脉冲激光二极管巴条侧面泵浦Nd:YAG陶瓷瞬态热效应研究

为减弱脉冲激光二极管巴条侧面泵浦Nd:YAG陶瓷激光器热效应影响,提高谐振腔稳定性以及改善激光器性能,文中利用热传导理论对脉冲激光二极管巴条侧泵激光陶瓷产生的温升及热形变场进行了解析研究。依据脉冲激光二极管巴条侧面泵浦激光陶瓷工作状态分析,建立契合实际的热分析模型,通过热传导Poisson方程求解,得到单脉冲侧泵激光陶瓷泵浦时段与泵浦间期两个阶段温度场与热形变场的一般解析表达式。定量地分析了脉冲二极管巴条侧面泵浦Nd:YAG陶瓷三维温场分布、重复脉冲泵浦过程中温度场分布,以及不同泵浦参数对温场的影响,定量分析了达到热动态平衡时泵浦面的热形变量。计算结果表明:当泵浦光功率为60 W,重复频率为100 Hz,束腰半径为150 μm,钕离子掺杂质量分数为1.0 %时,Nd:YAG陶瓷泵浦面产生29.6 ℃的温升,泵浦面与通光面产生0.95 μm和0.99 μm的热形变量。激光陶瓷温度场解析方法解决了使用数值分析法造成研究精确度不高的问题,该方法还可以应用到激光系统的其他热问题研究中,为减弱激光系统中的热问题提供了理论依据。     

水柱导引抽运光纤激光器端面热效应分析

为了解决大功率光纤激光器严重的端面热效应问题,采用水柱导引抽运光的抽运新方法。在该抽运形式中,抽运光被耦合进由喷嘴喷出的高速水柱中,水柱以波导形式导引抽运光进入光纤。对普通端面抽运和水柱导引抽运两种抽运形式的双包层光纤激光器的抽运端的热效应进行了理论计算和分析比较,抽运功率为800W时,光纤端面温度从普通端面抽运时的250℃下降到30℃,基本接近环境温度,光纤侧面的温度也大大地降低。结果表明,水柱导引抽运冷却效果显著,特别是光纤的抽运端得到了很好的冷却,可有效地解决大功率光纤激光器的端面热损伤问题。     

Modification of emission wavelength in organic random lasers based on photonic glass

Control of the emission wavelength of a random laser (RL) system over a 7-nm waveband is demonstrated using a green-emitting π-conjugated polymer infiltrated into a photonic glass formed by nano/micro-size monodisperse silica spheres. The use of a solution-based conjugated polymer enables the complete filling of the voids within the photonic glass without suffering from quenching and the gain can therefore be maximized. The emission wavelength of these structures is set by a combination of the material system spectral gain and of the transport mean free path, the latter being controlled by the mean diameter of the spheres in the nano-scale range. Transport mean free paths of photons in the RL’s active region are calculated using Mie scattering theory and corroborated with coherent backscattering measurements. Further wavelength modification is also possible by changing the pump spot size and the pump fluence.     

基于混合抽运喇曼放大的准无损传输系统研究

为了实现信号光在光纤链路上的准无损传输,采用在光纤两端对称注入1阶和2阶喇曼抽运的高阶喇曼放大方法,对该结构下的光纤准无损传输系统建立了理论仿真模型,并对该系统进行了仿真优化,研究了在不同的1阶和2阶抽运功率组合方案下,系统总功率消耗和信号沿光纤功率平坦度的变化,以及信号光功率和光纤长度对系统性能指标的影响。结果表明,采用过高功率（大于1mW）的入射信号光,会恶化系统整体性能;当光纤的长度过长时（大于60km）,系统的平坦度指标恶化明显。采用该方案能实现60km的准无损传输,并且可以通过系统所需能耗和信号平坦度的实际需求,设计出不同的抽运功率组合方案。     

