松香基可分解型表面活性剂的合成及性能

以歧化松香为原料,经酰氯化、酯化、磷酸化、成盐等反应,合成4种可分解型松香基表面活性剂(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、SAA-Ⅲ、SAA-Ⅳ)。利用FTIR和NMR对其进行了结构表征,并考察了其表面和分解性能。结果表明,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、SAA-Ⅲ、SAA-Ⅳ的临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为4.69×10–3、5.15×10–3、2.65×10–3和1.71×10–3 mol/L,对应的表面张力(γCMC)分别为48.2、41.4、34.6和33.2 m N/m。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、SAA-Ⅲ、SAA-Ⅳ在乳化体系(石蜡/水)中分出10 m L水的时间分别为11、128、90和98 s,初始起泡高度分别为16.0、18.5、18.0和23.0 mm,5 min后泡沫高度变化依次为6.0、4.0、4.0和11.5 mm;松香酯表面活性剂Ⅱ具有优异的乳化性能,而松香磷酯表面活性剂SAA-Ⅳ具有优异的起泡性能。松香基酯表面活性剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ的浊点分别约为90和80℃,松香磷酯表面活性剂SAA-Ⅲ和SAA-Ⅳ的Krafft点分别在30~40℃和50~60℃,且浊点和Krafft点均随分子链的增长而增大。室温强酸条件下的酸水解实验表明,4种表面活性剂均具有可分解性。     

马来松香聚甘油酯的合成及性能研究

马来松香与聚甘油反应,合成了一种非离子表面活性剂马来松香聚甘油酯(PGMRE)。对产品结构进行了红外光谱分析,测定了产品的表面物理化学性能,合成产品临界表面张力为39 9mN/m～46 0mN/m,临界胶束浓度在9 4×10-4mol/L～2 3×10-3mol/L数量级,钙皂分散指数是9 0%～26 7%,与松节油之间的界面张力为8 0mN/m～13 9mN/m,对松节油乳化力为38s～100s,泡沫性能是11mm～65mm,润湿力为70s～102s。系统研究了甘油聚合度对产品表面物理化学性能的影响。并与聚甘油硬脂酸酯(PGSE)和聚甘油异硬脂酸酯(PGISE)的表面物理化学性能进行了比较。结果表明PGMRE是一种性能优良的非离子表面活性剂,可作为乳化剂、破乳剂和缓蚀剂等使用。     

改性松香基非离子表面活性剂的合成及性能

以松香和聚甘油为原料,合成了一种松香基非离子表面活性剂,得到不同甘油聚合度的产物。得到的松香基非离子表面活性剂的表面物化性能为:表面张力44 2～49 6mN/m;临界胶束浓度8 0×10-4～25 6×10-4mol/L;钙皂分散指数13 5%～21 5%;界面张力11 7～18 9mN/m;乳化力44～85s;泡沫性能6～46mm;润湿力87～121s。并对甘油聚合度和产物表面性能的关系进行了考察。     

一种新型的松香聚氧乙烯蔗糖酯的合成与性能研究

以丙烯酸松香、聚乙二醇、蔗糖合成了一种新型的松香系列易降解的非离子表面活性剂 ,用IR谱、TGA谱进行结构表征 ,对其表面性质进行了测定和探讨。终产品在pH =8～ 9时 ,FP =2 0 8mm ;在 3 0× 10 -4 mol/L的Ca2 +中 ,DP =85 % ,FP =178mm ,浓度为 2× 10 -4 mol/L时 ,δcmc =3 3mN/m ,浊点 <77℃ ,产品耐温≤ 15 0℃     

多支化阳离子聚氨酯表面活性剂的制备与性能

摘 要：为研究具有多条烷基长链的多支化阳离子聚氨酯表面活性剂的结构控制方法及其构效关系，以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、N-甲基二乙醇胺、十六醇和溴代烷烃为原料，制备了一系列多支化长链烷基季铵型聚氨酯表面活性剂（SC2、SC3、SC4）。产物结构经红外光谱、凝胶色谱和核磁共振氢谱进行确证。对其临界表面张力、Krafft点、发泡性、乳化性及耐盐性进行了测试。由于单体、产物与溶剂的极性差异，导致具有三支长链烷基的阳离子聚氨酯表面活性剂（SC3）无法按配方设计获得，其产物为SC2与SC4的混合物。具有双十六烷基的阳离子聚氨酯表面活性剂（SC2）的临界表面张力（γCMC）为23.61mN/m，对应的临界胶束浓度（CMC）为0.30×10-3mol/L，Krafft点为23℃；具有四支十六烷基的阳离子聚氨酯表面活性剂（SC4）的γCMC为30.35mN/m，CMC为0.25×10-3mol/L，Krafft点为41℃；同时，产物具有较高的表面活性和良好的乳化、发泡、耐盐性能。结果表明，对于具有复杂结构的表面活性剂而言，基于异氰酸酯与羟基反应的制备方法简单可靠。 关键词：聚氨酯表面活性剂；多支化；阳离子；构效关系     

