加氢裂化尾油收率预测、优化模型开发研究

从裂解炉的工业生产过程出发,对加氢裂化尾油裂解的模型化及优化进行理论和应用研究。对于复杂的重质原料裂解过程,基于严格、系统的模拟裂解试验,选用适当的数学处理方法建立模型,具有方便、快捷、准确的优点;对于工业裂解装置产品收率预测、工艺条件优化,具有实际应用价值。在模拟试验基础上建立产品收率预测和工艺优化操作模型。采用工业数据校正试验收率预测模型,调整模型参数,建立SL-Ⅰ型裂解炉的加氢裂化尾油收率预测、优化模型。     

乙烯装置冷箱及脱甲烷系统模拟

以化工流程模拟软件ASPEN PLUS为应用平台,建立能良好描述裂解气在冷箱中预冷和脱甲烷塔中分离的工艺模型。应用该模型对扬子乙烯装置老区冷箱和脱甲烷塔系统进行了流程模拟、参数灵敏度分析和过程优化;研究了裂解气负荷、裂解气组成等几个因素,对冷箱与脱甲烷塔系统的影响以及相应操作参数的优化调整;找到了现有冷箱与脱甲烷系统的用能瓶颈;解决了工艺操作参数的优化问题;实现了装置高负荷情况下的经济运行。     

工业重整装置建模与仿真

针对实际工业重整装置,提出了一种仅包含16个反应、17个集总组分的重整反应简化机理模型,用于重整过程监控和优化。利用一形式比四阶RK法更为简单的近似解析法对模型方程进行了数值求解,并采用差分BFGS优化算法以及某固定床半再生重整和连续重整工业装置的多套工业数据对模型中关键的动力学参数分别进行了估计,进而利用这两种工业装置在不同进料或操作条件下对模型进行了验证。结果表明,所建立的集总模型合理可靠,到达了工业应用的模拟精度要求。     

基于pro/Ⅱ的气体分馏装置工艺模拟及节能优化

本文研究了气体分馏装置的节能优化问题,以Sim Sci/PRO-Ⅱ模拟软件为平台,采用平衡级稳态模型与Soave-Relich-Kwong状态方程相结合的方式建立模拟模型,应用Inside-out收敛算法,对气体分馏装置模型进行求解,模拟结果与实际运行工况相符。在工艺模拟模型的基础上,对整个生产装置进行操作参数灵敏度分析,研究精馏塔压力、回流量对气体分馏装置能耗的影响,并进行操作参数优化。优化结果表明,在保证产品质量合格的情况下,装置可节能降耗37.52%,实现年节能优化效益246万元。本方法为气体分馏装置以及其他精馏装置的节能优化提供了有效的解决方法。     

Texaco水煤浆气化装置配煤模型及其优化

优化配煤对Texaco水煤浆加压气化装置的优化运行具有重要的意义。针对Texaco水煤浆气化装置优化配煤问题,建立了一个管理决策级视角下的配煤优化模型。模型综合考虑了混煤指标、库存成本、市场价格、操作成本、堆存和转运消耗。采用预交叉差分进化粒子群优化算法对模型进行求解,算法将粒子群和差分进化相结合,避免算法早熟,提高了全局搜索能力和收敛精度。最后,以某化肥厂水煤浆配煤优化过程为研究实例进行仿真,计算结果验证了模型和算法的可行性。     

非常规分流硫磺回收模拟及技改优化

通过使用HYSYS建立非常规分流硫磺回收及尾气处理模型,并通过模拟数据与工业数据对比,验证模型的可靠性。最后,利用HYSYS对硫磺回收装置液硫池废气流程改造进行模拟优化,提出了废气引入点与分流提温的优化建议,为硫磺回收装置液硫池废气技改提供了一些新思路。     

双流化床反应器化学环制氢工艺建模与优化

化学环制氢工艺现有流程模拟平台无法对其进行有效仿真,限制了反应器尺寸设计及工艺优化过程。基于轴向扩散模型建立了双流化床反应器化学环制氢工艺,优化了反应器的结构及操作参数,为化学环制氢工艺提供了理论指导;所建立的流化床反应器轴向扩散模型可充分模拟工业尺度反应器中天然气与金属氧化物的重整反应过程;优化结果表明,利用商业化模拟平台建立的化学环制氢工艺流程可高效产出氢气,氢气/甲烷比例达到232%,平均制氢成本为1.1万元/t。     