高冲程薄片激光器抽运结构的设计

为了实现薄片激光器高吸收转换效率的目的,采用多次抽运吸收的方式,结合光斑离轴非对称反射抛物面和光斑对称分布非球面的抽运结构,提出了一种可以提高非球面光束分布占空比的高冲程抽运的新方法。设计了多种不同抽运冲程的结构,使用ZEMAX模拟验证了24冲程抽运时的光路分布和光斑位置图,通过比尔吸收定律理论计算了不同抽运冲程下薄片晶体对抽运光的吸收效率。结果表明,所设计的24冲程、36冲程、40冲程和80冲程的抽运结构,其中36冲程的吸收效率的性价比最高。该研究对高功率、高冲程、小体积的抽运结构设计具有指导作用。     

Flow and heat transfer in porous micro heat sink for thermal management of high power LEDs

A novel porous micro heat sink system is presented for thermal management of high power LEDs, which has high heat transport capability. The operational principle and heat transfer characteristics of porous micro heat sink are analyzed. Numerical model for the micro heat sink is developed to describe liquid flow and heat transfer based on the local thermal equilibrium of porous media, and it is solved with SIMPLE algorithm. The numerical results show that the heated surface temperature of porous micro heat sink is low at high heat fluxes and is much less than the bearable temperature level of LED chips. The heat transfer coefficient of heat sink is very high, and increasing the liquid velocity can enhance the average heat transfer coefficient. The overall pressure loss of heat sink system increases with the increasing the inlet velocity, but the overall pressure drop is much less than the pumping pressure provided by micro pump. The micro heat sink has good performance for thermal management of high power LEDs, and it can improve the reliability and life of LEDs.     

高功率激光二极管阵列端面抽运大口径片状放大器抽运场评价方法

在高功率激光二极管阵列(LDA)端面抽运大口径放大器研究中,高效均匀的抽运耦合系统是非常重要的.为了对各种抽运耦合系统进行比较,需要对抽运场分布实现量化评价.依据抽运场分布提出一套评价方法,利用沉积效率、平均抽运密度、调制度、起伏均方根(RMS)值、均匀区尺寸等五项指标对抽运场分布进行综合评价.评价方法中既有统计量(如沉积效率、起伏RMS值、平均抽运密度),又有极值量(如调制度),还有建立在起伏RMS值统计结果基础上且满足一定条件的均匀区尺寸指标,是一套比较综合的评价方法.还提出从抽运场中间小区域开始,逐步向外扩大面积计算各指标,最后得到这些指标的变化曲线,根据这些变化曲线可对不同的耦合系统进行分析比较.对三个抽运场分布进行实例分析,结果表明,提出的评价指标和计算方法能反映出抽运场分布的抽运能沉积效率和分布起伏等关键信息.     

PLC及变频器在污水泵站控制系统中的应用

本文通过天津某污水泵站自控设计的经验,着重阐述了PLC及变频器在污水泵站控制系统中的应用。给出了PID控制的数学模型及其控制结构。采用PID控制系统的液位,实现自动调节水泵的转速及开停,起到精确控制的作用。     

LD 端面泵浦分离式放大器结构的热效应研究

对LD端面泵浦分离型激光放大介质的热效应进行了分析和研究;建立了Cr,Yb:YAG/Yb:YAG复合结构的热传导模型。采用有限元分析方法得到了介质内部的温度分布,给出了介质折射率随温度变化的计算方法并得到了出射端面波前相位分布随温度变化的情况。计算结果表明:保持泵浦光功率密度不变,在不同的泵浦时长下,介质温度以及通光方向截面折射率变化也不同。随着泵浦时间的增长,介质的温度和折射率也增大,出射端面激光光束的相位畸变同样增大。当泵浦光功率密度增大时,温度与折射率的变化趋势与泵浦时间变化时的情况较为相似。热效应随着泵浦时间的增长和泵浦光功率的增大都变得越来越严重。     