十八烷基甲基二羟乙基溴化铵的应用性能研究

研究了合成的阳离子季铵盐表面活性剂十八烷基甲基二羟乙基溴化铵的乳化性能、泡沫性能、增溶性能、再润湿力、柔软性及白度、杀菌性及抗静电性等应用性能,其CMC值为3.18×10-5mol/L,表面张力为22.7 mN/m,Krafft点小于0℃。其增溶性能、杀菌性、再润湿性能优越,同时有较好的乳化性能、发泡力和柔软性能,对织物白度的影响较小。该阳离子表面活性剂可用于配置性能优良的洗涤剂、纺织助剂、杀菌剂。     

2,3-双八氟戊烷基甘油醚-1-硫酸酯钠的合成及表面性能

以八氟戊醇（HCF2CF2CF2CF2CH2OH）和2, 3-二溴丙醇为原料，设计并合成了甘油醚类氟碳表面活性剂（2,3-双八氟戊烷基甘油醚-1-硫酸酯钠，BOFPGS），通过FTIR、NMR以及MS等对中间产物（2,3-双八氟戊烷基-1-丙醇）和最终产物（BOFPGS）进行了结构表征。对BOFPGS进行了表面张力测试，结果表明，BOFPGS的临界胶束浓度（CMC）为4.16 × 10-3mol/L，CMC对应的表面张力为22.70 mN/m。将不同浓度的BOFPGS水溶液和相同体积的液体石蜡乳化后，析水率随着时间延长而增大，乳液在乳化30 min时趋于稳定。BOFPGS浓度低至0.8 × 10-3 mol/L时，其仍具有较好的乳化性能。利用噻唑蓝（MTT）法对该表面活性剂的细胞毒性进行测试，结果表明，BOFPGS在8.04 × 10-6 ~ 1.60 × 10-4 mol/L内无明显细胞毒性。     

间苯二甲酸酯Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

N,N-二甲基乙醇胺与间苯二甲酰氯反应获得二(N,N-二甲基胺基乙基)间苯二甲酸酯,再分别与溴代正十二烷和溴代正十六烷制得两种含酯基Gemini阳离子表面活性剂(C12-O-C12、C16-O-C16)。采用IR、1 H NMR、元素分析表征了其结构。测定了其临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为6.91×10-4 mol/L、7.07×10-5 mol/L;平衡表面张力(γCMC)分别为41.9 mN/m、40.8 mN/m;Krafft点分别为0℃、43℃。并研究了其乳化性、泡沫性质等。     

邻苯二甲酸酯Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

研究采用N,N-二甲基乙醇胺与邻苯二甲酰氯反应得到二（二甲基胺基乙基）邻苯二甲酸酯（I）,然后（I）再与正溴代十六烷反应,经处理后得到邻苯二甲酸酯基Gemini表面活性剂SHZ16,收率83%（以邻苯二甲酰氯计）。用两相滴定法分析其纯度为99.2%。采用电导法测定了其CMC值为2.02×10-5mol/L,采用滴体积法测定了CMC为41.87mN/m, 并研究了其増溶性、粘度、乳化性能和泡沫性质,其性能优于传统表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）。     

一种氟碳Gemini表面活性剂的合成与性能

以全氟辛基磺酰氟、N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺、环氧氯丙烷、氧氯化磷等为原料,合成出了以亲水性的磷酸二氯丙烷单酯为连接基团的亲水柔性间隔基双子型氟碳表面活性剂.通过红外光谱对合成的中间体和表面活性剂进行了结构表征.测试了该表面活性剂的水溶液最低表面张力为23.2 mN/m、临界胶束浓度为1.55 × 10-3mol/L、等电点pH为3.0～11.0,C20为2.82×10-7mol/L,考察了其发泡性等.并将合成的氟表面活性剂的表面性能与常用表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠进行比较,证实了该氟碳表面活性剂具有优越的表面活性.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。