双羟基染料改性有色水性聚氨酯的制备与性能

为了探究双羟基染料不同引入方式对水性聚氨酯（WPU）乳液及其成膜性能的影响,采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚四氢呋喃（PTMG）、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和1,4-丁二醇（BDO）合成了WPU乳液。将酸性红87作为扩链剂部分替代BDO制备了有色化学共聚聚氨酯（ARWPUA-1～3）乳液;将酸性红87作为软段部分替代PTMG制备了有色化学共聚聚氨酯（ARWPUB-1～3）乳液;将酸性红87与WPU共混制备了WPU/AR。采用FTIR、1HNMR和UV-Vis对样品的结构进行了表征;考察了不同有色WPU的贮存稳定性、耐溶剂性、颜色特征值、耐干/湿摩擦色牢度以及力学性能,并对其进行了分子动力学模拟。结果表明,由n(酸性红87)∶n(BDO)=1∶4制备的ARWPUA-2具有优异的贮存稳定性;在不同溶剂中均不会发生溶解脱色现象;具有良好的耐干/湿摩擦色牢度和较高的力学性能,其拉伸强度22.6 MPa,断裂伸长率为810%。     

分散红玉M—GFL染料晶型稳定性与染色性能的关系

本文对分散红玉Ｍ－ＧＦＬ（Ｃ．Ｉ．分散红７３）不同晶态的晶型稳定性,染料分散液的热稳定性与染色性能之间关系作了阐述。     

彩色光刻胶用蒽醌染料的合成及稳定性研究

为实现彩色滤光片更高分辨率的发展需求，作为关键原材料的彩色光刻胶着色剂从颜料向染料体系转变是重要的趋势。然而染料分子的光热稳定性较差，亟需从分子结构方面探索提升稳定性的有效策略。以1,4,9,10-蒽四醇为原料，合成了9种1,4-二氨基取代的蓝色蒽醌染料分子，探索了不同取代基对染料分子光物理性质、溶解性以及光热稳定性的影响。结果表明，所有染料分子在590~600 nm和630~650 nm波长范围内呈现双吸收峰性质，具有高的摩尔消光系数。其中三甘醇及单甲醚取代的染料分子热分解温度为300℃，在230℃加热0.5 h后失重约2%，365 nm波长光照射8 h后色差低于1.73，表现出优异的光热稳定性。研究为进一步制备光热稳定性优异的彩色光刻胶用染料分子奠定了基础。     

有机染料对DLP型3D打印光敏树脂的影响研究

在数字光处理技术(DLP)型3D打印机所使用的光敏树脂中,染料不仅可以控制颜色,同时还影响打印速度和打印精度。系统考察了在405 nm处有光吸收性能的5种有机染料(柠檬黄、苏丹红Ⅲ、姜黄素、栀子蓝、曙红Y)的紫外-可见吸收性能和光稳定性,以及在405 nm波长LED光源3D打印光敏树脂中的引发活性及增感活性。结果表明,在405 nm处的吸收强弱顺序为姜黄素苏丹红Ⅲ栀子蓝曙红Y≈柠檬黄;姜黄素和曙红Y在溶液中具有光不稳定性,在405 nm处吸收随着光照时间的延长逐渐降低,而栀子蓝、苏丹红Ⅲ和柠檬黄表现出良好的光稳定性。光引发活性检测结果表明,姜黄素、栀子蓝和曙红Y本身具有自由基光引发活性,曙红Y的光引发活性最高;以光引发剂二甲苯碘盐为例,考察了染料对碘盐的增感作用,结果发现曙红Y、栀子蓝和姜黄素与碘盐组成的光敏引发体系在405 nm波长LED光源下表现出高效的光引发活性。     