Shell煤气化装置模拟计算和操作优化软件的开发与应用

Shell煤气化装置模拟计算及操作优化软件具有5项功能,即建立煤质数据库与获取煤质数据、气化炉模拟计算、气化炉优化计算、气化装置模拟计算、开车表计算。本研究中,气化炉采用化学能量平衡模型,水冷壁的传热量计算采用经验模型进行模拟。结果表明,软件模拟结果与中石化安庆分公司Shell煤气化装置运行数据吻合较好,模拟结果可靠,能用于Shell煤气化装置在线和离线模拟和优化计算、开车表计算等,对于Shell煤气化装置实现安全、稳定、长周期、优化运行具有科学指导作用。     

轮胎“爆胎”难题获解

以橡胶硫化的热传导方程和Rafei硫化动力学模型建立了叠层橡胶隔震支座有限元仿真模型;进行支座硫化热电偶测温试验,其结果验证了建立的有限元模型的正确性,可以用于硫化工艺的制定和优化;对支座是否采用预热处理及是否采用辅助加热等四种硫化方案用建立的有限元模型进行了数值模拟,研究结果表明：对支座进行预热处理比辅助加热更能够提高硫化效率。     

基于Aspen Polymer的聚酯生产四釜工艺流程建模

基于Aspen Polymer工艺流程模拟软件对以对苯二甲酸和乙二醇为单体生成聚酯的逐步加成聚合反应体系进行了建模。采用链段法定义反应体系各组分,物性方法采用非随机二液相活度系数模型和Flory-Huggins模型组合的Poly NRTL模型;工艺建模考虑了反应过程中的传质,包括小分子的脱挥过程以及固相对苯二甲酸在乙二醇和对苯二甲酸二乙二醇酯中的溶解过程;传质模型以fortran程序通过asplink连接到反应器模型中;在此基础上建立聚酯生产四釜工艺流程模型,模拟结果与实际操作值吻合较好,后缩聚反应器出口熔体的特性黏数达到0.69 dL/g;建立的聚酯四釜工艺流程模型能够方便的进行灵敏度分析,可指导新装置的设计和优化,有工业应用价值。     

八碳芳烃临氢异构化反应动力学模型

针对某实际工业异构化装置,在已开发的八碳芳烃临氢异构化反应网络的基础上,将系统中的八碳环烷烃和八碳链烷烃作为一个集总组分,提出新的六组分异构化反应网络,由此建立了适用于工业生产的八碳芳烃临氢异构化反应动力学模型.考虑结焦对催化剂活性的影响,提出了一种经验形式的催化剂失活函数,能够合理地描述催化剂失活过程.采用四五阶Runge-Kutta法对模型方程进行数值求解,基于多套稳态平衡数据采用差分变尺度优化算法(BFGS)对动力学参数进行估计,进而在不同操作条件下对模型进行验证.结果表明估计值与工业标定值相当吻合,达到了工业应用的模拟精度要求.     

加氢渣油催化裂化14集总动力学模型的建立

以加工加氢渣油的茂名石化3#重油催化裂化装置（RFCC）的工业数据为基础,针对加氢渣油的特点,提出了以渣油4组分作为划分原料集总的催化裂化14集总动力学模型,通过分步求解法求取动力学参数,并应用工业实测数据进行验证,验证结果表明该模型不仅能较好地预测催化裂化产品分布,而且还能较准确预测主要产品性质,较好地反映了加氢渣油催化裂化反应规律,可为工业装置操作的优化提供指导。     

灵活多效催化裂化工艺集总动力学模型

针对灵活多效催化裂化(FDFCC)工艺,以工业装置数据为基础建立了重油提升管催化裂化10集总和汽油提升管催化裂化7集总动力学模型,求取了10集总模型的43个动力学参数和7集总模型的18个动力学参数.结果表明,所获得的模型动力学参数是可靠的,所建立的模型能够较好地预测FDFCC装置的产品产率,并对汽油组成和丙烯产率具有良好的预测性.     

