近红外光谱法在线检测复合固体推进剂的组分含量

针对HTPB及AP为主体成分的模拟复合固体推进剂配方体系,采用近红外光谱测试系统研究复合固体推进剂组分含量在线检测的可行性,探讨了视窗材料、视窗厚度、积分时间等测试条件对建模效果及测试偏差的影响。对谱图进行预处理,建立波长范围为1 050～1 650nm的定量校正模型,再用建立的模型对组分含量进行预测,预测值与设计值的相对偏差在1%左右。研究表明,在适宜强度的光源信号下,确保足够的物料厚度,以优质石英作为视窗材料,可获得精确的检测结果,而视窗厚度和积分时间对近红外光谱的检测质量影响甚微。     

含LLM-105的改性双基推进剂的机械感度

研究了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物(LLM-105)的含量和粒度对含LLM-105的改性双基推进剂机械感度的影响,并将LLM-105-CMDB推进剂的机械感度与含六硝基六氮杂异戊兹烷的改性双基推进剂(CL-20-CMDB)、含3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱的改性双基推进剂(DNTF-CMDB)及含奥克托今的改性双基推进剂(HMX-CMDB)的感度进行了比较。结果表明:用LLM-105逐步取代改性双基推进剂中的RDX,推进剂的机械感度也随之降低,撞击感度H50由23.4cm增加至39.3cm;高能量密度材料含量相同的几种改性双基推进剂机械感度由低往高依次为:LLM-105-CMDB、DNTF-CMDB、CL-20-CMDB、HMX-CMDB、RDX-CMDB。     

环境温、湿度对混胺近红外光谱分析模型的影响

以混胺样品为研究对象,研究环境温、湿度对混胺中二甲苯胺等成分含量近红外定量分析模型的预测能力的影响。通过在回归建模的过程中将环境温、湿度因素作为影响因子用于建模,来减小它们对模型的影响,使模型的稳健性增强。实验结果表明,将在不同环境温、湿度下采集的同一批样品光谱混合建立的模型对各环境温、湿叟下的样品预测能力远远好于其中某一环境温、湿度下建立的模型对它们的预测能力。该混合模型为将来实现野外作战中混胺近红外(NIR)光谱分析奠定了基础。     

GHQ推进剂的热分解特性研究

采用差示扫描量热仪DSC和绝热加速量热仪ARC,对比研究了双基推进剂SF、改性双基推进剂GHQ和单质RDX的热分解过程,并分析评估了GHQ推进剂的热危害性。DSC实验结果表明:GHQ推进剂起始分解温度为182.4℃,热分解明显分为双基组分和RDX分解两个过程,分解峰温为202.2℃和240.4℃,分别与双基推进剂SF、单质RDX分解峰温接近,说明双基组分与RDX混合后作用不激烈。ARC实验结果表明:GHQ推进剂在最危险状态(即绝热条件)下的起始分解温度为135.3℃,绝热温升为1 197.5℃,tMR为15.9min,单位质量产生气体最大压力为15.8MPa·g~(-1)。研究结果表明:添加RDX后,GHQ推进剂发生热自燃可能性较双基推进剂SF稍有提高,热危害性大大增强。     

含能钾盐消焰剂对硝胺改性双基推进剂性能的影响

用燃速测试、DSC实验、发动机羽焰测定和红外热像仪,对比研究了在硝胺改性双基推进剂配方中加入含能亚硝酸复合钾盐(KE)和K2SO4,对推进剂燃烧性能、热分解特性和发动机羽焰的影响,并初步探讨了其影响机理。结果表明,与K2SO4相比,KE能够促进NC/NG双基组分和RDX的热分解,降低推进剂热分解放热量的程度较小,对推进剂燃烧性能的影响较小,且抑制硝胺改性双基推进剂二次燃烧的效果也较好。     

