球壳换能器电声效率测量方法研究

换能器电声效率是高强度聚焦超声系统治疗剂量预测的重要参数。基于平面扫描法、辐射力天平法和自易法测量球壳聚焦换能器的输出声功率,同时测量换能器激励电功率,计算得到换能器电声效率。以1.1MHz的球壳换能器为被测对象,平面扫描法的相对扩展不确定度为14.21%,辐射力天平法的相对扩展不确定度为5.82%,自易法的相对扩展不确定度为15.30%。3种方法测量所得电声效率偏差在4%以内,实验证明3种方法在测量球壳聚焦换能器的电声效率时具有较好的一致性。     

1-3型压电复合材料壳式聚焦换能器的研究

为解决压电陶瓷聚焦换能器阻抗高、带宽窄,电声转换效率低等问题,采用新型的1-3型压电复合材料作为聚焦超声换能器材料,设计并制作了一种新型的1-3压电复合材料壳式聚焦换能器。通过对新型换能器的频率特性,电声转换效率研究后和当前应用的PZT壳式聚焦换能器进行对比,证明了1-3型压电复合材料壳式聚焦换能器的阻抗较低,相对带宽达61%,是PZT压电陶瓷壳式聚焦换能器的3.39倍,以及较高的电声转换效率η为54%,是PZT压电陶瓷壳式聚焦换能器的1.68倍。将换能器实际声场检测结果与Matlab声场仿真结果进行对比研究,得出换能器具有较好的声场特性及聚焦效果。为高性能的聚焦换能器的实现提供了理论及实验基础。     

压电复合材料用于透镜式聚焦换能器的研究

为了增加聚焦换能器的带宽, 抑制其多模振动耦合现象, 提高电声转换效率, 实验采用1-3型压电复合材料代替压电陶瓷作为超声发射材料, 设计并制作了一种新型的1-3型压电复合材料透镜式聚焦换能器。通过频率特性的对比研究, 证明了1-3型压电复合材料透镜式聚焦换能器不仅能增加换能器的带宽, 达到PZT压电陶瓷透镜式聚焦换能器带宽的3.13倍, 而且能明显抑制径向振动, 得到单一纯净的厚度振动模态。另外, 1-3型压电复合材料透镜式聚焦换能器的电声转换效率达到PZT压电陶瓷透镜式聚焦换能器的1.88倍, 为高效率聚焦超声换能器的实现提供了理论及实验基础。     

球面聚焦超声换能器的电声特性和测量方法的研究

研究介绍了圆形孔径的球面聚焦压电换能器的基本电声参数：输出声功率、辐射电导、电声效率、自由场发射电流(电压)响应、自由场电压灵敏度、有效面积、有效孔径、声焦距、声束宽度和阻抗(导纳)等电声特性及其测量方法,详细地论述了基于辐射力天平法和自易校准法的测量原理和方法,讨论了它们的内在联系。给出了换能器自易校准中的衍射修正系数和平均反射系数的公式、计算方法和系列数据图表。试验结果表明了测量原理和方法的合理性和可行性。     

功率超声换能器电声效率测试装置的研究

本文以单片机为测试工具，研制了一台测量功率超声换能器电声效率的测试装置，采用本装置可以能动地电声匹配电路电学参数的测量，方便，迅速地测出功率超声换能器在实际工作状态下的电声效率。     

超声换能器的自易校准法及其在功率测量中的应用和它与辐射力法的关系(英文)

论述了电声互易原理和用于平面活塞型与球面聚焦换能器校准的自易法(Self Reciprocity Method,SRM)。介绍了一系列的定义和发送电压(电流)响应与电压灵敏度。阐述了SRM与辐射力天平(Radiation Force Balance,RFB)法之间的关系。在1~25 MHz频率范围内,对超声换能器校准和输出功率测量的实验显示,两种方法具有相近的准确度。SRM法比RFB法测量具有更高的信噪比和更好的稳定性。     

