Effect of tangent track buckle on vehicle derailment

In order to investigate the effect of a tangent track buckle on the dynamic derailment of a railway vehicle, a coupled vehicle/track dynamics model is developed, in which the vehicle is modeled as a 35 D.O.F. multibody system and the track is modeled as a 3-layer discrete elastic support model. Rails are assumed to be Timoshenko beams supported by discrete sleepers, and the effects of vertical and lateral motions and rolling of the rail on the wheel/rail creepages are taken into account. The sleepers are treated as Euler beams on elastic foundation for the vertical vibration, while as lumped masses in the lateral direction. A moving sleeper support model is developed to simulate the effect of the periodical discrete sleepers on the vehicle/track interaction. The vehicle and the track are coupled by wheel/rail contacts whereas the normal forces and the creep forces are calculated using the Hertzian contact theory and the nonlinear creep theory by Shen et al., respectively. The equations of motion of the coupled vehicle/track system are solved by means of an explicit integration method. A tangent track buckle is simulated with a cosine function, which describes the misalignment of the track with different lengths due to its buckling. In the analysis the effects of the buckle wavelength and amplitude and of the vehicle speed on the dynamic behavior of the coupled vehicle/track system are considered. The present paper analyzes in detail the conventional derailment coefficients which include the ratio of the wheel/rail lateral force to the vertical force, the wheel load reduction, and the new criteria indicating the wheel/rail contact point traces and the wheel rise with respect to the rail. These criteria are simultaneously used to evaluate the risk of derailment of the whole vehicle. The numerical results obtained indicate that the track misalignment caused by the buckle and the vehicle speed have a great influence on the whole vehicle running safety when the vehicle passes through the buckled tangent track.     

基于有限元分析的地铁车辆转向架构架优化设计

为实现地铁车辆转向架的轻量化设计,参照国际标准UIC 615-4,计算某地铁车辆转向架构架的主要载荷.将垂向载荷、横向载荷和纵向载荷等6种载荷组合成5种超常载荷工况,经有限元强度分析,找出应力薄弱点.通过优化模型的建立和OptiStruct的优化,实现转向架构架的轻量化设计,总质量减轻约12%.     

基于不同线路条件下的车辆动力学性能分析

随着我国在既有线上的线路改造和载运量的不断增加,对线路参数的设计要求也随之提高。应用动力学方法建立车辆-轨道系统动力学模型,研究不同曲线半径和线路激励对车辆动力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：增加曲线半径有利于增加车辆曲线通过安全性,车辆经过曲线线路连接处时脱轨概率变大,驶入曲线时的脱轨系数明显高于驶出曲线,重点考虑曲线线路连接位置处的车辆通过速度以及车辆运行状态;适当增加曲线半径可以减少轮轨间磨耗,有效降低磨耗速度;轨道激励变化对车辆临界速度的影响较大,应根据实际运行工况模拟得出最佳临界速度范围。     

高速列车多目标约束横向半主动控制算法研究

传统的高速列车横向半主动控制研究,主要以提高车体横向运行平稳性为目的;但车体与各部件之间通过二系悬挂与一系悬挂连接传递相互耦合振动作用,因此半主动控制在改善车体横向平稳性的同时,将导致构架横向振动和轮轨横向作用加剧,从而使得列车脱轨系数增大,列车运行安全性能变差;针对这一问题,提出在虚拟惯性阻尼半主动控制和脱轨安全半主动控制的基础上,设计两个控制回路的多目标约束下的混合半主动控制算法,在实现列车横向半主动控制提高平稳性的同时,控制脱轨系数的恶化,从而同时提高列车平稳性和脱轨安全性能;并利用Simpack建立了某型高速列车多刚体动力学模型,联合Matlab/Simulink建立了联合仿真分析系统对车体横向半主动控制进行研究;结果表明:采用多目标约束半主动控制算法后,车体横向振动加速度峰值和均方根值分别降低了36%和34%,平稳性改善了15%,脱轨系数减小了17%;可见采用多目标约束半主动控制算法不仅能够有效抑制车体横向振动,改善列车运行平稳性,而且还能减小列车脱轨系数,提高列车运行安全性。     

