. The goals of the algorithms are to provide alarms to a human operator indicating the likelihood of the presence of a buried mine. Two modes of operations are considered: search mode and discrimination mode. Search mode generates an initial detection at a suspected location and discrimination mode confirms that the suspected location contains a land mine. Search mode requires that the signal processing algorithm generate a detection confidence value immediately at the current sample location and no delay in producing an alarm confidence is tolerable. Search mode detection has a high false-alarm rate. Discrimination mode allows the operator to interrogate the entire suspected location to eliminate false alarms. It does not require that the signal processing algorithm produce an alarm confidence immediately for the current sample location, but rather allows the system to process all the data acquired over the region before producing an alarm. This paper proposes discrimination mode processing algorithms for metal detectors (MDs), or electromagnetic induction sensors (EMIs), ground-penetrating radars (GPRs), and their fusion. The MD discrimination mode algorithm employs a model-based approach and uses the target model parameters to discriminate between mines and clutter objects. The GPR discrimination mode algorithm uses the consistency of detection as well as the shape of the detection peaks over several sweeps to improve the discrimination accuracy. The performances of the proposed algorithms were examined on a dataset collected at a government test site, and performance was compared with baseline techniques. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can reduce the probability of false alarm by as much as 70% at a 100% correct detection rate and performed comparable to the best human operator on a blind test with data collected at approximately 1000 locations.     

基于目标跟踪和多特征融合的火焰检测算法

针对目前视频火焰检测算法无法达到高检测率、低误检率和实时的工业需求,提出一种基于目标跟踪和多特征融合的火焰检测算法.首先利用混合高斯背景建模获取前景图像,在HSV色彩空间中根据火焰的颜色特性分离出疑似火焰区域,对火焰疑似区域采用卡尔曼滤波器实现运动目标的跟踪,再结合火焰的相似度、区域增长率和跳动频率特征用加权求和得到的值与报警阈值相比,最后根据判断比较确定真实火焰区域,并且实现对火焰的持续跟踪.实验结果证明,该算法能够对火焰区域进行有效的检测与跟踪并且具有良好的实时性和抗干扰能力.     

基于视觉感知机理的舰船目标检测

提出了一种基于视觉感知机理的光学遥感图像舰船目标检测的算法。该算法的核心思想在于设计并利用一组Gabor滤波器组来模拟人眼的视觉特性对基于可见光的遥感图像进行处理,从而达到对复杂海况背景抑制并对较暗舰船目标增强的目的。同时,该算法融合了海陆分割、云判处理等子模块,并充分考虑了人眼视觉的底层特性,从颜色、纹理、形态等各个角度进行疑似目标的筛选与剔除,得到最终的检测结果。实验结果显示,该算法具有较高的检测率和较强的鲁棒性,针对各类海况（包含暗舰船目标的情况）平均检测率达到85%以上,高于传统算法的51.3%。     

像素预测误差耦合似然映射的图像伪造检测算法

为了解决当前图像伪造定位技术因使用了CFA 插值,易形成颜色插值噪声而降低分辨率,导致其难以检测微小篡改区域,使其伪造检测精度较低等不足,本文提出了像素预测误差耦合似然映射的图像伪造检测算法。首先,分析颜色滤波阵列CFA插值模型,并从图像中提取绿色分量;随后,嵌入权重因子,构造预测误差及其权重方差计算模型;根据预测误差与贝叶斯理论,定义伪造特征统计模型,识别出趋于零的特征值;最后,根据特征统计模型,建立其似然率模型,输出伪造映射,完成检测。仿真结果表明：与当前图像伪造定位机制相比,本文算法拥有更强的鲁棒性,能识别定位出微小伪造像素;且拥有更高的AUC值与理想的ROC曲线。     

一种基于兴趣区提取的红外搜索系统目标实时检测算法

针对周扫红外搜索系统对空目标探测面临的图像数据量大、弱目标检测概率低、虚警率高等难点问题,提出了一种基于兴趣区(ROI)提取的目标实时检测算法。算法分析了周扫红外搜索系统获取的图像中目标与背景的特性,根据目标运动特性与灰度特性,在周扫红外搜索系统获取的整幅全景图像中快速提取目标可能存在的兴趣区;针对兴趣区内的局部目标图像切片,进一步精细检测识别,剔除虚假目标干扰。外场试验获取的实测数据目标检测结果表明,算法针对复杂低空背景下弱目标能够实现低虚警率稳健检测,已应用到了周扫红外搜索跟踪系统的工程样机研制中。     

Reduction of False Alarm Signals for PIR Sensor in Realistic Outdoor Surveillance

A passive infrared or pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor is mainly used to sense the existence of moving objects in an indoor environment. However, in an outdoor environment, there are often outbreaks of false alarms from environmental changes and other sources. Therefore, it is difficult to provide reliable detection outdoors. In this paper, two algorithms are proposed to reduce false alarms and provide trustworthy quality to surveillance systems. We gather PIR signals outdoors, analyze the collected data, and extract the target features defined as window energy and alarm duration. Using these features, we model target and false alarms, from which we propose two target decision algorithms: window energy detection and alarm duration detection. Simulation results using real PIR signals show the performance of the proposed algorithms.     