基于自易校准技术的柱面会聚波超声功率测量研究

基于自易校准技术研究了柱面会聚波超声功率的测量方法。首先从定义柱面会聚波的互易常数、自由场发送电流响应及电压灵敏度等电声特性参数开始,重点讨论了反射系数及衍射修正系数的计算方法,推导了凹圆柱面聚焦换能器声功率自易测量计算的表达式。然后,将实测结果与辐射力法的测量结果比较取得很好的一致性。通过实验证明了自易校准法应用于柱面会聚波超声功率测量的合理性和可行性。     

超声换能器检测方法的研究

超声检测技术广泛使用在无损检测领域中,而换能器是超声工程中极其重要的技术和分支领域。超声换能器是一种电声能量转换器件,是超声检测技术中的关键,直接影响无损检测结果的可靠性,本文阐述了超声换能器的原理和测量接触换能器的检测方法,分析了A型换能器脉冲回波灵敏度校准的不确定度。     

水声换能器大功率特性测量装置不确定度分析

本文根据国际标准化组织推荐的新概念测量不确定度的定义,通过水声换能器大功率特性测量装置实际测量参数,分析计算由各种因素引起的不确定度分量,给出大功率特性测量装置的7个电声参数的测量不确定度。     

A3夹心式压电超声扭转换能器的研制

本文对夹心式压电超声扭转振动换能器进行了理论及实验研究，得出了对称型扭转振动夹心换能器的共振频率设计方程，给出了频率方程式中一些主要的物理量的具体表达式。在此基础上，实际设计并制作了一个夹心扭转振动换能器，并对其所有的电声参数进行了测试     

线阵相控换能器阵列参数对聚焦性能的影响分析

针对超声相控阵检测中广泛使用的一维线阵换能器,通过建立其声场数学模型和引入指向性函数,仿真分析了阵列参数对声束聚焦性能的影响,提出了改善换能器声场性能的措施。最后对优化参数的阵列换能器声场进行实验测试,测试结果表明其具有良好的声束聚焦性能,为超声相控阵缺陷检测中换能器的选择提供了参考。     

B超诊断仪凸阵阵元高度方向复合聚焦声场的研究

文章研究B超诊断仪凸阵阵元高度方向复合聚焦声场的计算推导了方便实用的计算公式。然后进行了实验和数值计算,实验结果与理论预测相当吻合,偏差不超过7％。最后在计算机上进行数值仿真,进一步研究了声透镜的几何参数影响声场参数的规律。     

Design and optimization of an OPFC ultrasonic linear phased array transducer

In contrast to piezoceramics, orthotropic piezoelectric fibre composites (OPFC) which can be used as actuator/sensor elements in damage detection show clear advantages because of their high sensitivity along the fibre direction and directivity. The focusing acoustic field distribution of the OPFC phased array transducer is analyzed by the finite element method together with directivity analysis in metallic materials. The optimal array parameters such as spacing, width and number of elements are obtained by studying the total displacement changes as various parameters change at the focus point. The feasibility of an OPFC ultrasonic phased array transducer for damage detection is validated.     

基元控制的方式优化自聚焦换能器聚焦声场的研究

根据HY2900聚焦超声治疗系统聚焦换能器采用6基元自聚焦方式的特点,通过对6基元聚焦换能器排序及数量的控制,达到了避让特定部位的目的。采用亥姆霍兹-基尔霍夫积分计算并用HY2900声场测量软件测量换能器在脱气水中声场的分布。对6基元换能器排序进行定义,结合水听器控制基元数及排序。在对换能器基元全驱动,关闭1、6基元,关闭1、2、6基元,关闭1、3、5基元的四种状况下测量聚焦换能器途径声场及焦平面声场分布。研究发现焦点上10 mm声场分布平面直接反映换能器基元数及随排序的改变换能器聚焦声途径的变化,可通过对换能器基元排序及数量的控制,优化其途径声场分布。     

Beam steering with pulsed two-dimensional transducer arrays

The major problem facing the development of 2-D arrays for imaging is the complexity arising from the large number of elements anticipated in such transducers. The authors have undertaken a theoretical investigation of the focusing and steering properties of pulsed 2-D arrays to characterize the parameters required for medical imaging, such as element size, spacing, and number of elements. Details of the computational methods employed are presented, as well as a discussion of the steered beam properties of wideband 2-D arrays. The effects of apodization and element cross-coupling on the beam properties of a 2-D transducer array are examined. The beam properties of various sparse arrays with elements randomly distributed over the aperture of the transducer are discussed.     

