A continuously tunable microwave photonic notch filter with complex coefficient based on phase modulation

A continuously tunable microwave photonic notch filter with complex coefficient based on phase modulation is proposed and demonstrated. The complex coefficient is generated using a Fourier-domain optical processor (FD-OP) to control the amplitude and phase of the optical carrier and radio-frequency (RF) phase modulation sidebands. By controlling the FD-OP, the frequency response of the filter can be tuned in the full free spectral range (FSR) without changing the shape and the FSR of the frequency response. The results show that the center frequency of the notch filter can be continuously tuned from 17.582 GHz to 29.311 GHz with FSR of 11.729 GHz. The shape of the frequency response keeps unchanged when the phase is tuned.     

A widely tunable microwave photonic notch filter with adjustable bandwidth based on multi-wavelength fiber laser

A widely tunable microwave photonic notch filter with adjustable bandwidth based on multi-wavelength fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated. The multi-wavelength fiber laser generates the multi-taps of the microwave photonic filter (MPF). In order to obtain notch frequency response, a Fourier-domain optical processor (FD-OP) is introduced to control the amplitude and phase of the optical carrier and phase modulation sidebands. By adjusting the polarization controller (PC), different numbers of taps are got, such as 6, 8, 10 and 12. And the wavelength spacing of the multi-wavelength laser is 0.4 nm. The bandwidth of the notch filter is changed by adjusting the number of taps and the corresponding bandwidths are 4.41 GHz, 3.30 GHz, 2.64 GHz and 2.19 GHz, respectively. With the additional phase shift introduced by FD-OP, the notch position is continuously tuned in the whole free spectral range (FSR) of 27.94 GHz. The center frequency of the notch filter can be continuously tuned from 13.97 GHz to 41.91 GHz. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11444001), and the Municipal Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin in China (No.14JCYBJC16500). E-mail:cynever@163.com      

全新布里渊散射可切换微波光子滤波器

提出了一个新的基于布里渊散射效应的微波光子滤波器。该滤波器可通过调谐系统中光滤波器的中心波长,实现高解析度带通滤波器与陷波滤波器之间的灵活切换,并且通过调谐产生受激布里渊散射的泵浦光的波长可实现滤波器通带或阻带的中心频率在很大频率范围内连续调谐。该滤波器为全光结构,因此具有非常大的调谐范围（调谐上限仅受限于试验中使用的矢量网络分析仪的显示频率上限）。系统中采用相位调制器,因此没有偏置电压漂移问题。实验结果展示了一个带通与陷波滤可灵活切换的高解析度微波光子滤波器,并且通带和阻带的中心频率在9～26.5 GHz范围内连续可调谐,其中带通滤波器的通带具有极窄3 dB带宽,约28 MHz（由光纤本身布里渊增益区线宽所决定）。     

基于可调谐真相移的可调谐光电振荡器

提出一种基于真相移(TPS)实现可调谐光电振荡器( OEO)的方案。只需通过调谐Mach-Zehnder 调制器(MZM)的偏置电压,就可以实现可谐滤波器的频谱响应的改变,即可实现TPS滤波器。 其中,两个抽头的可调谐滤波器是由双光源、双调制器以及叠印光栅来实现。OEO的输出频 率由二抽头可调 谐滤波器的峰值频率决定,而滤波器可调谐,这样就可以实现输出OEO的输出频率可调。 仿真结果表明,输出频率可以实现5～10GHz宽带宽可调谐。     

A tunable microwave photonic filter with complex coefficient based on slicing spectrum and stimulated Brillouin scattering

In this paper,we propose a method to realize microwave photonic filter(MPF) with complex coefficient,whose central frequency f 0 and 3 dB bandwidth are tunable.The complex coefficient is realized by multi-wavelength optical source and stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS).The central frequency of the filter is tuned by adjusting the phase shift caused by SBS without changing its frequency response.The frequency selectivity of filter can be improved through increasing the bandwidth of broadband optical source(BOS) or decreasing wavelength separation to increase the taps of MPF.The mainlobeto-sidelobe suppression ratio(MSSR) of the filter is affected by the weight of each tap.When the length of fiber is 0.5544 m in birefringence fiber loop mirror(FLM),the MSSR is improved by 18.55 dB compared with that without the weight controlling.     

基于级联调制器和四波混频效应的24倍频微波信号的光学生成

提出了一种基于级联马赫-曾德尔调制器 (MZM)和半导体光放大器(SOA)的24倍频微波信号 光学生成方案,具有覆盖频段高、杂波抑制效果好等优点。在本方案中,低频微波信号分别 通过两个级联 MZM对连续光源进行调制,调节直流偏置使两个MZM均工作在最大偏置点,以抑制奇数阶光分 量;进一 步调节两个MZM的调制深度,并结合可调谐电相移器(TEPS)和可调谐光相移器(TOPS)引入相 移,完全抑 制第2个MZM输出的±2阶光分量和光载波,得到±4阶光分量;再经过SOA发生四波混频(FWM )效应,形成±12 阶光分量;滤波后拍频可以获得24倍频微波信号。最后,搭建了实验和仿真系统,分别以11．0GHz,11.5GHz和12.0GHz的微波信号为驱动,得到间隔为264、276GH z和288GHz的±12阶光边带,有效验证了方案的可行性。     