基于信息融合技术的无线火灾探测报警系统

为了解决传统火灾报警系统只对火灾的某一种物理或化学信号进行探测而容易出现误报和漏报的问题,将多传感器复合探测技术和无线通信技术应用到火灾探测报警系统中,设计了一种基于STM32为主控制芯片的智能分布式无线火灾探测报警系统,系统能同时采集CO浓度、烟雾浓度和温度3个火灾参数,利用无线通信技术进行数据传输,采用智能算法对火灾信息进行处理和判断。经调试,该系统能够及时、准确地预警火情。     

Shot boundary detection in the presence of fire flicker and explosion using stationary wavelet transform

Detection of fire in video for fire alarm systems has been studied by many researchers, but detection of shot boundaries under fire, flicker and explosion (FFE) is one of the under-studied areas. In thriller movies, FFE occur more often than other special effects and lead to false detection of shot boundary. We tested major metrics used for detection of shot boundaries under FFE for various movies. It is observed that for almost all metrics, precision is low due to false positives caused by FFE. We propose an algorithm based on cross-correlation coefficient, stationary wavelet transform and combination of local and adaptive thresholds for detection of shot boundaries under FFE. The proposed algorithm is tested on three movies, and experimental results validate the effectiveness of our proposed method in terms of better recall and precision.     

基于风险估计的弱小目标恒虚警检测

复杂背景下的红外弱小目标检测是目标探测领域的一个难题。为了有效抑制复杂背景的干扰,降低复杂背景所带来的虚警,提出了一种基于风险估计的恒虚警检测方法。首先,分析了背景分布的统计方法,对传统的正态分布统计方法予以改进,对滤波后的图像做局部灰度的分布统计,从而更准确地描述背景图像的分布规律。然后,在传统的恒虚警算法中加入风险估计,将背景复杂度作为风险估计判断依据,利用风险估计自适应调整分割阈值,从而达到抑制背景干扰、减少虚警和误判的目的。最后,实验结果表明:该算法可以显著减少复杂背景造成的虚警,并保证能够有效探测出弱小目标。     

一种耦合检测和JPDA滤波的多目标跟踪算法

传统雷达信号处理中对目标的检测和跟踪是割裂处理的,通常为先检测后跟踪(DBT);当目标的信噪比较低时,检测过程中将出现大量的虚警及漏检,使得后继的跟踪算法失效。针对这一问题,在联合处理检测和跟踪方法的基础上,提出了一种耦合贝叶斯检测和联合概率数据关联(JPDA)滤波的多目标跟踪算法(JPDAF-BD)。JPDA滤波器将目标的位置分布信息反馈到贝叶斯检测器,继而贝叶斯检测器将该反馈作为先验信息用于检测判决。仿真结果表明,所提出的JPDAF-BD算法较之传统DBT体制下的多目标跟踪算法(JPDAF-NP)有显著的性能提升,可以实现更低信噪比下的多目标检测和跟踪。     

HIS空间的火灾图像模糊增强快速算法

火灾图像增强是图像型火灾探测系统中的重要环节。为了克服传统模糊增强算法运算量大、耗时长等问题,采用建立3维查找表并改进模糊增强算子的方法,设计了1种基于颜色三要素空间的火灾图像模糊增强快速算法。首先将火灾图像由三原色空间转换到三要素空间,然后保留H分量,分别对I分量、S分量建立3维查找表,通过3维查找表对图像中所有像素点的I分量、S分量进行模糊增强操作,最后将图像转换回三原色空间。结果表明,该算法在保留火焰色彩信息的同时大大降低了运行时间。这一结果对火灾的实时性探测是有帮助的。     

A dynamic CSFICA and feature‐based collision detection method in multichannel space‐based AIS

To detect message collisions in multichannel spaced‐based automatic identification system (AIS), a dynamic complex symmetric fast independent component analysis (CSFICA) and feature‐based collision detection method is proposed in this paper. A fast and stable blind source separation algorithm, dynamic CSFICA, is utilized to separate signals dynamically and improve the signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR) in each channel. A frequency and phase offset insensitive feature detection algorithm is used to calculate the test statistics in each channel. The false alarm is suppressed by applying the arithmetic to geometric mean (AGM) method, and test statistics of channels with sufficient signal quality are extracted to detect the preamble. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the reference feature detection algorithm under collision conditions and is insensitive to the SIR. The proposed algorithm is more resistant to false alarm caused by signal (FAS) than the differential correlation (DC) algorithm.     

Bioinspired Color Changing Molecular Sensor toward Early Fire Detection Based on Transformation of Phthalonitrile to Phthalocyanine

The fire detection plays a critical role in the maintenance of public security. Previous approaches of early fire warning, based on smoke or temperature response must be set in the proximity of a fire. They cannot provide the additional information of fire location or size and are susceptible to complicated situations. It is still a big challenge to make rapid and accurate early fire warning in precombustion because of the lack of reliable alarm signals. Herein, a precursor molecular sensor (PMS) is designed and synthesized that can present the chemical structure transformation to form phthalocyanines (Pcs) and release a color change signal at about 180 °C, learning from the plant chlorophyll metabolism. Further, the PMS is assembled to an early fire warning component (EWC) and an intelligent image recognition algorithm is introduced for unburned fire detection. The EWC generates a colorful alarm within 20 s at 275 °C. Therefore, the facile PMS provides a reliable real‐time monitoring strategy to the early fire warning detection in precombustion.     

基于ICA和FCM的多时相SAR图像变化检测

针对多时相合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像提出了一种非监督的变化检测方法,首先利用独立成分分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)抑制相干斑噪声和减少混合像元,提高图像的分类性能.然后对独立分量图像构造差值图像进行非监督的变化检测,最后采用加入空间邻域信息的模糊C-均值聚类(Fuzzy C-Means)方法把差异图像分为变化类和非变化类,以此克服需要选择统计模型的影响.实验结果证实了该算法能有效抑制了变化检测中的虚警.     

基于报警偏离分析的入侵检测研究

在入侵检测实践中频繁报警与高误警率一直是难以避免的问题。针对这样的情况,文章提出了一种入侵检测中的报警偏离分析方法,它在减轻频繁报警冲击的同时,通过综合评估的方式降低了错误报警的影响。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。