Potential impacts of ultra-high-pressure (UHP) technology on NFPA Standard 403

Ultra-high-pressure (UHP) technology as well as compressed air foam (CAF) and combined agent firefighting systems (CAFFS) have proven to enhance the performance of firefighting equipment using water and aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). UHP systems are capable of producing small water droplets at high velocity. As droplet size is reduced, surface area relative to mass increases, improving heat transfer. Smaller droplets however, experience greater drag, reducing throw distance. Findings indicate that on average, 150 m/s exit plane velocities result in maximum throw distances of between 4600 and 5600 orifice diameters. UHP prototype and full-scale testing conducted from 2004 to 2006 found that exit plane velocities of 150 m/s were found to produce 90–100 μm droplets, sizes considered optimal for fire extinguishment. In addition, UHP systems were able to extinguish two-dimensional fuel fires ranging in area from 81.6 to 613.8 m² using one-third the agent when compared to baseline AFFF tests, and one-tenth the NFPA 403 standard.     

人造夹芯板与泡沫塑料导热率的对比研究

目前低密度纤维板具有较好的机械性,而导热率是保温材料性能的重要指标之一.试验中测得密度为340kg/m3(WBP340)与410kg/m3(WBP410)的导热率分别是0.070W/(m·K)和0.077W/(m·K).对比其他常用保温材料,低密度的纤维板的导热率特性优于实木,稍逊于泡沫塑料.考虑环保因素,低密度纤维板...     

聚氨酯泡沫/木质纤维复合材料的制备及其性能初探

以聚醚多元醇、多次甲基多苯基异氰酸酯(MDI)及木质纤维为原料,采用一步法制备了木质纤维增强硬泡聚氨酯复合材料。研究了木质纤维的长径比、用量对复合材料的力学性能、导热系数和其他性能的影响。结果表明,当长径比为40:1、添加量为10%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、压缩强度分别为4.8、5.6 MPa,与未增强的材料相比分别提高了2.06、2.20倍。并且增强聚氨酯复合材料的导热系数比未增强材料的导热系数更低,为0.017 W/(m.K)。     

一种新型泡沫玻璃轻骨料混凝土配比正交试验分析

为进一步研究泡沫玻璃轻骨料在混凝土中的应用,本实验组在之前已完成的泡沫玻璃轻骨料混凝土的基础上将陶砂替换为玻化微珠进行混掺保温混凝土的正交试验,对影响该新型泡沫玻璃轻骨料混凝土的热导率和抗压强度的相关因素进行分析。分析结果显示,发泡剂水泥取得量是混凝土抗压强度与热导率最大的决定因素。但本实验仍需寻找一种新型相对高强度、低热导率的材料作为骨料,并学习成熟的加气混凝土制作技术,以此提高混凝土的抗压强度。     

泡沫玻璃轻骨料混凝土配比正交试验分析

为研究泡沫玻璃轻骨料在混凝土中的应用,通过泡沫玻璃、陶砂骨料混掺保温混凝土的正交试验,对影响泡沫玻璃轻骨料混凝土的容重、导热系数和抗压强度的相关因素进行分析。分析结果表明,发泡剂水泥取得量与骨胶比对保温混凝土的抗压强度、导热系数影响最大。最后,因制备的泡沫玻璃轻骨料混凝土保温效果良好但强度仅能达到C5,推荐制成保温砌块应用于墙体。     

Aspirating vs. nonaspirating nozzles for making fire fighting foams — Evaluation of a nonaspirating nozzle

The use of nonaspirating nozzles for effective application of aqueous film-forming foam is almost a controversial topic. Fire tests on gasoline compared several commercial nozzles (aspirating and nonaspirating), revealing significant difference in the extinguishment of large fires. A new variable stream nonaspirating nozzle was tested, and by comparison found to be marginally acceptable. Consequences of choosing the wrong equipment for use with various foams and their use on a variety of flammable liquids are discussed. Mobil Research and Development Corporation Reference: L. R. DiMaio, R. F. Lange, and F. J. Cone, “Aspirating vs. Nonaspirating Nozzles for Making Fire Fighting Foams — Evaluation of a Nonaspirating Nozzle,” Fire Technology, Vol. 20, No. 1, February 1984, p. 5.     

生物基发泡剂泡沫特征及其对泡沫混凝土性能的影响

以动物蛋白和微生物蛋白类发泡剂为基础发泡剂,分别与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)复掺来制备生物基发泡剂,探究CTMAB掺量对生物基发泡剂泡沫性能的影响,并在此基础上研究2种生物基发泡剂对泡沫混凝土宏观性能和微观结构的影响.结果表明:掺加适量CTMAB有利于提高泡沫性能,动物蛋白发泡剂(A型)和微生物发泡剂(M型)中CTMAB的最佳掺量分别为0.7%和0.5%;M型发泡剂制得的泡沫孔径分布均匀且尺寸较小,稳定性优于A型;M型泡沫混凝土的孔径分布均匀且尺寸较小,水化生成C-S-H的钙硅比较低,水化产物结构致密,其抗压强度(3.3MPa)高于A型泡沫混凝土(2.1MPa).     