基于双光源的可调谐微波光子滤波器

提出了一种基于双光源与双相移光纤光栅(DPS- FBG)的可调谐微波光子滤波器。双光源经过相 位调制后,利用DPS-FBG的反射模式中的两超窄陷波分别对两相位调制光信号的边带进行抑 制,实现相 位调制至强度调制的转换。通过调节两光源的中心波长可以实现单通带与双通带之间的切换 ,实现单通带 的中心频率可调以及3dB带宽可调,实现双通带频率同时可调或者单独可调。建立了理论模 型并进行了数 值分析,最后通过实验进行了验证。实现了滤波器通带的3dB带宽由180MHz增加为319MHz,中心频率从1GHz到7GHz可调。     

A tunable optoelectronic oscillator based on a tunable microwave attenuator

A novel realization of a wideband tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on dual-port electrode Mach–Zehnder modulator (DMZM), a tunable microwave attenuator (TMA), and a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) is proposed and demonstrated. By simply adjusting the power ratio between the two arms of DMZM, the chirp of the DMZM will be tuned, and the center frequency of the microwave photonic filter will be tuned. When the OEO loop in the proposed system is closed, the output frequency of OEO is determined by the microwave photonic filter, and a high spectral purity microwave signal with a tunable frequency from 5.8 to 11 GHz is generated. The single sideband (SSB) phase noise of the generated signal could reach −107.4 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 10 kHz.     

A Tunable Photonic Microwave Filter With a Complex Coefficient Using an Optical RF Phase Shifter

A novel tunable photonic microwave filter with complex coefficients is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The complex coefficient is generated using a wideband tunable optical RF phase shifter that consists of two electrooptic intensity modulators. The phase of the RF signal is shifted by simply adjusting the bias voltages applied to the two electrooptic intensity modulators, and the phase shift remains constant over the microwave spectral region of interest. A two-tap photonic microwave filter with one tunable complex coefficient, with a wide and continuous tuning range, is experimentally demonstrated.     

基于载波和边带相位控制的微波光子移相器

为了实现一种360°相移新型微波光子移相器，通过使用一个相位调制器、延迟线和光学滤波器来控制载波和边带的相位，最终控制射频信号的相位。相位调制器只需控制一个电压来调节移相角度，减少了使用复杂双平行马赫-曾德尔调制器所导致的漂移带来的影响，具有结构简单、成本较低等优点。结果表明，仿真验证的微波光子移相器可以在0GHz~40GHz频率范围内实现从0°~360°的全相移范围，并且在同一输出相位情况下，频率在0GHz~40GHz范围内，功率基本保持不变。此研究对微波光子移相器技术有一定参考意义。     

Generation and distribution of a wide-band continuously tunable millimeter-wave signal with an optical external modulation technique

A new technique to generate and distribute a wide-band continuously tunable millimeter-wave signal using an optical external modulator and a wavelength-fixed optical notch filter is proposed. The optical intensity modulator is biased to suppress the odd-order optical sidebands. The wavelength-fixed optical notch filter is then used to filter out the optical carrier. Two second-order optical sidebands are obtained at the output of the notch filter. A millimeter-wave signal that has four times the frequency of the microwave drive signal is generated by beating the two second-order optical sidebands at a photodetector. Since no tunable optical filter is used, the system is easy to implement. A system using an LiNbO/sub 3/ intensity modulator and a fiber Bragg grating filter is built. A stable and high spectral purity millimeter-wave signal tunable from 32 to 50 GHz is obtained by tuning the microwave drive signal from 8 to 12.5 GHz. The integrity of the generated millimeter-wave signal is maintained after transmission over a 25-km standard single-mode fiber. Theoretical analysis on the harmonic suppression with different modulation depths and filter attenuations is also discussed.     

Chirped Microwave Pulse Generation Using a Photonic Microwave Delay-Line Filter With a Quadratic Phase Response

We propose an optical approach to generating chirped microwave pulses using a photonic microwave delay-line filter (PMDLF) with a quadratic phase response. If a chirp-free broadband microwave pulse is inputted into the filter, a chirped microwave pulse is generated thanks to the quadratic phase response of the filter. To design a PMDLF with a quadratic phase response, complex tap coefficients are required, which is hard to implement in the optical domain. In this letter, a PMDLF with equivalent complex coefficients implemented based on a nonuniformly spaced delay-line structure is demonstrated. Since only positive coefficients are required, the filter is easy to implement. A design example is provided. A five-tap PMDLF to generate a chirped microwave pulse with a chirp rate of 13.2 GHz/ns is then experimentally demonstrated.     

