渗铝改性离子镀NiCrAlY涂层的高温热腐蚀行为

为了进一步改善离子镀NiCrAlY涂层的抗热腐蚀性能,采用粉末包埋法在离子镀NiCrAlY涂层表面上进行渗铝,研究了涂层渗铝前后在850℃含氯硫酸盐膜下的热腐蚀行为.结果表明:在25%NaCl 75%Na2SO4熔盐中850℃热腐蚀40h时,未渗铝的NiCrAlY涂层生成的是外层以Cr2O3为主的氧化膜,渗铝后的NiCrAlY涂层仅生成一层Al2O3膜;未渗铝的NiCrAlY涂层在腐蚀50h后失去保护作用,而渗铝涂层在腐蚀100h后表面仍形成以Al2O3为主的保护膜.因此,渗铝处理可以明显提高原涂层的抗热腐蚀性能.     

退火处理对离子镀NiCrAlY涂层热腐蚀性能的影响

为了进一步改善离子镀NiCrAlY涂层的抗热腐蚀性能,对NiCrAlY涂层在1050℃进行真空退火2h,研究了涂层退火前后的热腐蚀行为.结果表明,退火处理消除了离子镀NiCrAlY涂层的一些孑L洞,涂层形成了γ/γ' β多相平衡组织,使涂层组织更致密;在25%NaCl 75%Na2SO4(质量分数)盐膜下850℃热腐蚀20h时,未退火的NiCrAlY涂层生成的是外层Cr2O3、内层Al2O3的双层氧化膜,退火后的NiCrAlY涂层仅生成一层Al2O3膜,孕育期增长,在一定程度上提高了抗热腐蚀寿命.     

渗铝镍基高温合金热腐蚀行为研究

采用低压气相渗铝工艺制备铝化物涂层 ,在涂层表面涂敷不同NaCl+Na2 SO4 含量的熔盐进行 90 0℃热腐蚀实验 .结果表明 ,涂层对NaCl含量不敏感 ,这与涂层表面生成Al2 O3 氧化膜有关 .涂层能有效提高合金抗热腐蚀性能 .     

Al-Cr涂层对TC21合金抗氧化和热腐蚀性能的影响

采用双辉等离子表面渗铬和后续多弧离子镀铝处理在TC21合金表面制备Al-Cr涂层;同时研究Al-Cr涂层在850℃下的高温氧化行为和850℃下25%NaCl+75%Na_2SO_4(质量分数)混合盐中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:Al-Cr复合涂层包括表面富Al沉积层、中间Al-Cr扩散层和内侧Cr-Ti互扩散层。在850℃氧化100 h后,Al-Cr涂层表面生成致密Al_2O_3膜,对基体有很好的保护作用;中间Al-Cr扩散层中Cr元素的存在促进Al的选择性氧化,有利于涂层的后续氧化行为。在850℃混合熔盐中腐蚀100 h后,内部Cr-Ti扩散区仍保持完整,涂层表现出较好的热腐蚀抗力。     

Al/Cr复合涂层对Ti2AlNb合金抗热腐蚀性能的影响

目的改善Ti2AlNb合金在高温腐蚀盐环境中的耐热腐蚀性能。方法在Ti2AlNb合金表面通过双层辉光等离子渗铬及磁控溅射镀铝技术制备Al/Cr复合涂层,分析涂层热腐蚀前后的微观形貌和物相组成,并探究涂覆Na2SO4盐膜的试样在不同温度下(750、850、950℃)的热腐蚀行为。结果Al/Cr复合涂层组织均匀致密,且与基体结合良好,厚度约73μm,由表及里依次由Al沉积层、Al/Cr合金层、Cr沉积层、Cr扩散层四部分组成。经不同温度Na2SO4盐热腐蚀后,Al/Cr复合涂层腐蚀程度均显著小于合金基体。涂层试样经750~850℃Na2SO4盐热腐蚀后质量变化较小,850℃腐蚀增重仅0.525 mg/cm^2,而经历950℃、40 h熔盐热腐蚀后失重达到73.571 mg/cm^2,且试样截面出现剥离、脱落现象,Al/Cr复合涂层抵抗热腐蚀能力减弱。结论具有涂层保护的试样抗热腐蚀性能明显优于合金基体。Al/Cr复合涂层在750~850℃Na2SO4盐环境中具有良好的热腐蚀抗力,而更高温度段(850~950℃)的热腐蚀抗力下降。Al/Cr复合涂层在Na2SO4盐环境中良好的抗热腐蚀性得益于涂层中Al、Cr元素氧化形成以Al2O3、Cr2O3为主的混合氧化膜,有效阻碍外界氧气及腐蚀性介质侵入基体。     