基于多体动力学的车辆道岔通过性能研究

道岔复杂的轮轨关系及其变截面特性是车辆通过道岔时引起振动甚至脱轨的关键因素.根据60kg/m钢轨18号可动心轨道岔设计布置图,在多体动力学软件中建立车辆—道岔耦合系统模型,在此基础上对车辆—道岔系统模型进行验证,仿真计算车辆侧向和直向通过道岔的动力学响应.结果表明转辙器区、辙叉区轨道截面变化和轮轨型面匹配是影响车辆动力学性能的主要因素.最后,对车辆侧向通过离散轨道模型工况下的动力学响应进行仿真计算,讨论道岔轨下整体刚度和阻尼对模型动力学性能的影响,为改善车辆通过道岔时的动力学性能、道岔轨下刚度与阻尼参数匹配提供理论基础.     

轨道扣件检测系统设计与分析

为了满足轨道扣件动态检测的需求,设计了一种轨道扣件检测系统,包括照明系统、摄像系统等并通过悬挂系统安装在转向架构架前端。通过关键设备参数的选型计算,设计了安装结构然后校核悬挂系统的螺栓强度,验证其螺栓连接的可靠性。并对整体结构采用ANSYS Workbench有限元分析以及实验室验证,系统符合要求,满足线路的检测需要。     

基于多传感器多路径规划自动泊车系统仿真及实车验证

针对无人驾驶汽车比赛进行的研究和设计。根据阿克曼转向几何建立汽车运动学模型,采用多种传感器构建感知系统识别车位,为不同车位设计了平行、垂直和单段三种泊车路径,籍由触角算法控制汽车跟踪规划路径,用Matlab仿真,在VC2005平台上实车测试。比赛中,＂智能先锋号＂车位检测与车身控制准确,避免了其他参赛队漏检错检或碰到障碍物的失误,为拿下最终比赛的胜利垫定了基础。     

双车道公路弯道驾驶员轨迹决策行为研究

车辆行驶轨迹是道路路线安全性和舒适性评价的重要指标之一。采用计算机仿真技术,模拟驾驶员操纵车辆行驶时的轨迹决策行为,研究在自由流交通状态下,道路几何线形对车辆行驶轨迹的影响规律。为此,在郭孔辉院士提出的预瞄最优曲率模型的基础上,引入了SK道路几何模型,建立了实际道路条件输入的驾驶员方向控制模型。得到以下主要研究结论：当驾驶员轨迹决策行为只受道路本身条件影响时,且车辆在进入曲线段时,行驶轨迹存在着朝曲线内侧偏移的运动趋势;在出曲线段时,车辆行驶轨迹趋向朝曲线外侧偏移。平曲线半径大小对驾驶员轨迹决策行为有着显著的影响,圆曲线半径越大,行车轨迹侧向偏移量越小,反之越大。     

轴箱内置与外置直线电机地铁车辆曲线通过性能对比

为比较轴箱内置与外置直线电机地铁车辆的曲线通过性能,建立直线电机地铁车辆-无砟轨道耦合动力学模型.模型将直线电机定子和转子考虑为Euler梁,将定子与转子之间的垂向电磁力作为气隙的函数,将轨道系统简化为梁-三维实体有限元模型.详细比较轴箱内置与外置直线电机车辆曲线通过时的轮对冲角、轮轨横向力、脱轨因数、运行平稳性和车轮磨耗指数.结果表明:在不同的曲线半径和行车速度以及车轮踏面周向存在非均匀磨耗的状态下,轴箱内置直线电机车辆的曲线通过性能均优于轴箱外置车辆;随着曲线半径增加,轴箱外置直线电机车辆动力学性能迅速减小,而轴箱内置式车辆缓慢减小.     