压缩空气A类泡沫灭火系统的试验和研究

本文介绍了压缩空气A类泡沫灭火系统的组成和工作原理,并通过试验得到了和此系统的一些应用结论并提出了今后的研究方向。     

高倍数泡沫灭火系统设计简介

高倍数泡沫灭火系统具有发泡倍数高、灭火范围广、灭火效能强、抗复燃能力强、水渍损失小、成本低、无毒、无污染、环保等特点,是较好的灭火设施和替代哈龙的理想产品。简单介绍高倍数泡沫灭火系统的灭火机理、灭火特点、系统类别、系统组成及设计计算等方面。     

水发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能的影响因素

在典型配方下,实验分析了原料中水质量分数、异氰酸酯指数、泡沫稳定剂质量、复合催化剂质量等对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能的影响.对采用水发泡工艺、氟利昂发泡工艺的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的性能进行了比较.     

泡沫玻璃的多功能性及发展趋势

介绍了泡沫玻璃优异的吸声性、保温隔热性、吸水性、耐腐蚀性及装饰性等多种功能。结合节能环保理念,分析了泡沫玻璃的发展趋势及前景。     

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料结构及其性能的研究

应用环保型发泡剂制备了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,然后分别对影响其泡体结构和性能的因素(包括聚醚配合比、匀泡剂用量、催化剂用量等)进行了研究.结果表明:可通过改变催化剂有机锡用量来协调凝胶速率与发泡速率的匹配,从而调节泡体的结构及性能;聚醚配合比和匀泡剂用量等均对泡体结构及性能产生影响.     

泡沫微晶玻璃的研究进展

概述了泡沫微晶玻璃的性能及应用,综述了泡沫微晶玻璃的研究进展,并对泡沫微晶玻璃的发展方向进行了展望。     

泡沫玻璃的多功能性及发展趋势

介绍了泡沫玻璃优异的吸声性、保温隔热性、吸水性、耐腐蚀性及装饰性等多种功能。结合节能环保理念,分析了泡沫玻璃的发展趋势及前景。     

泡沫玻璃的制备工艺综述

概述了泡沫玻璃的性能特点,介绍了当今比较成熟的泡沫玻璃生产工艺流程,并就泡沫玻璃生产工艺进行了分类总结。     

石墨尾矿制备泡沫混凝土的试验研究

湖北某石墨矿属结晶片岩石墨矿床,其尾矿主要矿物组成为长石、石英、透辉石、透闪石,其次为云母、绿泥石、方解石、黄铁矿等;平均粒度为0.14mm,-200目含量为13.84%,以细粒为主,粘性粒级含量低,含水为2.52%,容重为1.7g/cm3。利用石墨矿尾矿、普通水泥、起泡剂等材料制备泡沫混凝土,试验结果表明：其性能完全达到《泡沫混凝土砌块》（JC/T 1062-2007）中密度等级为B08、强度等级为A3.5的要求。     

泡沫灭火剂标准的制订应遵循的原则

本文笔者通过多年从事泡沫灭火剂研究及标准制订工作的实践,提出了泡沫灭火剂标准制订应遵循的六项原则。     

酚醛泡沫保温材料改性研究综述*

酚醛泡沫保温材料具有自重轻、比强度高、热导率小、阻燃性好的优点,但是酚醛泡沫材料韧性差,质脆,易掉渣。围绕着如何改善酚醛泡沫质脆、易掉渣的缺点,介绍了目前常用的两类对酚醛泡沫改性的方法---化学反应改性和物理掺混改性,为研究和应用酚醛泡沫保温材料提供借鉴。     

Foam in the aquatic environment

Foams are ubiquitous in the environment, commonly seen as discoloured patches on streams, rivers, lakes and sea water. They often are assumed to be anthropogenic in origin as they are aesthetically unpleasant, yet they frequently appear in pristine environments indicating a natural origin. In contrast to “hidden” chemical pollution, e.g. heavy metals, pesticides etc. the visibility of foam alarms the public.To derive more information on foam in freshwaters and marine ecosystems, a literature review was performed. Alongside with some basic considerations on the formation of foam, on methods to measure foam formation and on the legal aspects of foam on surface waters, the ecological importance of foam in the aquatic environment is discussed in this paper.