基于无线网络环境移动流媒体码率自适应研究

基于校园无线网络环境,研究了流媒体视频码率自适应技术.利用分布式实时转码系统保证直播流视频转码的实时性,并根据校园无线网用户的特殊性,研究了首次接入视频码率选择策略,以减少码率切换次数.实验证明,这种方案在无线网络环境发生变化时,保证了视频播放的流畅性,为用户提供了友好的体验.     

基于模糊控制的流媒体自适应传输算法

基于HTTP的动态自适应流媒体DASH传输协议可以使用户根据自身的终端显示能力和信道条件选择合适的视频质量,是网络视频服务技术的发展方向。如何根据网络吞吐量的变化自适应地选择视频码率,以获得最佳的用户体验质量QOE,在已有的DASH系统中还没有得到很好的解决。 提出了一种基于模糊控制的自适应传输算法,将缓存的视频余量以及用户申请的视频码率和网络吞吐量的码率失配度作为输入,将预期的缓存变化量作为输出,通过模糊逻辑实现以下控制目的：(1）将缓存稳定在一个安全的区间;(2）使传输视频的平均质量最大化;(3）避免因带宽波动所造成的视频播放中断。最后,分别在两种虚拟网络环境和两种实际网络环境下进行性能测试,实验结果表明,与已有的算法相比较,本文提出的算法可以给用户带来更好的QOE。     

一种基于视频分类的码率自适应算法

流媒体的码率自适应算法依据网络状态动态调节视频块的码率,提升用户体验质量,但忽略了视频类型的差异对用户体验质量的影响,导致算法性能下降。提出区分视频类型特征的码率选择算法C-ABR。设计相应的用户体验质量效用函数,使用强化学习算法训练模型A3C,提升用户体验质量。实验结果说明,相对于典型的码率自适应算法Pensieve和MPC,C-ABR算法用户体验质量分别提升22.7%和50.4%。     

一种动态自适应HTTP流媒体码率切换算法

近年来,基于HTTP的动态自适应流媒体技术,已经被各种网络视频播放服务广泛采用.针对客户端缓冲区受限和网络环境不稳定的情况,提出一种基于客户端缓冲区长度的动态自适应码率选择算法.该算法通过对缓冲区进行分级实现了带宽的不同比例的缩放,并采用滑动窗口技术对带宽进行平滑处理.同时,通过设置每个缓冲区等级的带宽持续上升或下降时间的限制和采用高低带宽的中间码率等级,使码率等级不会剧烈变化.实验结果表明,该算法能在带宽利用和视频质量的平滑之间取得较好的平衡,提供良好的视频播放用户体验.     

强化学习在自适应视频码率控制算法中的应用

视频码率自适应是提高视频服务质量的一种有效方法.现有视频码率自适应算法大多都试图将一套相对固定的模型规则应用于所有用户,无法确保所有用户都拥有良好的QoE.针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于强化学习的自适应视频码率调节方案,可以根据不同的网络条件实时调整视频码率算法的参数.该方案通过强化学习方法,提高了学习收敛速度,限制了次优选择,并且不会因为快速收敛而降低视频码率调节的效率.实验结果表明,基于强化学习的自适应视频码率调节方案与Bola,M PC等传统视频ABR算法相比,总体平均比特率提高了大约8.3%,这得益于本文提出的方案能够更好地在不同的网络状态下对视频码率调节行为进行细粒度定制和优化.     

基于视点预测的全景视频码率自适应策略

为解决全景视频传输中存在的视频卡顿多、用户体验质量（quality of experience,QoE）低等问题,研究当前主流的视点自适应传输方案,提出一种基于视点预测的码率自适应策略（VPBAS）。首先,构建了一种基于长短期记忆网络和全卷积网络的视点预测模型,模型将视点数据和视频显著性信息进行特征融合,实现不同模态数据的相互补充和修正,提高视点预测的准确率;然后,客户端采用随机森林算法预测当前的可用带宽,并根据视点预测结果和可用带宽信息为视频分块选择码率。最后,客户端把选择的码率信息定期发送给服务器,服务器根据反馈的信息向客户端推送最佳码率的全景视频流,这种交互过程在视频播放期间不断地重复,直至客户端观看完毕。实验结果表明,与现有传输方案相比,VPBAS能有效提高带宽受限情况下的视频观看体验。     

视频传输自适应网络带宽控制策略的研究

为有效利用网络资源,提高视频服务的实时性,视频的传输码率应根据网络可用带宽的变化进行调整;对视频传输自适应可用带宽相关技术展开了研究,探讨了自适应实现方法中需要解决的关键技术,通过分析视频种码率控制方法,提出了一种根据可用带宽自适应调节量化步长,优化视频输出码率的策略;实验结果表明,根据网络中链路的带宽状况,自适应改变视频量化步长可以有效地控制视频输出码率,并且能快速而平滑地将视频输出码率调整到一个与网络带宽相适应的值,保证视频网络传输的平稳性和实时性,提高视频服务质量.     

