Environmental applications of mineral processing technologies

Traditional mineral processing technologies are finding application in the environmental arena for remediation (cleanup) and recycling processes. This paper presents examples of ways in which crushing and grinding, sizing, washing and scrubbing, gravity concentration, magnetic separation, and liquid/solid separation have been effectively used in environmental applications. Specific reference is given to comminution of a low-level nuclear waste as feed preparation for stabilization,magnetic separation of hazardous brass forndry sand waste to recycle steel shot, brass, and sand, and a process proposed for remediating a battery recycle site in Oregon.     

基因矿物加工工程研究

矿床成因、矿石性质、矿物特性等与可选性密切相关,是选矿工艺的决定性因素,具有"基因属性","基因表达"同样适用于矿物加工学科领域。传统的矿物加工技术研究开发模式对上述重要的基因特性缺乏深入系统的研究、测试和总结,大量历史选矿试验数据、工艺矿物学研究数据、设计数据、生产数据等数据库没有建立起来,矿物加工工艺研发和工程设计与现代信息化技术没有深度融合,这使得目前选矿工艺研究存在开发周期长、成本高、效率低、重复试验、先进技术经验难以有效传承等弊端。为了充分利用矿物的基因特性,有效克服矿物加工技术研发过程中的弊端,提出了"基因矿物加工工程"的理念和思路,并开展了战略咨询研究。主要研究内容包括:1)基因特性的测试与提取;2)基因矿物加工工程数据库与数据仓库的建设;3)选矿工艺流程智能决策系统;4)选矿验证试验;5)虚拟选矿厂。其技术路线是以矿床成因、矿石性质、矿物特性等矿物加工的"基因"特性研究与测试为基础,建立和应用数据库,经过智能推荐、模拟仿真和有限的选矿验证试验,快捷、高效、精准地选择选矿技术和工艺流程。此三位一体的基因矿物加工工程的系统研究,将对矿物加工试验研究和工程转化的传统模式带来突破性的创新,为新建选矿厂的设计或老选矿厂的技术改造提供支撑。     

Kernel-based fault diagnosis on mineral processing plants

Safe operation, environmental issues, as well as economic considerations all form part of the wide range of driving forces for the development of better fault diagnostic systems on process plants. The continuous search for novel methods for fault detection and identification resulting from these incentives has recently drawn attention to support vector machines as a means towards improved fault diagnosis. These kernel-based methods are in theory capable of better generalization, particularly as far as large systems are concerned, since their performance is not dependent on the number of variables under consideration and recent studies underlined their promising role in diagnostic systems. However, integration of these methods into the classical multivariate statistical process control framework is complicated by difficulties in the identification of the original variables associated with detected faults.In this paper, a general strategy for process fault diagnosis is proposed. First, kernel methods are used to remove nonlinear structure from the data, if present, after which the residuals from the data are used to monitor the process. A novel element of the strategy is the use of one-class support vector machines to estimate nonparametric confidence limits for these residuals. Using these limits in conjunction with Gower and Hand biplots and standard statistics collectively constitute a powerful approach to monitoring process systems, as demonstrated by several case studies on mineral processing systems.     

Predicting variation in planned mineral processing plants

It is reasonably common for mineral processing plants to perform poorly compared to the expectations of the people who designed and built them. However, such failures are seldom discussed in public. This paper argues using a mythical example that such failures are often due to inadequate consideration of the likely amount of variation in the material which will flow through the plant. A suggested way of considering the likely amount of variation is given in the form of a few key questions with some ideas about how these questions might be answered in practice.     

Axial inlet cyclone for mineral processing applications

An axial inlet cyclone was developed and tested for wet size classification of particulate materials with the purpose of providing an alternative to the tangential inlet cyclone used traditionally in the mineral processing industry. The proposed device shared many of the fundamental features of a conventional cyclone, but had a circular opening on the roof of the cylindrical section and surrounding the vortex finder for feed entry, instead of a tangential inlet. The feed material spiraled down through that opening and generated the necessary spin for separation inside the cyclone. Experimental work was carried out on a sample of copper–nickel mill tailings having a particle size of 91% passing 300 μm, and the performance of the cyclone was evaluated at different inlet pressures, feed pulp densities and vortex finder lengths.In comparison to the tangential inlet cyclone, the axial inlet cyclone provided higher throughputs, coarser cut-sizes in relatively dilute pulps, and greater flexibility and control over the cyclone separation process.     