交通事故中车辆运动轨迹估计方法研究与仿真

研究交通事故中车辆的前期运动轨迹的准确估计问题。车辆在行进过程中轨迹随机性较强,一旦发生意外事故,会发生方向或者速度突变。运用传统方式进行事故中的车辆运动轨迹估计,方向或者速度突变会造成车辆运行线性变换参数与车辆运行轨迹估计参数存在差异,降低了车辆运动轨迹估计结果的准确率。为了避免上述问题,提出了一种物联网技术的交通事故中车辆运动轨迹估计方法。采用物联网技术,对事故中的车辆运动轨迹进行分析,运用轨迹突变参数融合将车辆运动参数数据进行统一处理,克服突变因素带来的影响。实验证明,利用物联网技术进行车辆运动轨迹估计,并取得了满意的效果,为保证车辆交通安全提供了科学依据。     

基于虚拟现实的装甲车辆运动仿真研究

装甲车行驶中车体姿态的仿真是模拟驾驶训练系统的关键技术.为实现不同地形下基于虚拟现实的装甲车辆驾驶模拟,本文提出了基于虚拟现实的装甲车辆运动仿真方法.首先,构建装甲车辆的结构、外形和真实的地形,采用第一和第三视角同步显示驾驶场景;其次,建立车辆行驶的动力学模型,求解车身在不同地形下的车身姿态数据;最后,通过Unity3D引擎实现整个场景和车体姿态的动态渲染.通过实验证明,该方法能够准确的模拟各种地形条件下的车体姿态,真实的仿真车辆的运行状态.     

Model-based object tracking in monocular image sequences of road traffic scenes

Moving vehicles are detected and tracked automatically in monocular image sequences from road traffic scenes recorded by a stationary camera. In order to exploit the a priori knowledge about shape and motion of vehicles in traffic scenes, a parameterized vehicle model is used for an intraframe matching process and a recursive estimator based on a motion model is used for motion estimation. An interpretation cycle supports the intraframe matching process with a state MAP-update step. Initial model hypotheses are generated using an image segmentation component which clusters coherently moving image features into candidate representations of images of a moving vehicle. The inclusion of an illumination model allows taking shadow edges of the vehicle into account during the matching process. Only such an elaborate combination of various techniques has enabled us to track vehicles under complex illumination conditions and over long (over 400 frames) monocular image sequences. Results on various real-world road traffic scenes are presented and open problems as well as future work are outlined.     

基于图像处理的交通事故检测及责任判定

为了在发生轻微交通事故时, 快速使事故车辆驶离现场, 保证道路畅通, 提出了一种车辆碰撞检测及责任判定模型. 首先结合SSD目标检测算法(single shot multibox detector)和MobileNet轻量级深度网络模型, 对其进行改进以获取每一帧视频图像中运动目标的位置和大小信息, 实现对车辆识别与检测. 其次, 利用卡尔曼滤波器对连续图像帧之间的运动目标建立对应匹配关系, 预测目标的运动状态, 对目标的位置及运动趋势做出判断, 实现车辆轨迹跟踪. 随后通过车辆目标检测框的交并比判断是否发生碰撞. 最后针对直行道路中车辆的速度、方向信息结合道路安全条例及机动车事故快速方法对事故车辆进行责任判定. 结果分析表明, 该研究可实现直行道路场景下的追尾及变道引发的车辆碰撞检测及责任判定.     

基于LabVIEW和PXI的城市轨道车辆转向架测试系统

为了能够快速准确地实现对城市轨道车辆转向架的性能测试，搭建了基于虚拟仪器编程语言LabVIEW和PXI总线测试技术的城市轨道车辆转向架测试平台。应用单线程多卡耦合循环软件架构和错误跟踪方法，保证了多数据采集卡的协调运行和测试系统的可靠性；采用双字节整数保存法优化实时数据的存储，消除了硬盘存储瓶颈。实际应用证明，该测试系统适应性强、可靠性高，使用方便、灵活，能够充分满足城市轨道车辆转向架的测试要求。     

钢轨波磨对地铁车辆动力学响应的影响

建立地铁车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,将钢轨视为弹性离散点支撑的无限长Timoshenko梁,将实测钢轨短波波磨不平顺数据作为不平顺激励.通过数值计算得到在科隆蛋扣件线路上不平顺发展过程中车辆动力学响应的变化情况.随着短波波磨不平顺幅值的增大,轮对和转向架的横、垂向加速度以及轮轨横、垂向力均呈增大趋势,且受不平顺程度的影响较大.结果表明钢轨波磨主要影响车辆系统的垂向振动.     

