一种新的基于指纹与人脸特征级融合的模糊金库方案

针对基于生物特征的模糊金库易受相关攻击导致密钥和生物特征模板丢失以及基于单生物特征的模糊金库的认证性能不可靠的问题,提出了一种新的基于指纹与人脸特征级融合的模糊金库方案。该方案对指纹特征与人脸特征分别进行不可逆变换,并基于Diffie-Hellman算法在特征级变换后将指纹与人脸特征融合为一个模板。最后,将所得的融合模板用来构建模糊金库,通过更新随机矩阵使金库具备可撤销特性,有效抵御相关攻击,实现可靠的身份认证。实验结果表明,本文方案提高了系统的可靠性和多生物特征模板的安全性。     

3T‐FASDM: Linear discriminant analysis‐based three‐tier face anti‐spoofing detection model using support vector machine

In recent years, to solve the problem of face spoofing, momentous work has been done in this field, but still, there is a need for establishing counter measures to the biometric spoofing attacks. Although trained and evaluated on different databases, impressive results have been achieved in existing face anti‐spoofing techniques, but biometric authentication is a very significant problem as imposters are using lots of reconstructed samples or fake synthetic material or structure that can be used for various attack purposes. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, this paper explains the security for face anti‐spoofing detection using linear discriminant analysis and validates the results by calculating HTER and accuracy on different databases (i.e., REPLAY ATTACK and CASIA). The proposed model, that is, three‐tier face anti‐spoofing detection model (3T‐FASDM), is used for the detection of the fake biometric user and works well for real‐time applications. The proposed methods tested on a set of state‐of‐the‐art anti‐spoofing features for the face mode gives a very low degree of complexity as 26 general image quality measures are applied to differentiate among legitimate and imposter samples. The outcomes obtained from publically available data show that this technique has improved performance and accuracy by analyzing the HTER and machine learning classifiers that are helpful to differentiate among real and fake traits.     

Secure user authentication scheme with novel server mutual verification for multiserver environments

The fast growth of mobile services and devices has made the conventional single‐server architecture ineffective from the point of its functional requirements. To extend the scalability and availability of mobile services to various applications, it is required to deploy multiserver architecture. In 2016, Moon et al insisted that Lu et al's scheme is weak to insiders and impersonation attack, then they proposed a biometric‐based scheme for authentication and key agreement of users in multiserver environments. Unfortunately, we analyze Moon et al's scheme and demonstrate that their scheme does not withstand various attacks from a malicious registered server. We propose a user authentication scheme with server mutual verification to overcome these security drawbacks. The proposed scheme withstands an attack from malicious insiders in multiserver environments. We use a threshold cryptography to strengthen the process of server authorization and to provide better security functionalities. We then prove the authentication and session key of the proposed scheme using Burrows‐Abadi‐Needham (BAN) logic and show that our proposed scheme is secure against various attacks.     

一种生物特征与公钥密码相结合的多层次身份认证方案

信息安全技术是保障各种网络应用正常运作的必要支撑,而身份认证是信息安全保障技术的重要组成部分。丈中简单分析了传统网络身份认证技术存在的安全缺陷,然后介绍了生物特征识别技术及其国内外应用情况。最后提出了一种把生物特征识别技术与公钥密码技术相结合的多层次身份认证方案,该方案解决了传统身份认证方案的部分缺点,增强了身份认证安全性,为实现更为安全可靠的网络安全体系提供技术支撑。     

Efficient and privacy-preserving online face authentication scheme

In traditional face authentication system,the trait template and authentication request were generally matched over plaintext,which may lead to the leakage of users’ sensitive data.In order to address the above-mentioned problem,based on matrix encryption,an efficient and privacy-preserving online face authentication scheme was proposed.Specifically,the users’ face trait template for register and the authentication request were encrypted before being sent to the online authentication server,and the similarity computation between the encrypted face trait template and authentication request was computed by the online authentication server over ciphertexts,which guaranteed the security of users’ sensitive data without affecting the accuracy of face authentication.Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme can achieve multiple security levels according to different security parameters.Moreover,performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme has low computation cost and communication overhead.Experiments results demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed scheme,which can be implemented in the real environment effectively.     