基于光子芯片的微波光子混频器 （特邀）

提出了一种由光生本振单元和波长分离调制单元组成的微波光子混频方法,并在绝缘体上硅材料上设计实现了上述波长分离调制芯片。该芯片集成了硅基相位调制器、微环滤波器、光电探测器、光耦合器和光栅耦合器。实验搭建了基于该波长分离调制芯片的微波光子次谐波混频系统,结果表明,该微波光子混频器可以将6~16 GHz的RF信号变频到33~23 GHz。此外,针对实验系统中残留的混频杂散,分别提出了增加微环滤波器抑制比降低泄露光生本振强度和引入光移相器修正泄漏光生本振相位两种解决方案。通过仿真验证可知,引入光移相器的方法更为简单,更适合于光子集成芯片。     

基于半导体激光器窄线宽光子微波信号获取

为了研究光注入半导体激光器(SL)产生的光子微波信号的性能, 基于SL的速率方程和光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)滤波理论, 采用数值仿真的方法进行了理论分析, 得到了各种注入参量下的光谱、功率谱和线宽, 并讨论了反馈参量对微波线宽的影响, 考虑到光注入下产生的微波线宽较宽, 进一步引入FBG光反馈窄化了微波信号的线宽。结果表明, 当SL仅在光注入作用下时, 通过改变注入参量, 可实现微波频率连续可调谐和微波强度最大化; 微波线宽随着反馈强度的增加逐渐变窄, 通过适当调节反馈参量可将微波线宽压缩到10kHz以下。该研究结果可为半导体激光器在光生微波中的应用提供一定的理论参考。     

Dual-band bandpass tunable microwave photonic filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering

A dual-band bandpass microwave photonic filter(MPF) based on stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. Two separated tunable laser sources(TLSs) are employed to generate two passbands by implementing phase modulation to amplitude modulation conversion by using SBS induced sideband amplification. The center frequencies of both passbands can be independently tuned ranging from 1 GHz to 19 GHz. High resolution with 3 d B bandwidth less than 30 MHz and large out-of-band rejection about 40 d B under 25 m W optical pump power are achieved.     

A variable coefficient microwave photonic filter based on multi-wavelength fiber laser and Mach-Zehnder interferometer

A microwave photonic filter（MPF） with variable coefficient is proposed and demonstrated, which is constructed by a multi-wavelength fiber laser and Mach-Zehnder interferometer（MZI）. Through changing the slope characteristics of Mach-Zehnder interference spectrum adjusted by optical variable delay line（OVDL）, the conversion from phase modulation（PM） to intensity modulation（IM） is realized. The multi-wavelength fiber laser with Lyot-Sagnac optical filter has variable wavelength spacing. So the designed filter has a variable number of taps and tap weights. As a result, the tunable range of passband center frequency is 2.6 GHz. The reconfigurability of MPF can be also realized by adjusting the output of fiber laser.     

A high-Q microwave photonic filter by using an SOA-based active mode-locked fiber ring laser

A high-Q microwave photonic filter using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based mode-locking fiber ring laser is proposed, analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed microwave photonic filter can realize a high-Q frequency response, it is compact without an optical source, and it can be easily tuned by adjusting an optical variable delay line in a ring cavity. A result with a Q-factor of about 236 and a rejection ratio of about 45 dB is obtained. The measured results and the theoretical estimations agree very well.     

Microwave Correlator Based on a Nonuniformly Spaced Photonic Microwave Delay-Line Filter

We propose and demonstrate a novel technique to perform matched filtering of a phase-coded microwave signal using a photonic microwave delay-line filter. The photonic microwave delay-line filter is designed to have a frequency response that is conjugate to the spectrum of the phase-coded microwave signal. To implement the delay-line filter, the tap coefficients are usually complex, which is difficult to implement in the optical domain. In this letter, a photonic microwave delay-line filter with equivalent complex coefficients implemented using an all-positive- coefficient photonic microwave delay-line filter based on a nonuniformly spaced delay-line structure is proposed. Since only positive coefficients are required, the implementation of the filter is greatly simplified. An experiment is performed. The decoding of a 6.75-GHz binary-phase-coded microwave signal is experimentally demonstrated.      

基于重构等效啁啾超结构光纤光栅的可调谐微波光子滤波器的仿真研究

提出了一种新型的基于重构等效啁啾(REC)超结构光纤光栅的可调谐微波光子滤波器的结构。根据REC技术, 利用同一块均匀相位掩模板可以灵活地设计制作出具有不同斜率的线性群时延的光纤光栅。作为有限冲击响应(FIR)滤波器的抽头延时单元, 不同光纤光栅之间群时延的差值决定了滤波器的自由频程(FSR)。通过改变可调谐激光器的输出波长来选择不同的抽头间时延差从而达到调谐FSR目的。仿真结果表明, 该滤波器可以实现中心频率从21 GHz到33 GHz的连续可调。事实上, 由于REC技术的灵活性, 在理论上对于任意给定的频段和调谐范围, 这种新型的滤波器结构都能够实现。     

Demonstration of incoherent microwave photonic filters with all-optical complex coefficients

We propose and demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge an incoherent microwave photonic filter with complex coefficients implemented in the optical domain. The system is based on a tunable optically induced RF phase-shift that is obtained by means of a novel optical signal processing technique that makes combined use of optical single-sideband modulation and stimulated Brillouin scattering. A two-tap filter is built demonstrating full tunability of its frequency response by dynamically changing the phase shift of a complex coefficient.