A method to predict the derailment of rolling stock due to collision using a theoretical wheelset derailment model

A wheelset derailment model on rolling stock was developed to predict train collision-induced derailment. This model is based on the theoretical derailment behaviors of a wheelset under suspension loads. This theoretical derailment model was numerically simulated using commercial dynamics software, wherein it is demonstrated that this model is useful for predicting train collision-induced derailment. Furthermore, this theoretical derailment model was incorporated into a virtual testing model that did not consider wheel–rail contact conditions in order to evaluate useful applications to the derailment prediction of a train collision. The derailment behaviors of this virtual testing model, which were predicted by applying the theoretical derailment model under the condition of no wheel–rail contact, were closely correlated to those derived from simulations that considered surface-to-surface contact conditions.     

T-CPS下考虑人驾车行为影响的混行车辆协同控制

由于传统人驾车(traditional human-driven vehicles,HVs)驾驶行为会受到驾驶员的心理和生理活动的不确定性影响,可能使得车辆频繁地加减速,进而导致混合交通条件下网联自动车(connected and automated vehicles,CAVs)很难快速跟踪此行为.针对这一问题,首先提出一种提前预测传统人驾车行为的组合神经网络.在此基础上,考虑通信时延和车辆运动学特性,设计一种基于交通信息物理系统(transportation-cyber physical system,T-CPS)的混行车群内车辆协同控制策略,使其能够快速跟踪上传统人驾车行为,并对混行车群内网联自动车之间的串稳定性进行分析.最后,在混合交通条件下设置由1辆传统人驾车、1辆领头网联自动车和4辆跟随网联自动车形成的混行车群,利用下一代交通仿真(next generation simulation,NGSIM)车辆轨迹数据选出高质量传统人驾车状态,并通过仿真实验验证所提协同控制策略的有效性和可行性.由仿真实验结果可知,所提协同控制策略可以保证所有的网联自动车能够快速跟踪上传统人驾车行为,为解决新型混合交通带来的新问题提供一定的理论指导和借鉴.     

车体和构架的弹性对构架动载荷和动应力的影响

以无摇枕结构转向架车辆为例,建立将车体和构架分别考虑成刚体或弹性体的4个动力学分析模型,进行多个速度级下的动力学分析以及构架的动应力响应分析,给出对比分析结果,根据分析结果对考虑车辆部件弹性动力学模型的建立提出建议.     

直线轨道涡流制动对高速列车制动动力学特性的影响

列车制动性能直接影响车辆运行安全性和平稳性、稳定性,本文研究了加装直线轨道涡流制动系统对不同动力分配方式的高速列车制动动力学特性的影响规律.首先建立了6M2T和4M4T两种编组方式的列车动力学仿真模型,并与线路实验数据进行对比,验证了模型的有效性.基于该模型,研究了不同时速下的列车在不同动力分配形式下的动力学特性.针对惰行工况、电空制动工况与加装直线轨道涡流制动系统的联合制动工况,分别研究了第1、5、8节车厢的Sperling 指标、脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轨作用力的变化规律,研究结果表明,动力分配方式、制动特性对车辆动力学性能有显著影响,涉及的关键动力学性能指标均满足安全限值标准,研究结果将为高速列车加装直线轨道涡流制动系统提供理论参考.     

A numerical method for prediction of curved rail wear

Important published papers on rail wear in the past were reviewed. A numerical method was put forward to predict curved rail wear during a railway vehicle curving. The numerical method was discussed in detail. It considered a combination of Kalker’s non-Hertzian rolling contact theory, rail material wear model, the coupling dynamics of the vehicle and track, and the three-dimensional contact geometry analysis of wheel-rail. In its numerical implementation, the dynamical parameters of all the parts of the vehicle and track, such as normal loads and creepages of the wheels and rails, were firstly obtained through the curving dynamics analysis. The wheel-rail contact geometry calculation gave the wheel-rail contact geometry parameters, which were used in the wheel-rail rolling contact calculation with Kalker’s non-Hertzian rolling contact theory modified. The friction work densities on the contact areas of the wheels and rails were obtained in the rolling contact calculation, and were used to predict the rail running surface wears caused by the multiple wheels of the vehicle simultaneously with the rail material wear model. In the rail material wear model, it was assumed that the mass loss of each unit area was proportional to the frictional work density in the contact area. A numerical example was present to verify the present method. The numerical results of the example are reasonable, and indicate that the high rail wear of the curved track caused by the leading wheelset is much more serious than those caused by the other three wheels of the same bogie.