基于GRASP的软件维护过程仿真研究

软件维护问题已经日益成为人们关注的焦点,除软件产品本身固有因素(如软件维护性)影响软件维护工作量外,软件维护过程也对它有着重要的影响,一个资源配置合理的维护过程能够提高维护效率,并降低维护费用.文中提出了一个用于对软件维护过程运行进行建模和评估的方法,它能够提高一个维护组织的过程成熟度和效率.该方法建立了基于排队网络软件维护过程模型,并通过GRASP仿真来确定它的运行情况,可以对多种过程方案选择进行仿真,从而避免了实际系统运行实验的风险,仿真结果表明,该方法切实有效,它为软件维护过程的分析及过程改进提供了一个可行的方法.     

软件维护成熟度模型的应用探讨

SM^mm（软件维护成熟度模型）是软件维护过程管理和控制的系统方法，它为软件维护过程的改进提供了指南，为组织的维护能力评估提供了依据。本文对比CMMi总结了SM^mm的体系结构和应用领域，对模型的五级结构、内容和不同成熟度等级间的关系，以及各成熟度等级的行为特征进行了描述，指出了该模型尚存在的一些问题，提出了进行概要要剪裁与详细剪裁应遵循的一般规则。     

基于CMM的软件维护过程管理及其工具研究

本文介绍了基于CMM的软件维护过程,提出了一种软件维护过程模型,并介绍了一种纠错性维护工具的设计及开发过程.     

一个远程软件维护系统

高质量的软件是软件工程所要达到的目标,软件维护在其中发挥着重要的作用。但是,软件维护过程中,维护人员与用户交流困难,难以确定维护需求,从而造成维护的效率低、成本高。本文论述了一种新的软件维护的方法,即远程软件维护(RemoteSoftware Maintenance)。该方法充分利用了Internet和操作系统的功能,它可以帮助用户收集各种软件的维护信息,并通过Internet发送给软件维护人员,为维护人员提供支持。本文还给出了一个基于该方法的远程维护软件SIRMS(Software product Information collec-tion for Remote Maintenance Support)的设计及实现。SIRMS是基于Client/Server结构远程维护软件的客户端,实现了软件维护信息的自动搜集,并通过Internet发送至维护支持中心OSC(Open Support Center),是远程软件维护的有效支持工具。远程软件维护有效克服了软件维护过程的缺点,帮助维护人员确定维护需求,减轻了用户的负担,降低了软件维护的费用。     

基于CMM的软件维护过程管理及其工具研究

本文介绍了基于CMM的软件维护过程,提出了一种软件维护过程模型,并介绍了一种纠错性维护工具的设计及开发过程。     

应用软件系统维护过程成本的研究

阐述了应用软件系统维护过程成本估算的重要性。分析了应用软件系统开发过程对软件维护过程的影响,并提出了软件开发影响因子的概念和软件开发影响因子的估算方法。最后作者分析了软件维护过程中影响维护变化的各种因素,并提出了计算年度软件维护费用估算的方法。     

软件维护模型及其发展

介绍了软件开发模型与软件维护模型及其发展过程，通过对软件开发模型的研究，引出系统生命期的最后一个阶段软件维护的模型。详细讨论了软件维护模型的发展过程及现代维护模型-IEEE维护模型与ISO/IEC 12207的维护模型，并依此对软件维护进行了重新定义，指出软件维护是对一个需要提供高效低费的软件产品进行保障所采取的全部活动，最后对维护模型的发展方向作出简单预测。     

基于分形原理的软件维护性评估

针对软件维护性评估难题,从软件结构复杂度和软件开发维护过程两方面着手,分别对软件维护性进行了定性和定量评估。分析了软件模块结构的空间域自相似性及软件生命周期内的时间域自相似性,提出了基于分形维数的软件维护性定性评估,实现软件维护性评估的定性要求和控制。以维护工作量作为软件维护性核心参数,结合自顶向下评估方法,提出了时间域内软件维护性定量评估。通过虚拟维修训练系统软件美腾2.0到3.0版本升级维护实例,对方法的有效性进行了验证。     

以软件维护为导向的软件工程实践教学

软件维护在现实的软件开发过程中占有十分重要的地位，本文介绍了我院的软件维护实践教学的教学方案以及具体实施情况。     

基于软件模块排序模型的纠正性软件维护

识别有故障倾向的模块能够将有限的资源最大化地用于软件维护.目的是利用软件模块排序模型预测模块故障倾向程度,从而指导纠正性软件维护.研究软件模块排序模型的评估和使用方法,并提出以贝叶斯信念网络改进排序模型的基本定量模型.     

On the limitations of software process assessment and the recognition of a required re-orientation for global process improvement

Through the years many techniques and tools have been tried and failed to deliver substantial global improvements to the software evolution process. The flavour of the early 1990s has been: attempted improvement using software process assessment methods such as CMM, BOOTSTRAP, etc. This paper represents a considerable and coherent critique of software process assessment as a process improvement driver, focusing on the concerns and perceived shortcomings present. A call is made to re-direct attention and resources towards understanding the true nature of software evolution and the software evolution process towards an adequate theory and practice for process improvement, all in order to save us from the computer. The important, possibly crucial role of feedback at many levels of the organizations that follow the processes that implement software development and maintenance is discussed. Utilizing some empirical findings in relation to software system evolution, it is suggested that the ignoring of feedback may be a major reason why the software process is so difficult to improve. It is argued that the clarification of such an important issue will help to achieve a significant step forward in process improvement, and through its exploitation, lead to significant improvements in quality, satisfaction and performance as well as more relevant education and training on process improvement.     