Bistable direction switching in an off-axis pumped continuous waveruby laser

A report is presented of the observation of hysteretic bistable direction switching in a single-mode CW ruby laser system. This effect is only observed when the pump beam which is focused into the ruby rod is misaligned with respect to the rod end faces. At low pump powers, the ruby lases in a mode nearly collinear with the pump axis. At a higher pump power the ruby switches to a mode that is collinear with the rod end faces and preserves the original polarization. The effect is large enough to switch the beam by an angle equal to twice the diffraction angle. The observations show that under steady-state pumping, a CW ruby laser can exhibit bistable operation in its output direction and power. A calculation using the heat equation with two concentric cylinders with one as a heat source (pump laser) and the outer wall of the other held at 77K, gives an increase in core temperature of about 0.01 K. Therefore, the increase in temperature is not large enough to change the index of refraction to account for such large macroscopic effects     

一种新型小型化高抽速的复合吸气泵

本文介绍了一种高抽速体积小巧的由溅射离子泵和吸气剂泵组合而成的复合泵,其特别适用于超高真空实验室设备、便携式真空仪器等领域。其采用吸气剂泵作为主泵,用一个小型离子泵安装在吸气剂泵的支架内用来抽除吸气剂泵无法抽除的甲烷、惰性气体等,具有结构紧凑、体积小巧、便于安装和维护,抽速高等特点。     

二极管角部抽运Nd:YAG基模激光器

为了分析角部抽运方式在中小功率激光器设计中的可行性,基于光线追迹法,计算了不同的激光介质几何结构参量和不同的二极管温度条件下角部抽运复合板条激光器的抽运效率和抽运均匀性。从模拟计算结果可知,只要选择合理的激光介质结构参量,角抽运方式能得到高的抽运效率和较好的抽运均匀性。设计了一种角部抽运Nd:YAG复合板条激光器,在45W的抽运功率下获得了12W的激光输出,光光转换效率约为26.7%,在40W抽运时光束质量Mx2=1.47,My2=1.36。理论分析和实验设计表明,角抽运方式在小功率激光器设计中是可行的。     

Efficient laser emission in concentrated Nd laser materials underpumping into the emitting level

The possibility of using concentrated Nd laser materials for efficient laser emission and for scaling to high powers is discussed. It is shown that the increased optical absorption in these materials makes direct pumping into the emitting level feasible, with a reduction of the quantum defect between the pump and emission wavelengths, which in turn can enhance the laser emission characteristics and reduce heat generation under pumping. The investigation of the effect of Nd concentration on emission decay of Nd:YAG indicates that up to quite high concentrations, the reduction of the emission quantum efficiency by self-quenching can be compensated by an increase in the pump absorption. Efficient continuous-wave laser emission is demonstrated under direct pumping into the ⁴F_3/2 emitting level of Nd:YAG crystals with up to 3.5-at.% Nd, Nd:YAG ceramics with up to 6.8-at.% Nd, and Nd:YVO₄ crystals with up to 3-at.% Nd. Superior performance as compared to traditional pumping into the ⁴F _5/2 state were obtained. It is inferred that direct pumping into the emitting level of concentrated Nd materials can improve the efficiency of solid-state lasers in the free-generation or low-storage regimes and opens the possibility of scaling these lasers to high powers     

Simulation of complex liquids in micropump

Complex liquids can be encountered in many applications of microdevices. In the present study, the performance of microscrew pump using complex liquid is investigated numerically. The microscrew pump operation depends on the surface sweep forces. It consists of a screw placed inside a microchannel. When the screw rotates, a net force is transferred to the fluid due to differential pressure on the depth of the thread and pressure gradient along the screw axis, thus causing the fluid to displace. Three-dimensional complex liquid simulations of micropump were performed.The effect of screw pitch, thread, Reynolds number and pump load on the micropump performance has been studied. The simulations of complex liquids indicate that the highest bulk velocity is achieved with high thread depth at low Reynolds number. However, effective pumping is accomplished at low Reynolds number, high pressure load and high thread depths.     