用Excel进行选矿数学建模

利用Excel建立曲线拟合模型的方法，可以灵活地解决矿物加工工程中遇到数学建模和应用的问题。文章以分配曲线为例，详细介绍多曲线中拟合模型的过程。     

能带理论及其在选矿中的研究现状

论述了能带理论的主要内容及其常用的计算方法,并介绍了能带理论在选矿中应用进展,包括黄药与硫化矿物的作用机理、半导体矿物-溶液界面的电子能级分布模型、电化学调控浮选模型、细菌对硫化矿氧化浸出的影响等。     

计算机仿真技术在选矿中的应用

根据选矿中的一些通用数学模型,利用MATLAB中的Simulink软件工具,构建了分批磨矿模块库和分批浮选模块库,介绍了其构建原理。通过计算机仿真,分批磨矿试验的仿真结果符合分批磨矿过程的客观规律,分批浮选仿真试验回收率的仿真值与试验值非常吻合。试验结果表明,基于MATLAB／Simulink的计算机仿真技术在选矿厂的优化控制等方面具有良好的可行性。     

WWW与选矿MIS数据库的集成

介绍了 WWW与 MIS数据库的连接技术及在选矿厂管理信息系统中的应用 ,为矿山企业建立基于 Intranet的 MIS系统奠定了基础 ,提供了实现方法 ,为同类系统的建造提供了有益的借鉴     

铀矿选矿技术研究进展与展望

介绍国内外铀矿选矿近50年来的进展.重点是铀矿石的放射性分选及分选机,并对选矿与水冶的结合及选矿今后的发展进行了评估.     

流态化矿物分选技术的研究进展

综述了国内外气固流化床分离研究的现状，介绍了近年来气固流化床以及振动流化床分选矿物，特别是煤炭的基础及应用研究进展情况，指出了气固流化床分离研究的发展方向和应用前景。     

多因素复杂选矿试验中最佳条件的选择

对在实验室和现场多因素复杂选矿试验中常用的选择最佳条件的方法所存在的优缺点进行了分析,试探用一种试验、数据处理和优化相结合的方法来解决多因素复杂试验中当难控因素存在时最佳条件选择的问题,并以磁力水力旋流器为例说明之.     

选矿技术在环境工程中的应用

概述了选矿技术在水质净化、空气污染控制以及固体废物及城市垃圾处理等环境工程中的诸多应用     

WWW与选矿MIS数据库的集成

介绍了WWW与MIS数据库的连接技术及在选矿厂管理信息系统中的应用,为矿山企业建立基于Intranet的MIS系统奠定了基础,提供了实现方法,为同类系统的建造提供了有益的借鉴。     

选矿技术在环境工程中的应用

概述了选矿技术在水质净化、空气污染控制以及固体废物及城市垃圾处理等环境工程中的诸多应用.     

铁镁质硅酸镍矿的离析选别试验研究

针对铁镁质硅酸镍矿的选别,提出采用氯化离析-磁选工艺进行富集,通过试验探索出离析工艺的有关影响因素,找出了离析工艺的较佳操作条件.     

Ion flotation - potential applications to mineral processing

The technique of ion flotation provides a simple physical method for concentrating the ions present in very dilute liquors. The ions in the liquor, with the aid of a suitable surfactant, adsorb at the surface of rising air bubbles, and report to a froth product. The purpose of this article is to provide the mineral processing industry with a structured and up to date review of the ion flotation subject, to examine some recent developments, and to indicate some potential applications of the technique. Following a discussion of the ion flotation phenomenology and general nomenclature, important issues concerning the product grade, the selectivity of reagents, flotation kinetics, and other operating variables are examined. Finally, the potential applications of ion flotation are discussed, and an economic analysis of a gold ion flotation process is presented. The main conclusion is that developments in ion flotation will occur in areas such as gold recovery and mine-site remediation. Here, the benefits offset the risks associated with the introduction of this, essentially, new technology.     

含铜硫铁矿选矿试验研究

在研究和分析10#矿体含铜硫铁矿石性质的基础上,进行了优先浮选和混合浮选试验,为企业开发利用这部分低品位硫铁矿石提供了技术依据。     

铜铁矿选矿工艺的研究

某铜铁矿的铁品位44.23%、铜品位0.24%,采用弱磁-强磁-浮选-重选的工艺,可得到铁品位60.12%、回收率78.52%的合格铁精矿和铜品位22.13%、回收率59.37%的合格铜精矿.