植酸淀粉酯的制备工艺研究

以植酸钠为改性剂，对马铃薯淀粉进行了酯化改性。以植酸钠的取代度为指标，确定了植酸淀粉酯制备的最佳条件为：植酸钠用量2％，pH7，淀粉乳浓度30％，反应时间5．5h，反应温度50±5℃。     

辛烯基琥珀酸荸荠淀粉酯的制备与理化性质研究

以荸荠淀粉为原料,以辛烯基琥珀酸酐为酯化剂,湿法制备辛烯基琥珀酸荸荠淀粉酯,研究反应温度、反应时间、反应pH、辛烯基琥珀酸酐用量及反应初始淀粉乳浓度对辛烯基琥珀酸荸荠淀粉酯的取代度和反应效率的影响。通过单因素试验与正交试验方法,以取代度和反应效率为衡量指标,确定辛烯基琥珀酸荸荠淀粉酯最佳制备工艺。采用最优组合工艺条件制备改性淀粉酯,并与原荸荠淀粉进行理化性质比较分析。结果表明,以取代度为衡量指标,最佳制备工艺条件(优化组合1)为:反应温度40℃,反应时间6 h,pH 8.0,辛烯基琥珀酸酐用量5%,初始淀粉乳浓度40%。该条件下产品取代度为0.022 8,反应效率为59.14%。以反应效率为衡量指标,最佳制备工艺条件(优化组合2)为:反应温度40℃,反应时间6 h,pH 8.0,辛烯基琥珀酸酐用量2%,初始淀粉乳浓度40%。该条件下产品取代度为0.011 4,反应效率为73.75%。理化性质试验结果表明,与天然淀粉相比,优化组合1、优化组合2酯化改性淀粉的透明度,吸水率吸油率、抗老化性、抗凝沉性、冻融稳定性等理化性质均得到明显改善。     

银杏辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的制备及消化性能评价

以银杏淀粉为原料,对水相法制备辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的工艺进行了研究。在辛烯基琥珀酸酐添加质量分数为3.0%不变的情况下,通过单因素试验考察淀粉乳浓度、反应时间、反应温度、p H等因素对产品取代度和反应效率的影响。在此基础上,通过正交试验优化了制备银杏辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的最佳工艺参数:银杏淀粉质量分数40.0%,反应温度45.0℃,p H 8.0,反应时间4.0 h。在此工艺条件下,银杏辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯取代度可以达到0.019 36,反应效率74.42%。淀粉消化性能试验表明银杏辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯对胰淀粉酶水解作用具有良好的抵抗能力,慢消化及抗消化特性显著。     

植酸改性淀粉的制备

以植酸钠为改性剂,对淀粉进行湿法和浸渍法的酯化改性。通过正交试验,以结合磷含量为指标,确定湿法制备植酸改性淀粉的最佳条件为:植酸钠用量2%,pH7,淀粉乳浓度30%,反应时间9h,反应温度50±5℃。浸渍法制备植酸改性淀粉的最佳反应参数为植酸钠用量2%,pH7,反应温度140～160℃,反应时间2h。     

响应面法优化苹果酸淀粉酯工艺参数

以甘薯淀粉为原料,苹果酸为酯化剂,制备了苹果酸甘薯淀粉酯,考察了苹果酸与淀粉质量比(M:S)、苹果酸p H、反应时间、反应温度对苹果酸甘薯淀粉酯取代度的影响,在单因素基础上,采用响应面法优化了影响甘薯淀粉酯化得工艺参数。结果表明,制备苹果酸甘薯淀粉酯的最佳工艺条件为:苹果酸与淀粉质量比0.57,苹果酸p H2.0,反应时间6 h,反应温度160℃。在最佳条件下苹果酸甘薯淀粉酯的取代度可达0.354。     

戊二酸淀粉酯的水相法制备及其理化性质研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,戊二酸酐为酯化剂,蒸馏水为反应溶剂,研究并分析了在制备戊二酸淀粉酯的过程中淀粉乳初始浓度、反应时间、反应温度、体系p H值和戊二酸酐用量对产物取代度的影响。通过单因素实验和正交实验,得出制备戊二酸淀粉酯的最佳工艺条件:淀粉乳浓度为40%(质量分数,下同),反应时间为2 h,反应温度35℃,体系p H为8.5。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对原玉米淀粉和不同取代度的产物进行了结构表征分析。FT-IR显示戊二酸淀粉酯在1733 cm-1处和1555 cm-1处出现了新的吸收峰,其中1733 cm-1处为C=O的伸缩振动吸收峰,1555 cm-1处为游离的-COO-的反对称伸缩振动吸收峰,表明了淀粉分子中成功接入了戊二酸基团;XRD分析显示改性后的淀粉仍属于A型结晶结构,表明了反应主要发生在无定形区。     

木薯羟丙基淀粉制备工艺的研究

以木薯淀粉为原料,环氧丙烷为醚化剂,硫酸钠为淀粉膨胀抑制剂,采用湿法工艺制备木薯羟丙基淀粉,以产品摩尔取代度(MS)为评价指标,通过单因素试验分别探讨了环氧丙烷用量、硫酸钠用量、反应pH值、反应温度、反应时间等对羟丙基醚化反应的影响,在此基础上应用正交试验确定了木薯羟丙基淀粉制备的最佳工艺条件。试验结果显示:(1)随环氧丙烷用量的增大,取代度逐渐升高,反应效率逐渐降低;(2)适当提高反应pH和反应温度有利于取代度的提高,但反应pH值超过11.5和反应温度超过45℃,会导致淀粉的局部糊化,不利于醚化反应的进程。制备木薯羟丙基淀粉的最佳工艺条件为:淀粉乳浓度40%,环氧丙烷添加量10%(对干基),硫酸钠添加量12%(对干基),反应pH值11.5,反应温度40℃,反应时间22 h。所得木薯羟丙基淀粉的取代度为0.143。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的制备与性质研究

以木薯淀粉为原料,以取代度为衡量标准,采用单因素和正交试验方法研究湿法工艺制备辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,从淀粉乳的初始浓度、体系pH、反应温度、反应时间和酸酐浓度5个方面研究辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯最佳制备工艺。其最佳条件为:淀粉乳浓度35%、pH8.5、反应温度35℃、反应时间3.5h、酸酐加入量为4%,采用最佳工艺所得产品取代度为0.02。在同类研究中,降低了淀粉乳初始浓度,提高了产品取代度。利用红外分析方法和差示量热扫描仪对辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的结构进行了表征,并与木薯淀粉的结构做了对比。     

辛烯基琥珀酸碎米淀粉酯的制备

以碎米淀粉为原料,采用湿法制备辛烯基琥珀酸碎米淀粉酯,以取代度为评价指标,确定辛烯基琥珀酸酐添加量为3%,通过单因素与正交试验确定辛烯基琥珀酸碎米淀粉酯的最佳制备工艺。结果显示：淀粉乳质量分数30%、pH8.5、反应时间5h、反应温度35℃为最佳工艺条件,在此条件下所得产品取代度可达0.01445。     

氧化醋酸酯马铃薯淀粉的制备工艺

优化制备马铃薯氧化醋酸酯淀粉工艺。在单因素预试验基础上,选择次氯酸钠用量、乙酸酐用量、反应pH值、反应时间为自变量,以取代度为响应值,根据Box-Behnken原理设计试验,并进行显著性和交互作用分析。结果确定取代度的最佳工艺条件为次氯酸钠用量1.805%、淀粉与乙酸酐用量5:1、pH8.06、反应时间1.5h,在此最佳条件下,制得的氧化醋酸酯淀粉取代度为0.0975。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press