多目标进化算法中基于聚集距离调整的分布性保持方法

在经典的非支配排序遗传算法中,基于聚集距离的种群维护策略并不能很好地保持解集的分布性。提出一种改进的基于聚集距离调整的分布性维护策略,根据邻近个体的聚集距离大小关系,保留分布较好的个体。与经典算法NSGA-Ⅱ,PESA-Ⅱ和小生境方法进行比较,实验结果表明,提出的分布性维护策略能较大程度提高分布性,并保持较好的收敛性。     

NSGA-II中一种改进的分布性保持策略

NSGA-II以其良好的收敛性和时间效率广泛应用于多目标优化中,然而其基于聚集距离的种群维护策略并不能很好地保持解集的分布性。提出一种改进的分布性保持策略,设置随种群密集程度自适应变化的阈值,动态地维护种群,使得分布性优秀的个体有更大的生存机会。与NSGA-II和ε-MOEA在5个测试函数上进行比较实验,结果表明改进算法在有效提高分布性的同时,拥有良好的收敛性。     

一种改进的聚集距离的多目标进化算法

针对多目标进化算法中聚集距离难以很好的保持进化群体的分布性,设计了一种根据改进的聚集距离策略,使多目标进化算法能够具有较好的分布性能,模拟实验验证了我们这种算法的有效性。     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的约束多目标优化

针对约束多目标优化问题,提出一种改进的粒子群优化算法,采用距离量度和自适应惩罚函数相结合的约束处理技术,通过可行解比例有效均衡目标函数和约束条件,提高算法的边界搜索能力。定义新的k最近邻聚集密度,保持解集分布性,并将聚集密度和轮盘赌选择相结合选取全局最优粒子。仿真结果表明,该算法在Pareto解集均匀性及逼近性方面均具有优势。     

一种新的过采样算法DB_SMOTE

针对非平衡数据集中类分布信息不对称现象,提出一种新的过采样算法DB_SMOTE（Distance-based Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique）,通过合成少数类新样本解决样本不足问题。算法基于样本与类中心距离,结合类聚集程度提取种子样本。根据SMOTE（Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique）算法思想,在种子样本上实现少数类新样本合成。根据种子样本与少数类中心距离构造新样本分布函数。基于此采样算法并在多个数据集上进行分类实验,结果表明DB_SMOTE算法是可行的。     

一种带差分局部搜索的改进型NSGA2算法

NSGA2算法以其Pareto支配的选择模式并辅以解个体密度估计算子选择胜出解的策略而成为了现代多目标进化算法的典范,但是该算法通过计算解个体的聚集距离来保持群体的分布性的机制存在一定的缺陷.鉴于此,提出了一种带差分局部搜索的改进型NSGA2算法.新算法利用差分进化中变异算子的定向引导作用,抽取其中的差分向量,并与NSGA2算法结合以改善解群的分布性.仿真实验表明:新算法较NSGA2算法在解群分布的均匀性和广度上有明显的改善.此外,新算法在时间复杂性方面与经典的NSGA2算法相当.     

基于自适应进化学习的约束多目标粒子群优化算法

针对约束边界粒子在边界区域搜索能力不足的问题,提出一种基于自适应进化学习的约束多目标粒子群优化算法。该算法根据不符合约束条件粒子的约束违反程度,修正优化算法的进化学习公式,提高算法在约束边界区域的搜索能力;通过引入一种基于拥挤距离的Pareto最优解分布性动态维护策略,在不增加算法复杂度的前提下改进Pareto前沿的分布性。实验结果表明,所提出的算法可以获得具有更好收敛性、分布性和多样性的Pareto前沿。     

基于分层向量距离的实时多媒体数据挖掘模型

论文构造了一个实时多媒体数据挖掘模型,提出了一种原始视频数据进行数据挖掘的新机制,主要采用分层向量距离来进行动态可控序列分析分割、段内特征提取,使用粒子群K均值进行段间聚集,在一定程度上,解决了多媒体数据挖掘各方面的特殊要求。挖掘模型中各个部分与提出的技术相结合,基本上能满足实时情况下处理原始视频数据的要求。     

一种基于最小生成树的多目标进化算法

怎样保证朝Pareto最优解的方向搜索和如何获得均匀分布且范围广泛的非支配解是多目标进化算法(MOEA)设计时的两个关键问题,它们很大程度上取决于适应度赋值和外部种群维护这两个重要部分.提出了一种基于最小生成树的多目标进化算法(MST_MOEA).在考虑了个体间支配关系的基础上,利用个体与非支配集的距离和不同等级个体的树聚集密度来对适应度赋值;在外部种群的非支配解个数超过规定的种群规模时,用树的度数和树聚集密度对其进行修剪.将其应用于不同维数下9个测试函数,并与NSGA-II,SPEA2进行对比,结果证实了算法良好的收敛性和分布性.     

基于动态拥挤距离的混合多目标免疫优化算法

多目标免疫优化算法的研究目标是种群均匀分布于优化问题的非劣最优域并使算法快速收敛。为进一步提高多目标优化问题非支配解集合的分布均匀性和收敛性,提出了一种基于动态拥挤距离的混合多目标免疫优化算法。该算法基于动态拥挤距离来对个体进行比较和更新操作,从而保持最终解集的均匀分布,同时借鉴经典差分进化算法中的变异引导算子来加强免疫优化算法的局部搜索能力并提高搜索精度。基于5个经典测试函数的仿真结果表明, 与其他几种有效的多目标优化算法相比,所提算法不仅在求得Pareto最优解集的逼近性、均匀性和宽广性上有明显优势,而且收敛速度也有较大的改进和提高。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.