Initiating software process improvement in very small enterprises: Experience with a light assessment tool

The paper concerns software process improvement in Very Small Enterprises (VSEs). It presents briefly a gradual methodology to initiate software process improvement in VSE through three steps approach and develops the first and most original step. This first step is based on a light evaluation achieved by means of a dedicated Micro-Evaluation approach. It has been experimented during 7 years in 86 organizations from three countries. The experience with that utilization tends to show that such a light approach is practicable and promising, at least for the targeted enterprises.     

Measuring the ROI of software process improvement

Software process improvement has been on the agenda of both academics and practitioners, with the Capability Maturity Model as its de facto method. Many companies have invested large sums of money in improving their software processes, and several research papers document SPI's effectiveness. SPI aims to create more effective and efficient software development and maintenance by structuring and optimizing processes. SPI assumes that a well-managed organization with a defined engineering process is more likely to produce products that consistently meet the purchaser's requirements within schedule and budget than a poorly managed organization with no such engineering process. We discuss about the measuring the ROI in software process improvement.     

中小型企业软件过程改进方法研究

软件质量很大程度上取决于生产和维护软件的过程的质量,这一结论已被广泛认可。我国自20世纪90年代开始关注软件过程改进,先后引入ISO9000、CMM/CMMI等过程模型。但这些模型主要源于大型组织的过程经验,在中小型企业中实施起来存在诸多困难。中小型企业如何实施软件过程改进这一问题在业界和学术界一直倍受关注。结合一个典型中小型企业的软件过程改进实践提出了一个持续的、迭代增量的软件过程改进方法,可满足中小型企业希望以较低成本达到良好改进效果的需求。     

Software architecture knowledge for intelligent light maintenance

The maintenance management plays an important role in the monitoring of business activities. It ensures a certain level of services in industrial systems by improving the ability to function in accordance with prescribed procedures. This has a decisive impact on the performance of these systems in terms of operational efficiency, reliability and associated intervention costs. To support the maintenance processes of a wide range of industrial services, a knowledge-based component is useful to perform the intelligent monitoring. In this context we propose a generic model for supporting and generating industrial lights maintenance processes. The modeled intelligent approach involves information structuring and knowledge sharing in the industrial setting and the implementation of specialized maintenance management software in the target information system. As a first step we defined computerized procedures from the conceptual structure of industrial data to ensure their interoperability and effective use of information and communication technologies in the software dedicated to the management of maintenance (E-candela). The second step is the implementation of this software architecture with specification of business rules, especially by organizing taxonomical information of the lighting systems, and applying intelligence-based operations and analysis to capitalize knowledge from maintenance experiences. Finally, the third step is the deployment of the software with contextual adaptation of the user interface to allow the management of operations, editions of the balance sheets and real-time location obtained through geolocation data. In practice, these computational intelligence-based modes of reasoning involve an engineering framework that facilitates the continuous improvement of a comprehensive maintenance regime.     

Adept: A Unified Assessment Method for Small Software Companies

Software process assessments are typically the first step to commencing software process improvement. Small software companies find that many assessment methods are linked to plan-driven improvement models and can be expensive in terms of the resources required. The authors support these claims with statistics from the Irish software industry and present a lightweight assessment method called Adept. Adept unifies an existing plan-driven assessment method and an adapted, risk-based agility/discipline assessment method. Adept has a low resource overhead and does not dictate either a plan-driven or agile process improvement model, making it an attractive assessment method for small software companies     

A Dynamic Integrated Framework for Software Process Improvement

Current software process models (CMM, SPICE, etc.) strongly recommend the application of statistical control and measure guides to define, implement, and evaluate the effects of different process improvements. However, whilst quantitative modeling has been widely used in other fields, it has not been considered enough in the field of software process improvement. During the last decade software process simulation has been used to address a wide diversity of management problems. Some of these problems are related to strategic management, technology adoption, understanding, training and learning, and risk management, among others. In this work a dynamic integrated framework for software process improvement is presented. This framework combines traditional estimation models with an intensive utilization of dynamic simulation models of the software process. The aim of this framework is to support a qualitative and quantitative assessment for software process improvement and decision making to achieve a higher software development process capability according to the Capability Maturity Model. The concepts underlying this framework have been implemented in a software process improvement tool that has been used in a local software organization. The results obtained and the lessons learned are also presented in this paper.     

基于三层体系结构的单元测试框架研究与实现

单元测试是整个测试流程中的基础也是最重要的环节,通过深入研究三层体系结构特点,提出了一种基于该体系结构下的单元测试框架,该框架采用流行的面向接口编程技术,同时将设计模式灵活应用其中,有效指导了整个测试过程。目前整套框架已投入实际项目的运行,并且经过实践证明是切实可行的,不仅能及时发现软件开发过程中潜藏的问题,更有效保证Web应用程序的质量, 节省了后期维护费用的开销。     

All About Software Maintenance: 50 Questions and Answers

This article answers 50 key questions that every software maintenance manager should ask to improve the software maintenance process. Issues include the feasibility and applicability of software reuse and the development of maintainable software as well as the improvement of existing software and achieving programmer and software productivity. An overview of software tools that aid in maintaining code is also provided.