Wireless Network Security Based on the Image Address Masking (IAM) Mechanism

A multimodal biometric system is applied to recognize individuals as authentication, identification and verification for claimed identity. Multimodal biometrics increases the security level accuracy, spoof of attacks, noise in collected data, intra-class variations, inter-class variations, non universality etc. In this paper a multi modal biometric algorithm is designed by integrating iris, palm print, face and signature based on encoded discrete wavelet transform for image analysis and authentication. Multi level wavelet based fusion approach is applied, integrated and encoded into single composite image for matching decision. It reduces the memory size, increases the recognition accuracy and ERR using multimodal biometric approach when compared to individual biometric traits. The complexity of fusion and the reconstruction algorithm is suitable for many real time applications.     

Towards generalized ID‐based user authentication for mobile multi‐server environment

With the popularity of Internet and wireless networks, more and more network architectures are used in multi‐server environment, in which mobile users remotely access servers through open networks. In the past, many schemes have been proposed to solve the issue of user authentication for multi‐server environment and low‐power mobile devices. However, most of these schemes have suffered from many attacks because these schemes did not provide the formal security analysis. In this paper, we first give a security model for multi‐server environment. We then propose an ID‐based mutual authentication and key agreement scheme based on bilinear maps for mobile multi‐server environment. Our scheme can be used for both general users with a long validity period and anonymous users with a short validity period. Under the presented security model, we show that our scheme is secure against all known attacks. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme is well suitable for low‐power mobile devices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于生物特征和混沌映射的多服务器身份认证方案

基于密码的用户远程认证系统已被广泛应用,近年来的研究发现,单一口令系统容易遭受字典分析、暴力破解等攻击,安全性不高.生物特征与密码相结合的认证方式逐渐加入远程认证系统中,以提高认证系统的安全水平.但现有认证系统通常工作在单一服务器环境中,扩展到多服务器环境中时会遇到生物特征模板和密码容易被单点突破、交叉破解的问题.为了克服以上问题,提出了一种基于生物特征和混沌映射的多服务器密钥认证方案,该方案基于智能卡、密码和生物特征,可明显提高多服务器身份认证系统的安全性及抗密码猜解的能力.     

A secure and effective biometric‐based user authentication scheme for wireless sensor networks using smart card and fuzzy extractor

User authentication is a prominent security requirement in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for accessing the real‐time data from the sensors directly by a legitimate user (external party). Several user authentication schemes are proposed in the literature. However, most of them are either vulnerable to different known attacks or they are inefficient. Recently, Althobaiti et al. presented a biometric‐based user authentication scheme for WSNs. Although their scheme is efficient in computation, in this paper, we first show that their scheme has several security pitfalls such as (i) it is not resilient against node capture attack; (ii) it is insecure against impersonation attack; and (iii) it is insecure against man‐in‐the‐middle attack. We then aim to propose a novel biometric‐based user authentication scheme suitable for WSNs in order to withstand the security pitfalls found in Althobaiti et al. scheme. We show through the rigorous security analysis that our scheme is secure and satisfies the desirable security requirements. Furthermore, the simulation results for the formal security verification using the most widely used and accepted Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool indicate that our scheme is secure. Our scheme is also efficient compared with existing related schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Threshold password authentication against guessing attacks in Ad hoc networks

Password authentication has been accepted as one of the commonly used solutions in network environment to protect resources from unauthorized access. The emerging mobile Ad hoc network, however, has called for new requirements for designing authentication schemes due to its dynamic nature and vulnerable-to-attack structure, which the traditional schemes overlooked, such as availability and strong security against off line guessing attacks in face of node compromise. In this paper, we propose a threshold password authentication scheme, which meets both availability and strong security requirements in the mobile Ad hoc networks. In our scheme, t out of n server nodes can jointly achieve mutual authentication with a registered user within only two rounds of message exchanges. Our scheme allows users to choose and change their memorable password without subjecting to guessing attacks. Moreover, there is no password table in the server nodes end, which is preferable since mobile nodes are usually memory-restricted devices. We also show that our scheme is efficient to be implemented in mobile devices.     

A novel reliable and secure communication scheme for cognitive radio networks using concatenated kernel codes

Cognitive radio networks have emerged as a possible solution for the spectrum scarcity problem. Cognitive radio networks involve heterogeneous entities as part of it for facilitating spectrum sharing. Ensuring reliability and security in such scenario is inevitable for the licensed users (primary users) as well as for the unlicensed users (secondary users). To address the challenges of reliable and secure communication for the secondary users, in this paper, a novel reliable and secure communication framework is proposed. A class of group codes called concatenated kernel codes is used to achieve reliability and techniques of fundamental cutset and fundamental circuit to achieve security in terms of authentication of sender. It is shown that the proposed communication framework provides reliability mitigating the continuous interference of primary users and security by defending against the cryptanalytic attacks such as replay attack, related key attack, and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. The theoretical basis of the proposed framework is validated, and its performance is evaluated through simulations.     

