面向MPEG-21 DIA的适配决策模型

通用多媒体内容访问是未来多媒体服务的常用模式。针对这一访问模式,MPEG-21提出了DIA技术框架,以期实现相关技术标准化。但是,DIA现在只对上下文描述等元数据制定了标准,而适配决策引擎仍然是一个开放问题。针对已有适配决策模型存在的问题,提出了一种适配决策树模型,该模型将适配决策视为序列决策,并用决策树对其建模。为满足多媒体服务的个性化需求,利用用户偏好信息建立适配决策树。此外,利用优化模型构建决策空间,使参与决策的对象数缩小为模态数,从而减少了适配决策时间,满足了多媒体服务的实时性。通过仿真实验证明,该适配决策树模型在决策误差和平均迭代次数两个指标上都优于或相近于已有的适配决策模型。     

面向服务的内容适配框架研究*

将面向服务的体系架构引入内容适配研究,设计了一种新颖的面向服务的适配框架,并阐述了框架的运行机制.该框架在复用性、扩展性等方面具有良好的性能.     

内容适配系统设计及性能评价研究

内容适配技术是实现通用多媒体访问的主流技术,如何实现内容适配系统是内容适配技术研究中的重要问题。基于SOA架构设计并实现内容适配系统。系统具有数据管理、服务管理、内容适配和内容服务功能。采用客观和主观指标结合的评价体系,对内容适配系统的服务质量进行评价。     

MPEG-21中的数字项适配技术研究

数字项适配是MPEG-21标准中一项非常重要的关键技术.本文研究MPEG-21中的数字项适配技术以及媒体独立格式的资源适配机制,实现一套基于MPEG-21 DIA的图像适配系统,提供了数字项解析、适配决策形成以及资源适配等功能.并在此基础之上试验了新的基于感兴趣区域的适配方法.试验结果表明该系统是完整和有效的,采用的新的适配方法是新颖的.     

基于感知运动能量模型的MPEG-21数字项适配

最新的MPEG-21标准定义了一个统一的多媒体框架,其目标是使多媒体资源能在异构网络和终端上进行透明传输和得到充分利用。多媒体适配(Multimedia Adaptation)技术作为实现上述目标的关键技术得到了越来越多的研究。本文将感知运动能量模型与MPEG-21数字项适配框架相结合,研究和实现了基于感知运动能量的H．264／AVC视频丢帧适配技术。本文的研完工作有两个方面的优点：一方面,感知运动能量模型的使用将丢帧适配引起的运动抖动减至最小,保证了较高的用户视觉上的主观感知质量;另一方面,数据处理能力和资源受限的适配节点不需了解具体的H．264／AVC编码语法结构和编解码算法,就能方便地执行丢帧操作,实现了独立于媒体编码格式的视频适配机制,提高了多媒体适配系统的灵活性和可扩展性。     

面向多网多终端协同的内容适配服务

目前的内容适配技术主要从单网络单终端角度出发,未考虑当前及未来可能的网络运营模式。为解决设备能力和多媒体内容/服务不匹配问题,引入内容适配技术,提出一种面向多网多终端协同的内容适配技术。通过引入本体建模技术,将复杂的多网多终端环境化分为单网单终端、单网多终端和多网单终端3种情况,并采用逻辑决策和物理决策的两级决策方案,实现多网多终端协同的内容适配服务,从而完善单网单终端向多网多终端的过渡。应用结果表明,该内容适配模型可解决终端能力和多媒体内容/服务不匹配问题。     

一种基于QoS的MPEG-4视频泵实现方法

基于QoS的MPEG-4视频泵技术是具有QoS功能的MPEG-4视频服务器设计中的核心技术之一。在MPEG-4标准框架下,利用多框架多级别的视频编码方案,对MPEG-4视频泵进行了扩充设计,可在64bps～2Mbps的带宽范围内,为基于RTP/RTCP传输机制的视频服务提供服务质量保证。基于QoS的MPEG-4视频泵在视频服务器中的应用,为实时、可变码率的流媒体服务提供可行的解决方案。     