水溶性吲哚菁染料的合成、光谱性能及其应用的研究

设计、合成了3种水溶性吲哚菁染料（发射波长：690 nm）,用核磁共振（NMR）对其进行了表征,测试了菁染料在不同溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱;为了探讨菁染料在生物分析领域的应用性,测定3种菁染料在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）两种表面活性剂胶束模拟的生理条件下的吸收和发射光谱,利用循环伏安法（CV）测定了菁染料的光稳定性,在近红外区域观察了染料对肾癌细胞的活细胞染色性能,并计算了3种菁染料的摩尔吸光系数和荧光量子产率。     

NiCo-LDHs对阴离子染料废水的吸附性能研究

层状双金属氢氧化物（LDH）材料对阴离子染料废水具有优异的吸附作用。本文研究以三乙醇胺为碱源,通过水热法合成了NiCoLDHs材料,并讨论了NiCo-LDHs材料对日落黄（SY）、苋菜红（E123）、和亮绿（SF）等染料废水的吸附性能。通过SEM、XRD、FTIR、BET和TG对其进行表征。以阴离子染料废水为研究对象,结果表明,NiCo-LDHs对阴离子染料废水具有快速吸附能力,对三种染料的吸附性能是日落黄>苋菜红>亮绿,吸附量分别为155.14,86.79,81.15 mg/g。吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,通过0.5%的NaOH溶液可实现材料的再生。研究表示,NiCo-LDHs可以作为一种吸附材料,去除多种阴离子型染料废水。     

提高微孔聚氨酯弹性体抗紫外光老化性能的研究

分析了微孔聚氨酯弹性体材料在日光照射下发生光老化的原因。考察了抗氧剂264（BHT）、紫外线吸收剂UV－531、UV－9、UV－P对提高材料抗光老化性能的影响，实验结果表明，BHT与UV－P并同时材料具有良好的光稳定性，机械性能保持率较高。     

三阶非线性光学材料聚氨酯-酰亚胺的合成研究

以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI）和分散红-19（DR-19）合成含染料发色团的聚氨酯,进一步和二酐单体均苯四甲酸二酐（PMDA）缩合生成具有光学性能的聚氨酯-酰亚胺（PUI）;采用红外光谱（FT—IR）、示差量热扫描（DSC）、热失重分析（TGA）等手段对合成的PUI进行了表征。示差扫描量热和热失重分析结果显示,其玻璃化转变温度（％）为194℃,在5％的热失重温度为217℃,表明具有很好的热稳定性;测定了聚合物的发色团密度,其结果和理论计算值非常接近,表明聚合反应是按计量进行的;采用简单的比色法测定了聚合物材料的三阶非线性光学系数Х^（3）为2．42×10^14esu。     

蒽醌染料接枝水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯共聚乳液的合成及显色性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇（PTMG）、二羟甲基丁酸（DMBA）、1，4-丁二醇（BDO）和自制红色蒽醌染料（DYE-R）为合成聚氨酯（PU）单体，甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）作为封端剂制得双键封端的水性聚氨酯，再采用无皂乳液聚合法与丙烯酸单体（PA）共聚制备了玫红色水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯乳液，并对乳液进行测试及表征。结果表明：随着PA用量增加，乳液粒径增加，当m(PU):m(PA)为10:2时，乳液粒径为81 nm，稳定性好且有一定耐碱性；该乳液着色效果明显，热迁移率为3.54%，耐干、湿摩色牢度为4～5 级；当该乳液胶膜质量保留率为50%时，所对应温度为396.1 ℃，m(PU):m(PA)为10:2时综合性能最好。     

阳离子水性聚氨酯的合成研究

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）与聚酯二醇、亲水扩链剂和其它多元醇反应合成阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液，讨论了扩链剂的种类、加料方式、添加量及中和度等对聚酯乳液及其涂膜性能的影响。研究发现，采用N－甲基二乙醇胺为亲水扩链剂，用饥饿加料的方式，在中和度等对聚氨酯及共涂膜性能的影响。研究发现，采用N－甲基二乙醇胺为亲水扩链剂，用饥饿加料的方式，在中和度为90％－100％时合成的阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液具有良好的贮存稳定性，涂膜具有较好的机械性能和耐水性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。