Cryptanalysis and security enhancement of a robust two‐factor authentication and key agreement protocol

Two‐factor user authentication scheme allows a user to use a smart card and a password to achieve mutual authentication and establish a session key between a server and a user. In 2012, Chen et al. showed that the scheme of Sood et al. does not achieve mutual authentication and is vulnerable to off‐line password guessing and smart card stolen attacks. They also found that another scheme proposed by Song is vulnerable to similar off‐line password guessing and smart card stolen attacks. They further proposed an improved scheme. In this paper, we first show that the improved scheme of Chen et al. still suffers from off‐line password guessing and smart card stolen attacks, does not support perfect forward secrecy, and lacks the fairness of session key establishment. We then propose a new security‐enhanced scheme and show its security and authentication using the formal verification tool ProVerif, which is based on applied pi calculus. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

LPPA: Lightweight privacy‐preservation access authentication scheme for massive devices in fifth Generation (5G) cellular networks

Because of the requirements of stringent latency, high‐connection density, and massive devices concurrent connection, the design of the security and efficient access authentication for massive devices is the key point to guarantee the application security under the future fifth Generation (5G) systems. The current access authentication mechanism proposed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) requires each device to execute the full access authentication process, which can not only incur a lot of protocol attacks but also result in signaling congestion on key nodes in 5G core networks when sea of devices concurrently request to access into the networks. In this paper, we design an efficient and secure privacy‐preservation access authentication scheme for massive devices in 5G wireless networks based on aggregation message authentication code (AMAC) technique. Our proposed scheme can accomplish the access authentication between massive devices and the network at the same time negotiate a distinct secret key between each device and the network. In addition, our proposed scheme can withstand a lot of protocol attacks including interior forgery attacks and DoS attacks and achieve identity privacy protection and group member update without sacrificing the efficiency. The Burrows Abadi Needham (BAN) logic and the formal verification tool: Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) and Security Protocol ANimator for AVISPA (SPAN) are employed to demonstrate the security of our proposed scheme.     

A robust ElGamal‐based password‐authentication protocol using smart card for client‐server communication

Smart card‐based client‐server authentication protocol is well popular for secure data exchange over insecure and hostile networks. Recently, Lee et al. put forward an authentication protocol by utilizing ElGamal cryptosystem and proved that it can withstand known security threats. This article evinces that the protocol of Lee et al. is unwilling to protect various important security vulnerabilities such as forgery attack and off‐line password‐guessing attack. To vanquish these loopholes, this article presents a robust authentication protocol for client‐server communication over any insecure networks. The security explanation of our protocol has done through the formal and informal mechanism and its outcome makes sure that the designed protocol is strong enough to resist the known vulnerabilities. In addition, we have simulated our protocol using ProVerif online software and its results certify that our protocol is safe against private information of the client and server. This paper also has made performance estimation of the presented protocol and others, and the outcome favors the presented protocol.     

A lightweight anonymous two‐factor authentication protocol for wireless sensor networks in Internet of Vehicles

Internet of Vehicles (IoV), as the next generation of transportation systems, tries to make highway and public transportation more secure than used to be. In this system, users use public channels for their communication so they can be the victims of passive or active attacks. Therefore, a secure authentication protocol is essential for IoV; consequently, many protocols are presented to provide secure authentication for IoV. In 2018, Yu et al proposed a secure authentication protocol for WSNs in vehicular communications and claimed that their protocol could satisfy all crucial security features of a secure authentication protocol. Unfortunately, we found that their protocol is susceptible to sensor capture attack, user traceability attack, user impersonation attack, and offline sink node's secret key guessing attack. In this paper, we propose a new authentication protocol for IoV which can solve the weaknesses of Yu et al's protocol. Our protocol not only provides anonymous user registration phase and revocation smart card phase but also uses the biometric template in place of the password. We use both Burrow‐Abadi‐Needham (BAN) logic and real‐or‐random (ROR) model to present the formal analysis of our protocol. Finally, we compare our protocol with other existing related protocols in terms of security features and computation overhead. The results prove that our protocol can provide more security features and it is usable for IoV system.     