基于 SDN 的密集小蜂窝网络中可伸缩视频传输优化

为了优化多媒体数据在无线网络中的传输,该文将密集型小蜂窝网络、软件定义网络以及可 伸缩视频编码技术相结合,设计了一个完整的多媒体视频传输系统。其中,通过密集型小蜂窝网络基站间的协作,提高无线频谱利用率;通过自适应码率调节技术,为不同用户提供差分服务。该文以最大化用户体验质量为目标,联合决策用户视频质量和无线资源分配。采用李雅普诺夫优化理论,将原问题转化为两个独立的子问题分别进行求解,并给出了仅依赖当前观测信息的低复杂度算法。实验结果显示,该文所提出的算法在动态环境下能够做出较好响应,并且可以实现更高的用户体验。     

基于电量状态的移动流媒体码率自适应策略

为提升移动流媒体的用户体验质量(quality of experience,QoE)和设备续航时长,提出一种基于移动设备电量状态的Qo E模型,模型的参数包括初始延迟、重新缓冲、平均视频质量、码率切换平滑度以及设备电量状态.在模型的基础上,给出一种基于网络吞吐量,同时又考虑设备电量状态的码率自适应策略.策略能避免客户端...     

移动互联网视频传输优化的架构研究

随着3G移动互联网的快速发展,在手机等移动终端上看视频成为一种日常应用.但互联网上的大部分视频对于移动用户而言,其码率相对较大,而且移动用户的可用带宽受环境影响变化大,不稳定,影响了用户观看视频的体验.提出一种针对移动互联网的视频传输优化解决方案的系统架构,该架构从缓存和压缩两个方面入手,通过缓存缓解运营商的骨干网流量压力,通过视频压缩降低视频码率以满足用户的实际接入带宽.该架构既为运营商节约了带宽、降低了运营成本,同时也保证用户观看视频的连续性,提高用户体验.     

无线网络视频传输差错控制技术研究

随着多媒体、网络技术以及移动通信的发展,视频通信的应用成了必然的趋势。传输的视频需要进行压缩,冗余信息的丢失使视频数据在传输中抵抗信道误码的能力变得十分脆弱。不幸的是,无线网络信道中,误码的产生、数据的丢失总是难以避免。当网络拥塞时更容易造成突发性的分组丢失现象,引起图像质量严重下降,必须采用有效的差错控制技术进行处理。本文提出并实现了一种适合于无线网络环境下视频传输的差错控制方法,它包括一个基于丢包检测的流量自适应算法,编码端的宏块重排序的算法和解码端的自适应的差错掩藏算法。实验结果表明,在无线网络环境下,采用本文提出的差错控制方法能够有效提升视频传输的质量。     

Adaptive interface selection over cloud-based split-layer video streaming via multi-wireless networks

As mobile devices such as tablet PCs and smartphones proliferate, the online video consumption over a wireless network has been accelerated. From this phenomenon, there are several challenges to provide the video streaming service more efficiently and stably in the heterogeneous mobile environment. In order to guarantee the QoS of real-time HD video services, the steady and reliable wireless mesh is necessary. Furthermore, the video service providers have to maintain the QoS by provisioning streaming servers to respond the clients’ request of different video resolution. In this paper, we propose a reliable cloud-based video delivery scheme with the split-layer SVC encoding and real-time adaptive multi-interface selection over LTE and WiFi links. A split-layer video streaming can effectively scale to manage the required channels on each layer of various client connections. Moreover, split-layer SVC model brings streaming service providers a remarkable opportunity to stream video over multiple interfaces (e.g. WiFi, LTE, etc.) with a separate controlling based on their network status. Through the adaptive interface selection, the proposed system aims to ensure the maximizing video quality which the bandwidth of LTE/WiFi accommodates. In addition, the system offers cost-effective streaming to mobile clients by saving the LTE data consumption. In our system, an adaptive interface selection is developed with two different algorithms, such as INSTANT and EWMA methods. We implemented a prototype of mobile client based on iOS particularly by using iPhone5S. Moreover, we also employ the split-layer SVC encodes in streaming server-side as the add-on module to SVC reference encoding tool in a virtualized environment of KVM hypervisor. We evaluated the proposed system in an emulated and a real-world heterogeneous wireless network environments. The results show that the proposed system not only achieves to guarantee the highest quality of video frames via WiFi and LTE simultaneous connection, but also efficiently saves LTE bandwidth consumption for cost-effectiveness to client-side. Our proposed method provides the highest video quality without deadline misses, while it consumes 50.6% LTE bandwidth of ‘LTE-only’ method and 72.8% of the conventional (non-split) SVC streaming over a real-world mobile environment.     