TiAl合金表面搪瓷基复合涂层与多弧离子镀NiCrAlY涂层的抗热腐蚀行为对比研究

以Ti-45Al-2Mn-2Nb合金为基体,采用多弧离子镀制备NiCrAlY涂层、喷涂-烧结法制备搪瓷基复合涂层,对比研究了2种涂层以及合金基体的热腐蚀行为。热腐蚀实验温度为850℃,选用饱和盐溶液溶质成分为75%Na_2SO_4+25%NaCl (质量分数),涂盐量为1.5～2.5 mg/cm~2。研究结果表明,合金基体完全不具备抗热腐蚀能力,表面形成的氧化膜疏松多孔,且极易剥落;NiCrAlY涂层表面生成的保护性Al_2O_3膜提高了合金的抗热腐蚀能力,然而涂层与基体间严重的互扩散及Al_2O_3膜与熔盐的碱性溶解使得NiCrAlY涂层逐渐失效,热腐蚀60 h即出现氧化膜的剥落;而搪瓷基复合涂层在熔盐环境中只发生了轻微的物理溶解,具有极高的热稳定性及较低的热腐蚀速率,有效地阻隔了腐蚀性离子的入侵,抗热腐蚀性能优异。     

三种β-NiAl相材料的短期热腐蚀行为比较研究

在Ni-30Al(mass%,下同)和Ni-20Cr-10Al铸态合金上进行粉末包埋渗铝,分别得到纯β-NiAl相涂层和β-(Ni,Cr)Al相涂层.在这两种渗铝试样和铸态Ni-20Cr-13Al合金(含β-NiAl、γ′-Ni3Al、α-Cr相)上涂覆了硫酸钠薄膜,进行900℃热腐蚀测试.经过10小时热腐蚀测试后,三种试样表面均生成Al2O3膜.腐蚀动力学分析表明,Cr对提高材料的抗热腐蚀性能是有益的;Ni-20Cr-10Al渗铝涂层试样的增重最低,仅为铸态Ni-20Cr-13Al合金试样增重的80%左右,Ni-30Al渗铝涂层试样增重的50%左右.     

K452合金表面CVD渗铝涂层制备温度对其750℃硫酸盐热腐蚀行为的影响

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在K452合金表面沉积渗铝涂层,沉积温度分别为850、950和1050℃。研究了沉积温度对CVD渗铝涂层在750℃空气中表面沉积Na₂SO₄及Na₂SO₄+NaCl环境下热腐蚀行为的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对腐蚀前和后的试样进行截面形貌观察和物相结构分析。结果表明,在750℃下表面沉积Na₂SO₄及Na₂SO₄+NaCl热腐蚀50 h后,3种涂层试样均表现出了较K452合金更好的抗热腐蚀性能,且涂层的抗热腐蚀性能随着涂层沉积温度的增加而增强。     

DD98M纳米晶AlSi渗层制备及抗高温腐蚀性能研究

采用磁控溅射技术在DD98M合金表面制备了同成份的纳米晶,采用多弧离子镀技术在DD98M纳米晶涂层表面沉积了AlSi涂层,对上述制备态纳米晶+AlSi复合涂层进行了真空扩散处理,得到了外层为β-NiAl层、内层为γ'-Ni_3Al层的双层结构复合涂层。研究了合金、DD98M纳米晶涂层及复合涂层在1050℃恒温氧化及900℃下Na_2SO_4+25%K_2SO_4混合熔盐体系中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:1050℃恒温氧化时,DD98M合金表面生成NiO,α-Al_2O_3,Ta_(0.8)O_2,CrTaO_4及NiAl_2O_4等组成的混合氧化物膜,氧化膜开裂剥落严重。纳米晶涂层表面生成α-Al_2O_3和少量NiAl_2O_4组成的混合氧化物膜,复合涂层表面形成了均匀致密的单一α-Al_2O_3膜。纳米晶涂层和复合涂层大幅提高了合金的抗恒温氧化性能。在900℃下Na_2SO_4+25%K_2SO_4熔盐中,DD98M合金20 h后即发生了灾难性腐蚀,沉积态纳米晶及其预氧化涂层提高了合金的抗热腐蚀性能,复合涂层大幅提高了合金的抗热腐蚀性能。     

电弧离子镀NiCrAlY涂层对镍基单晶合金热腐蚀行为的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在镍基单晶合金表面沉积Ni28Cr11Al0.5Y涂层,研究镍基单晶合金及其Ni28Cr11Al0.5Y涂层在900℃的75%Na2SO4+25%K2SO4(质量分数)熔盐中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:镍基单晶合金受到了严重的热腐蚀,镍基单晶合金内部出现了严重的内硫化和内氧化现象,且内硫化物区域和内氧化物区域出现明显分层结构,与外腐蚀层相邻的区域为内氧化区域,远离外腐蚀层的基体内部形成内硫化区域;而Ni28Cr11Al0.5Y涂层在热腐蚀过程中,表面生成连续的Al2O3氧化膜,且随腐蚀时间延长,Al2O3氧化膜的厚度增大,表现出优良的抗热腐蚀性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。