数字媒体适配过程的一般框架、模型及应用研究

丰富的媒体内容和格式、异构的网络以及多样的终端设备,成为通用媒体访问的巨大障碍,媒体适配成为必要.文中分析了MPEG-21数字媒体适配DIA各实体之间的抽象关系,讨论了数字媒体适配的一般框架,建立了基于混合变量的约束优化模型.该模型统一了现有的媒体适配应用研究,能够用一致的算法进行求解.同时,文中从图像理解和视频分析角度,建立了媒体适配的层次结构,对媒体适配应用进行分类,并以当前的主要应用研究如图像适配、视频转码、位率适配、视频对象适配等举例说明.文中也探讨了混合媒体的多模态适配,指出了今后的研究热点和难点,如媒体语义抽取和适配、用户主观测度和媒体访问体验最大化等.     

用于区分服务的MPEG-4多媒体内容分类机制

描述了一种用于区分服务的MPEG-4多媒体内容分类机制。它通过向MPEG-4系统结构中加入一个新的媒体QoS分类层,把具有相近QoS性能需求的MPEG-4 AVO分为一类并映射到区分服务中。新的媒体QoS分类层采用一种对于应用层和网络层均透明的分类算法对MPEG-4 AVO进行分类。给出了该算法的结构和设计原则。     

基于Web Service的多层音频分类器设计

随着网络技术的发展和多媒体数据的增长,应用对音频内容的分类、查询、检索需求越来越强烈。MPEG-7和MPEG-21等标准的出现为多媒体内容的规范化提供了良好的外部条件,有利于进一步向基于内容检索服务的过渡。介绍了一个基于Web服务分布式部署的多层音频分类器的设计,提出以特征代理为前端进行特征提取,分类代理为后端进行特征处理,节点采用多分类器融合策略,通过发布/订阅机制实现音频特征的传送。系统结构有利于进一步扩展,从而为音频内容查询检索和音频搜索引擎等应用提供平台式服务。     

A Survey of Application Layer Techniques for Adaptive Streaming of Multimedia

Though the integrated services model and resource reservation protocol (RSVP) provide support for quality of service, in the current Internet only best-effort traffic is widely supported. New high-speed technologies such as ATM (asynchronous transfer mode), gigabit Ethernet, fast Ethernet, and frame relay, have spurred higher user expectations. These technologies are expected to support real-time applications such as video-on-demand, Internet telephony, distance education and video-broadcasting. Towards this end, networking methods such as service classes and quality of service models are being developed. Today's Internet is a heterogeneous networking environment. In such an environment, resources available to multimedia applications vary. To adapt to the changes in network conditions, both networking techniques and application layer techniques have been proposed. In this paper, we focus on the application level techniques, including methods based on compression algorithm features, layered encoding, rate shaping, adaptive error control, and bandwidth smoothing. We also discuss operating system methods to support adaptive multimedia. Throughout the paper, we discuss how feedback from lower networking layers can be used by these application-level adaptation schemes to deliver the highest quality content.     

面向SOA的企业服务总线研究与实现

针对企业日益增长的信息共享和业务整合的需求,面向SOA的企业服务总线屏蔽各类异构的应用从而实现基于SOA架构的企业应用集成是大势所趋。现有的面向SOA的企业服务总线（s-ESB）大多立足于提供Web服务容器,并没有提供统一的适配机制无缝集成各类企业应用,从而极大限制s-ESB的高可用性和可扩展性。首先,提出了一种新型的基于SOA架构的企业应用集成环境,从而明确了s-ESB在构建企业应用集成中的地位和作用;其次,提出了s-ESB的体系结构模型,并解决了协议适配,服务适配和公共服务等关键技术问题;最后,原型系统证明s-ESB的灵活性,可有效集成各类异构企业应用。     