Two-factor authenticated key agreement protocol based on biometric feature and password

A new two-factor authenticated key agreement protocol based on biometric feature and password was proposed.The protocol took advantages of the user’s biological information and password to achieve the secure communication without bringing the smart card.The biometric feature was not stored in the server by using the fuzzy extractor technique,so the sensitive information of the user cannot be leaked when the server was corrupted.The authentication messages of the user were protected by the server’s public key,so the protocol can resist the off-line dictionary attack which often appears in the authentication protocols based on password.The security of the proposed protocol was given in the random oracle model provided the elliptic computational Diffie-Hellman assumption holds.The performance analysis shows the proposed protocol has better security.     

一种鲁棒的无线传感器网络用户认证方案安全性的增强

In order to remedy the security weaknesses of a robust user authentication framework for wireless sensor networks, an enhanced user authentication framework is presented. The enhanced scheme requires proof of the possession of both a password and a smart card, and provides more security guarantees in two aspects: 1) it addresses the untraceability property so that any third party accessing the communication channel cannot link two authentication sessions originated from the same user, and 2) the use of a smart card prevents offline attacks to guess passwords. The security and efficiency analyses indicate that our enhanced scheme provides the highest level of security at reasonable computational costs. Therefore, it is a practical authentication scheme with attractive security features for wireless sensor networks.     

Privacy-preserving authenticated key agreement scheme based on biometrics for session initiation protocol

A secure key agreement scheme plays a major role in protecting communications between the users using voice over internet protocol over a public network like the internet. In this paper we present a strong security authenticated key agreement scheme for session initiation protocol (SIP) by using biometrics, passwords and smart cards. The proposed scheme realizes biometric data protection through key agreement process meanwhile achieving the verification of the biometric value on the SIP server side which is very important in designing a practical authenticated key agreement for SIP. The main merits of our proposed scheme are: (1) the SIP server does not need to maintain any password or verification table; (2) the scheme can provide user identity protection—the user’s real identity is protected by a secure symmetric encryption algorithm and the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem, and it is transmitted in code; (3) the scheme can preserve the privacy of the user’s biometric data while the biometric matching algorithm is performed at the SIP server side, even if the server does not know the biometric data in the authentication process. Performance and security analysis shows that our proposed scheme increases efficiency significantly in comparison with other related schemes.     

ACDAS: Authenticated controlled data access and sharing scheme for cloud storage

Cloud storage services require cost‐effective, scalable, and self‐managed secure data management functionality. Public cloud storage always enforces users to adopt the restricted generic security consideration provided by the cloud service provider. On the contrary, private cloud storage gives users the opportunity to configure a self‐managed and controlled authenticated data security model to control the accessing and sharing of data in a private cloud. However, this introduces several new challenges to data security. One critical issue is how to enable a secure, authenticated data storage model for data access with controlled data accessibility. In this paper, we propose an authenticated controlled data access and sharing scheme called ACDAS to address this issue. In our proposed scheme, we employ a biometric‐based authentication model for secure access to data storage and sharing. To provide flexible data sharing under the control of a data owner, we propose a variant of a proxy reencryption scheme where the cloud server uses a proxy reencryption key and the data owner generates a credential token during decryption to control the accessibility of the users. The security analysis shows that our proposed scheme is resistant to various attacks, including a stolen verifier attack, a replay attack, a password guessing attack, and a stolen mobile device attack. Further, our proposed scheme satisfies the considered security requirements of a data storage and sharing system. The experimental results demonstrate that ACDAS can achieve the security goals together with the practical efficiency of storage, computation, and communication compared with other related schemes.     

SOS: Self‐organized secure framework for VANET

While authentication is a necessary requirement to provide security in vehicular ad hoc networks, user's personal information such as identity and location must be kept private. The reliance on road side units or centralized trusted authority nodes to provide security services is critical because both are vulnerable, thus cannot be accessed by all users, which mean security absence. In this paper, we introduce a self‐organized secure framework, deployed in vehicular ad hoc networks. The proposed framework solution is designed not only to provide an effective, integrated security and privacy‐preserving mechanism but also to retain the availability of all security services even if there are no road side units at all and/or the trusted authority node is compromised. A decentralized tier‐based security framework that depends on both trusted authority and some fully trusted nodes cooperated to distribute security services is presented. Our approach combines the useful features of both Shamir secret sharing with a trust‐based technique to ensure continuity of achieving all security services. Mathematical analysis of security issues that the proposed framework achieves as well as the availability of offering security services is provided. Proposed framework examination was done to show the performance in terms of storage, computation complexity, and communication overhead as well as its resilience against various types of attacks. Comparisons with different types of security schemes showed that the protocol developed gave better results in most comparison parameters while being unique ensuring continuity of security services delivery.