Efficient and scalable side pumping scheme for short high-power optical fiber lasers and amplifiers

A new and simple method of pumping short high-power optical fiber lasers and amplifiers is described. In our approach, several passive coreless optical fibers are brought into direct contact alongside a single rare-earth doped active fiber which constitutes the active medium of the laser (amplifier). Pump light is delivered through the passive coreless fibers and penetrates into the active fiber via evanescent field coupling. To enhance the pump absorption in the gain medium, high-order spatial modes are excited in the pump delivery fibers, and an active fiber with high concentration of the dopant ions is used. As a demonstration of the viability of our approach, test results are reported on a 12-cm-long Er/sup +3/-Yb/sup +3/ codoped phosphate glass fiber laser. The laser output reaches 5 W using 23-W pumping into six coreless fibers. Above threshold, the laser has /spl sim/24% optical-to-optical conversion efficiency (with /spl sim/64% being the theoretical maximum). The linearity of the input-output characteristic for the laser suggests that the output power can be scaled up by applying higher pump power.     

High-power optically pumped 1550-nm VECSEL with a bonded silicon heat spreader

We present an optically pumped 1550-nm vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser with improved output power and operating temperature using a bonded heat spreader. The laser comprises an InGaAsP-based gain element, with a resonant periodic gain structure on top of a distributed Bragg reflector, and a high reflectivity spherical mirror as the external reflector. Heat transport is enhanced by a Si heat spreader bonded to the InGaAsP surface by liquid capillary bonding. Optical pumping is achieved using a 1250-nm fiber Raman laser. A maximum continuous output power of 250 mW was obtained under multitransverse mode operation at 240 K. Under operation in the fundamental near-Gaussian mode, we obtained a maximum power of 230 mW with a beam quality factor (M/sup 2/) of 1.22. At room temperature, the output power was limited to 12 mW.     

KTP光学参量振荡器输出激光的空间模式和光束质量

理论上通过二维傅里叶变换求解耦合波方程 ,分析了KTP光学参量振荡器 (OPO)信号光的空间分布 ;实验上利用Nd∶YAG倍频激光 ( 5 3 2nm)抽运非临界 (θ =90°,φ=0°) 及临界相位匹配KTP (θ =62 7°,φ=0°) OPO ,测量了参量光的空间分布、远场发散角及M2 因子等参数 ,讨论了抽运功率、谐振腔长、残余光后向二次抽运对OPO参量光的发散角和光束质量因子M2 的影响。     

一种低压改进型MOS电荷泵电路的设计

针对使用标准CMOS技术实现的传统电荷泵输出电压较低的不足,文中提出将基本的电荷转移开关进行改进的MOS电荷泵,在泵送增益增加电路的基础上,通过在泵的输出级增加第3个控制信号来提高电荷泵的电压增益,以得到更高的输出电压,将其作为无线传感器的能量收集电路。仿真结果表明,该改进型电荷泵电路适合于低电压设备,并具有较高的泵送增益。其输出电压在同类电荷泵中最高,在1.5 V电源条件下,可高达8.5 V。     

油气水井远程监控系统开发与应用

油气水井监控系统适用于抽油机井、螺杆泵井、电泵井、自喷井、气举井、注水井,该系统通过安装在个测量点上的压力传感器、温度传感器、示功终端、电参数模块、流量计、现场音频视频设备等采集到各参数,可以自动分析动液面来智能调节抽油机的冲次,从而使泵处于最佳沉没度.现场的所有传感器都是无线的,现场不需布线,载荷传感器通过测量加速度来获取位移.     

Pump wavelength independent gain with bidirectionally pumped alumino-silicate erbium-doped fiber amplifiers in the 800 nm pump band

Using a comprehensive computer model, it was shown that the effects of excited state absorption (ESA), in the 800 nm pump band, in alumino-phosphate-silicate (APS) erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) can be reduced significantly by using bidirectional pumping. If a band optimum length (BOL) is selected, a near optimum small signal gain (SSG) can be constant over broad pump wavelength regions due to the combined effects of ESA and ground state absorption (GSA). Hence, multilongitudinal mode, high power, reliable and inexpensive GaAlAs laser diodes can be used as pumping sources for EDFAs having SSG > 40 dB, noise figures of <4 dB, and output signal powers approaching 100 mW. These fibre amplifiers could be used as line repeaters, preamplifiers, and power amplifiers in different lightwave systems.<>