虚拟计算环境中的虚拟网络

虚拟计算环境是近年来的学术研究热点,而虚拟网络是构成虚拟计算环境的核心技术。本文介绍了主流的虚拟网络构成原理和虚拟网络实现技术,分析了虚拟计算环境中虚拟网络的特点,总结并提出了虚拟网络的性能开销、QoS、自适应和安全性等开放性问题。     

Cognitive and context-aware assistive environments using future internet technologies

Future Internet (FI) technologies are introducing new ways of networking and cognitive data delivery. In this paper, the potential of FI-based architectures for enabling the context-aware content adaptation and specialized delivery of health related information in assistive environments is investigated. The proposed system utilizes the publish/subscribe internetworking (PSI) architecture, an information-oriented architecture built for the FI using the so-called publish/subscribe paradigm. Information is brought at the center of the approach, providing several advantages: flexibility, seamless information morphing and exploitation of context, access control, and security in general. In addition to an overview of the approach and its characteristics, this work also presents the implementation of a subset of an assistive environment, using Blackadder, PSI’s prototype, and illustrates its potential with an emergency service scenario for the assistive healthcare domain.     

Content Adaptation Architectures Based on Squid Proxy Server

The overwhelming popularity of Internet and the technology advancements have determined the diffusion of many different Web-enabled devices. In such an heterogeneous client environment, efficient content adaptation and delivery services are becoming a major requirement for the new Internet service infrastructure. In this paper we describe intermediary-based architectures that provide adaptation and delivery of Web content to different user terminals. We present the design of a Squid-based prototype that carries out the adaptation of Web images and combines such a functionality with the caching of multiple versions of the same resource. We also investigate how to provide some form of cooperation among the nodes of the intermediary infrastructure, with the goal to evaluate to what extent the cooperation in discovering, adapting, and delivering Web resources can improve the user-perceived performance.     

MobiPADS: a reflective middleware for context-aware mobile computing

Traditionally, middleware technologies, such as CORBA, Java RMI, and Microsoft's DCOM, have provided a set of distributed computing services that essentially abstract the underlying network services to a monolithic "black box." In a mobile operating environment, the fundamental assumption of middleware abstracting a unified distributed service for all types of applications operating over a static network infrastructure is no longer valid. In particular, mobile applications are not able to leverage the benefits of adaptive computing to optimize its computation based on current contextual situations. In this paper, we introduce the Mobile Platform for Actively Deployable Service (MobiPADS) system. MobiPADS is designed to support context-aware processing by providing an executing platform to enable active service deployment and reconfiguration of the service composition in response to environments of varying contexts. Unlike most mobile middleware, MobiPADS supports dynamic adaptation at both the middleware and application layers to provide flexible configuration of resources to optimize the operations of mobile applications. Within the MobiPADS system, services (known as mobilets) are configured as chained service objects to provide augmented services to the underlying mobile applications so as to alleviate the adverse conditions of a wireless environment.     

基于WAP的手机内容服务系统安全模型

通过对手机内容服务系统,特别是其安全性要求的研究,提出了一种适合于手机内容服务系统的安全模型.该模型能够满足手机内容服务系统的各种安全需求.讨论了一个具体的模型及其实现策略,分析了模型中使用的一些关键技术,同时对模型的性能作了简要的评测.     

Service robots in hospitals: new perspectives on niche evolution and technology affordances

Changing demands in society and the limited capabilities of health systems have paved the way for robots to move out of industrial contexts and enter more human-centered environments such as health care. We explore the shared beliefs and concerns of health workers on the introduction of autonomously operating service robots in hospitals or professional care facilities. By means of Q-methodology, a mixed research approach specifically designed for studying subjective thought patterns, we identify five potential end-user niches, each of which perceives different affordances and outcomes from using service robots in their working environment. Our findings allow for better understanding resistance and susceptibility of different users in a hospital and encourage managerial awareness of varying demands, needs, and surrounding conditions that a service robot must contend with. We also discuss general insights into presenting the Q-methodology results and how an affordance-based view could inform the adoption, appropriation, and adaptation of emerging technologies.