螺压硝胺改性双基推进剂对机械刺激的安全性分析

为考察螺压硝胺改性双基推进剂对机械性激励的安全性,采用无溶剂螺压成型工艺制备了7种RDX含量不同的硝胺改性双基推进剂样品,依据国军标方法研究了含不同RDX的螺压硝胺改性双基推进剂的摩擦感度、撞击感度和枪击感度。结果表明, RDX的加入提高了硝胺改性双基推进剂的摩擦感度和撞击感度,同时增加了其枪击条件下的燃烧概率。     

改性B炸药主要组分的近红外光谱检测方法

采用近红外光谱技术,研究了改性B炸药近红外光谱快速组分检测方法。采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了主要组分梯恩梯(TNT)和黑索今(RDX)的定量模型。所建模型的交互验证决定系数(R~2)分别为0.961、0.9415,内部交互验证的均方根误差(RMSECV)分别为0.478%、0.501%,外部验证的均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.555%、0.521%,表明所建定量模型具有较高的准确度和精密度。用近红外法的测定值与标准分析法的参考值进行t检验的计算结果为t_(RDX)=1.03,t_(TNT)=0.72,均小于临界值t_9=2.26(α_9=0.05),这表明,近红外光谱法与标准分析法无显著性差异。     

浇铸无烟CMDB推进剂流变性能

为有效调节改性双基(CMDB)推进剂(主要组分为硝化棉、硝化甘油和黑索今)的流变性能,利用HAAKE旋转流变仪研究了增塑剂、高分子增稠剂及温度对CMDB推进剂流变特性的影响。结果表明,CMDB推进剂为具有屈服应力的假塑性流体,调整增塑剂硝化甘油与吉纳的比例(m(NG)∶m(DINA)=10∶1,8∶1,6∶1),当增塑剂比例降低,CMDB推进剂粘度和屈服值增大,流动活化能减小;高分子增稠剂含量增加,CMDB推进剂粘度明显增大,流动活化能减小;温度升高,CMDB推进剂粘度减小。     

螺压硝胺改性双基推进剂对冲击波激励的安全性评价

为深入研究硝胺改性双基推进剂的安全性能,根据GB14372-1993以及GJB772A-1997对黑索今(RDX)含量不同(18.0%~55.1%)的硝胺改性双基推进剂进行了雷管感度试验、冲击波感度试验、爆轰临界直径测定以及爆速测试,并与普通双基推进剂进行了对比。结果表明:随着推进剂中RDX的增加,推进剂的雷管感度、冲击波感度呈上升趋势,爆轰安全性呈下降趋势,爆速呈升高趋势。当RDX含量达到34%以上时,在-5℃下就可以被雷管直接引爆;当RDX含量达到55.1%时,推进剂的临界隔板厚度增加至33.5 mm,爆轰传播临界直径为8 mm,爆速超过8000 m·s-1。     

RDX含量对改性双基推进剂热安全特性的影响

为探究改性双基推进剂的热安全特性,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对黑索今(RDX)含量分别为0,18%,46%和54.6%的改性双基推进剂的热分解行为进行了研究,得到了升温速率2,5,10℃·min^-1和20℃·min^-1下的热分解温度。通过热反应动力学分析计算了其表观活化能、指前因子、反应速率、吉布斯自由能、活化焓及活化熵,分析了RDX含量对双基组分及表观活化能的影响规律。通过慢速烤燃和5s爆发点试验得到不同RDX含量改性双基推进剂的响应特性。结果表明,配方中RDX含量为18%时,表观活化能最大,慢速烤燃和5s爆发点响应温度和响应剧烈程度最低;随着RDX含量的增加,DSC第一分解峰温后移,表观活化能降低,双基推进剂的慢速烤燃响应温度向高温方向移动,体系热敏感性降低,但响应等级随之提升;当RDX含量在46%及以上时,响应等级为爆炸,不能通过慢速烤燃试验考核;5s爆发点温度随着RDX含量的增加向高温方向移动,且上升趋势较为明显,改性双基推进剂的热安定性有所提升。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.