基于DaVinci技术的3G移动视频监控系统设计与实现

本文针对3G移动视频监控系统面临实时性高、运算量大、带宽低的要求,提出了一种基于DaVinci技术和3G网络传输为基础的解决方案。该方案完成了系统硬件详细设计和软件模块化详细设计,实现了OSD字幕的前端添加功能,并解决了在3G无线带宽抖动下采用自适应帧码率和QoS机制,使视频图像流畅稳定。本设计的测试结果表明,能够在3G低带宽下流畅地进行移动视频监控。     

基于MPEG-4的视频流传输框架

视频的实时传输存在带宽、传输延迟、包丢失率等方面的要求,而当前的Internet环境下未提供任何QoS(服务质量)服务,所以一个有效的视频传输系统必须自适应于网络状况的动态变化。在充分发掘MPEG-4特性的基础上,该文构造了一个基于MPEG-4的视频流传输框架。通过使用带宽预测、自适应速率调整、SFEC纠错、错误隐藏等机制使视频的传输能够自适应于网络状况的动态变化。同时,提出了一种基于优先级的速率调整算法,克服了传统基于R-D理论的速率调整算法对媒体源支持单一的缺点。试验结果表明,该系统在低比特率、网络状况动态变化的环境中能取得良好的视频传输效果。     

基于模糊控制的ATM网络VBR视频传输平滑策略

VBR视频传输的突发性是影响ATM网络服务质量的关键因素,文中通过模糊控制方法对视频传输流量的阈值进行监控,实现了接入的平滑并可动态调整传输速度。文中以传输流量及这发级作为评价指标进行分析,结果表明VBR视频传输自适应平滑策略的实效性。     

Scalable video object coding &; QoS control for next generation space internet

The next generation space internet （NGSI） is based on all-IP-based mobile network that merges land-based network, sea-based network, sky-based network, spacebased network, deep space-based network together using existing assess network technologies. There are high signal propagation delays, high error rate, bandwidth variation and time-variety in NGSh In order to adapt to various space communication environment constraints and bandwidth variation, we propose a reduced dimension scalable video coding scheme based on CCSDS IDCS algorithm and quality of service （QoS） control method by cross layer design （CLD）. The experimental result shows that this new method has better performance than that of existing algorithms, and can be adaptive to the bandwidth variation dynamically.     

Adaptive frame synchronization for surveillance system across a heterogeneous network

As mobile techniques are booming, the surveillance function is extended from a stationary mode to a mobile mode. In a heterogeneous network environment, cameras and viewers are located in different networks so that frame synchronization may span across diverse network domains with different transmission capabilities. The mismatch of transmission capabilities may affect the viewing continuity and playback liveness between cameras and viewers. In the article, we propose an adaptive frame synchronization mechanism for frame capturing at cameras based on the network condition to improve the frame synchronization between two sides across a heterogeneous network. Based on a brief theoretical analysis of the asynchronization effect for video communication in a heterogeneous network environment, the proposed adaptive pause time mechanism can be an effective solution to relieve the asynchronization effect in the unmatched transmission rate situation. The evaluation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a shorter time delay between the captured frames at the camera site and the viewer site.     

3G网络的移动视频监控系统

移动流媒体应用是基于3G独特高数据带宽的业务应用,是3G业务网络中最具市场潜力的增值业务类型。为了进一步推广移动流媒体技术的应用,该文将3G移动网络和固网视频监控结合起来,实现两者优势互补,提出了一种基于3G网络的移动视频监控系统模型,此模型能够弥补传统移动网络和固网的不足对移动视频监控系统的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Adaptive topology formation for peer-to-peer video streaming

In this paper we propose an adaptive P2P video streaming framework to address the challenges due to bandwidth heterogeneity and peer churn on the Internet. This adaptive streaming framework consists of two major components, source rate adaptation and adaptive overlay topology formation, to maximize the video quality and fully utilize the overall peer upload capacity. In the source rate adaptation, the video server adapts the video source rate automatically based on the local measurement of peers’ download rates, so that the P2P network is not overloaded beyond its bandwidth capacity and peers are able to achieve smooth video playback. To combat bandwidth heterogeneity, we propose to construct a desirable link-level homogeneous overlay topology using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, so that peers achieve an equal per-connection upload/download bandwidth. In this link-level homogeneous network, video flows do not encounter any bottlenecks along the delivery paths, and peers achieve high download rates to ensure smooth video playback. We also design a fully distributed algorithm to implement the dual mechanisms of the adaptive topology formation and the source rate maximization. To evaluate the performance of our streaming framework, we conduct both mathematical analysis and extensive simulations. The simulation results confirm our analysis and show that the proposed distributed algorithm is able to maximize the video playback quality with fast convergence.     

A generic content-based image retrieval framework for mobile devices

Multimedia mobile devices have created new possibilities for developing and accessing a variety of multimedia items such as images, audio and video clips. Personal multimedia items are, nowadays, being consumed at an enormous rate. Therefore, the management of these media items has become a pressing problem. In this paper, a client-server content-based image retrieval framework for mobile platforms is developed, which provides the capability of content-based query and browsing from mobile devices. The proposed framework provides an adaptive user interface and a generic structure, which supports a wide range of mobile devices. In this framework, a client requests the server for retrieval of particular images with a particular content. The server performs a content-based retrieval of images from a selected database and streams the retrieved results back to the client in an efficient way. The query results are transmitted over a wireless network and a certain number of similar images are rendered on the mobile device screen using thumbnail sizes. The proposed framework serves as a basis of content-based image retrieval on mobile devices. It addresses several important challenges such as hardware and software limitations as well as efficient use of the available network bandwidth.