Kinetic model for hydroisomerization reaction of C-aromatics

Based on the reported reaction networks, a novel six-component hydroisomerization reaction network with a new lumped species including C₈-naphthenes and C₈-paraffins is proposed and a kinetic model for a commercial unit is also developed. An empirical catalyst deactivation function is incorporated into the model accounting for the loss in activity because of coke formation on the catalyst surface during the long-term operation. The Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the ordinary differential equations of the model. The reaction kinetic parameters are benchmarked with several sets of balanced plant data and estimated by the differential variable metric optimization method (BFGS). The kinetic model is validated by an industrial unit with sets of plant data under different operating conditions and simulation results show a good agreement between the model predictions and the plant observations.     

Kinetic model for hydroisomerization reaction of C8-aromatics

Based on the reported reaction networks, a novel six-component hydroisomerization reaction network with a new lumped species including C₈-naphthenes and C₈-paraffins is proposed and a kinetic model for a commercial unit is also developed. An empirical catalyst deactivation function is incorporated into the model accounting for the loss in activity because of coke formation on the catalyst surface during the long-term operation. The Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the ordinary differential equations of the model. The reaction kinetic parameters are benchmarked with several sets of balanced plant data and estimated by the differential variable metric optimization method (BFGS). The kinetic model is validated by an industrial unit with sets of plant data under different operating conditions and simulation results show a good agreement between the model predictions and the plant observations. __________ Translated from Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities, 2007, 21(3): 429–435 [译自: 高校化学工程学报]     

Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation Kinetics of a Heavy Gas Oil over NiMo/Al2O3 Catalysts

1 Introduction The increasing demands of high quality and environment-friendly petroleum products require refineries to treat more heavy oil and residue in the worldwide. Athabasca bitumen derived heavy gas oil(HGO) is a typical feedstock comprising high nitrogen and sulfur heteroatomic compounds, which results in many problems in utilization, such as reducing the stability of fuels, causing storage problems and air pollution. So they need to be removed before being treated in the following u…     

甲苯歧化与C9芳烃烷基转移反应动力学模型和模拟分析

A new kinetic model for commercial unit of toluene disproportionation and C9-armatiocs transalkylation is developed based on the reported reaction scheme.A time based catalyst deactivation function taking weight hourly space velocity（WHSV）into account is incorporated into the model,which reasonably accounts for the loss in activity because of coke deposition on the surface of catalyst during long-term operation.The kinetic parameters are benchmarked with several sets of balanced plant data and estimated by the differential variable metric optimiza- tion method.Sets of plant data at different operating conditions are applied to make sure validation of the model and the results show a good agreement between the model predictions and plant observations.The simulation analysis of key variables such as temperature and WHSV affecting process performance is discussed in detail,giving the guidance to select suitable operating conditions.     

Systematics and modelling representations of LPG thermal cracking for olefin production

Pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is an important commercial process for the production of ethylene, propylene and 1,3 butadiene. These low molecular weight olefins are among the most important base chemicals for the petrochemical industries for polymer production. A simulation program of the reaction kinetics and coke formation inside the coils of a thermal cracking unit can provide information on the effects of operating conditions on the product distribution. The aim of this study was to develop a mechanistic reaction model for the pyrolysis of LPG that can be used to predict the yields of the major products from a given LPG sample with commercial indices. A complete reaction network, using a rigorous kinetic model, for the decomposition of the LPG feed has been developed, which is used for the simulation of industrial LPG crackers. This model has been adapted using industrial data for the pyrolysis yields of LPG. The present paper attends on the asymptotic coking mechanism and describes the development of a kinetic coking model in the pyrolysis of LPG. Detailed and accurate information about the product distribution, growth of coke layer, the evolution of the tube skin temperatures can be obtained from this simulation. Simulations of this kind can be used to optimize the furnace operation. They can be used as a guide for the adaptation of the operating variables aiming at prolonging the run length of the furnace. The reactor model, as well as kinetic scheme, is tested in an industrial cracking furnace.     

重油催化裂化反应集总动力学模型(Ⅲ)工业装置的模拟计算

讨论了重油催化裂化动力学模型在工业装置上的应用 ,包括掺炼焦化蜡油和减压渣油能力的预测计算以及催化裂化与芳烃抽提组合工艺的模拟计算     

LUMPED MODEL FOR HEAVY OIL CATALYTIC CRACKING REACTION(Ⅲ)SIMULATION CALCULATION OF COMMERCIAL UNITS

讨论了重油催化裂化动力学模型在工业装置上的应用 ,包括掺炼焦化蜡油和减压渣油能力的预测计算以及催化裂化与芳烃抽提组合工艺的模拟计算