超声聚能器空化腐蚀的研究进展

空化腐蚀是影响超声聚能器工作效率和使用寿命的重要因素,研究超声聚能器的空化腐蚀具有重要意义。分析了超声聚能器材质、辐射面粗糙度、材料的微观组织结构和力学性能对其抗空化腐蚀的影响,探讨了抑制空化腐蚀的相关措施。     

A parametric study of ultrasonic beam profiles for a linear phased array transducer

A numerical simulation model is presented to investigate the influences of design parameters of linear phased array transducers on beam focusing and steering performance. The characteristic of ultrasonic beam profiles has been simulated on the basis of the Huygen's superposition principle. For the simulation, a linear phased array is considered as the composition of finite number of elements separated by equidistance. Individual elements are considered as two-dimensional point sources. The waves generated from piezoelectric elements are considered as simplified transient ultrasonic waves that are constructed with the cosine function enveloped with a Hanning window. The characteristic of ultrasonic wave propagation into a medium from the phased array transducer is described. The effects of the number, the interelement spacing, steering angle, the focal length, and frequency bandwidth of the piezoelectric elements on beam directivity and ultrasonic pressure field in a linear phased array transducer are systematically discussed.     

Focusing PVDF transducers for acoustic microscopy

A focusing transducer based on a 9-µm thick PVDF foil was fabricated and tested for performance. The transducer operates in the frequency range of 20–160 MHz. For operation at 78 MHz in water, a lateral resolution of 27.5 µm and a vertical resolution of 35 µm have been observed. Acoustic images of a transistor have been obtained with the focusing PVDF transducer.     

The focusing of surface-acoustic-waves launched from a slanted chirped transducer. I. Isotropic substrate

The focusing behavior of surface acoustic waves launched from a slanted chirped transducer (SCT) is explored using both a continuum model and a discrete model for sources associated with a linear FM chirp transducer on a substrate with isotropic properties. The continuum model leads to the prediction of an understanding of effects that would arise in the radiation field of an SCT on an isotropic substrate. It is based on a representation of the transducer as a continuum of sources, with the radiation field determined by applying the stationary phase method, and is presented for infinitesimally short fingers. It is compared with a more direct and exact but less revealing method of determining the field based on a discrete array of sources. The effects of increasing finger lengths are considered. The results are related to the focusing of radiation by a lens.     

Determination of an optimal image frame interval for frame-to-frame ultrasound image motion tracking

Several important clinical applications depend on accurate ultrasound image frame-to-frame motion estimation. Assuming that there is a degree of finite noise in the image frames and that speckle partially decorrelates between successive frames during freehand scanning, we hypothesize that an optimal inter-frame interval (step size) must exist that provides the smallest relative dimensional error over a set of accumulated motion estimates. Smaller frame increments suffer from less decorrelation-related inaccuracy but present greater potential for cumulative error because more estimates are used over any specific dimensional interval. We studied these effects using a combination of theoretical modeling, numerical simulation, and experiments. Components of diagonal motion due to the limitations of manual transducer movement were considered as the cause of decorrelation. The results were examined for four different angles of the diagonal motion and two different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. These indicate that an optimal step size does exist and that this is dependent on many variables including SNR, angle of the diagonal motion, transducer geometry, lens focusing parameters, transducer operating frequency, and beamforming parameters. In practical experiments, we found that the optimal step size generally required using every available image frame rather than 'skipping' any intermediate frames.