集成膜技术深度回用处理精对苯二甲酸废水研究

近两年来,膜法回用石化废水备受重视,利用集成膜技术对炼油和乙烯化工废水进行深度回用处理,目前已有相对成熟的经验,但集成膜技术用于精细化工产品精对苯二甲酸废水回用处理的研究尚少。在试验基本工况为超滤系统采用全量过滤方式,运行周期30min,内压式超滤运行通量不大于75L/(m2.h),超滤系统前加入絮凝剂PAC(投加量为5mg/L),低污染反渗透膜运行通量不大于19L/(m2.h),试验中系统回收率为70%,反渗透进水的COD含量小于40mg/L的条件下,精对苯二甲酸达标废水深度回用处理稳定运行,产水水质稳定可靠。     

Membrane processes for water reuse from the effluent of industrial park wastewater treatment plant: a study on flux and fouling of membrane

Both the relationship between the flux and the fouling mechanism of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and the effects of pretreatment before reverse osmosis (RO) process on the treatment of the effluent of industrial park wastewater treatment plant (IPWTP) were investigated to examine the application of membrane processes on the water reuse treatment. For the former, the flux data was first fitted to the Hermia model to give the implication of the fouling mechanism. Then, the fouling mechanism was further identified with the aid of the SEM morphology of membrane surfaces. For the latter, the changes of both water characteristics (turbidity, TOC, conductivity, particle size distribution, and organic solute molecular weight) and membrane properties (surface zeta potential and surface morphology) before and after the treatment of membrane processes were measured. It was found that the major blocking mechanisms of UF membrane process at initial and final stage were standard blocking of pore (causing from colloid materials) and cake blocking of pore (causing from suspended particles), respectively. On the other hand, it was concluded that the permeate from 1 μm/UF/RO process was suitable for the reuse of cooling water and low pressure boiler water.     

GAC—UF处理工艺生产优质饮用水的试验研究

本研究就活性炭吸附和超滤膜分离联用技术生产优质饮用水进行试验。试验结果表明、工艺流程自动化程度高、运行稳定、出水水质满足饮用净水标准（DB31／197－1997）的水质标准。PAN超滤膜及其工艺系统不仅能有效地去除细菌、浊度、对有机物也有较好的去除效果。本处理系统对铁的去除效果较好,但对锰的去除效果较差。     

强化混凝对超滤处理碎煤加压气化废水生化出水试验研究

研究了碎煤加压气化废水生化出水经不同药剂的强化混凝预处理后出水的超滤膜通量变化规律。结果表明,初始膜通量随着混凝药剂投加量的增大而增大,在PFC投加量为150 mg/L时,初始膜通量为纯水通量的80.4%,原水未经混凝预处理时初始通量仅为纯水通量62.5%,经过长期运行,强化混凝后水样超滤通量衰减趋势减缓。不同预处理条件下受污染的超滤膜经简单碱洗(NaOH,浓度10 mmol/L)-酸洗(HCl,浓度10 mmol/L)浸泡后,通量恢复效果不同,处理原水、PFC(150 mg/L)、PAC(150 mg/L)的超滤膜初始通量恢复率分别为79.4%、84.1%、85.1%。     

双膜法处理印染废水及其回用的工程应用

采用双膜法工艺处理某印染厂印染废水并回用,结果表明,系统运行良好,对COD的去除率达到了99%以上,对浊度、色度的去除率均接近100%,反渗透对盐分的去除率在98%以上。产水水质及水量稳定,满足回用印染要求,工程投资回报率高,经济和环境效益显著。     

自来水厂生产废水回用工艺研究进展

本文概述了自来水厂生产废水水质特征,对比了直接回用、处理后回用两种废水处理方式的优缺点。膜分离回用工艺出水浊度低、可有效控制消毒前体物质及致病微生物,同时回收率高、运行费用低,是一种安全有效的生产废水回用方式。     

利用生化处理和膜分离技术处理回用化工废水的设计

化工生产废水具有污染程度高、pH变化大、可生化性较差、并且含盐量较高的特点,为了实现废水回用的目的,采用物化预处理、水解酸化 接触氧化 超滤 反渗透相结合的处理工艺.出水回用于循环冷却水补充水,同时达到了节水治污的目标.本技术推动了膜分离技术在化工废水回用中的应用.     

Optimising operation of an integrated membrane system (IMS) — A Box–Behnken approach

The optimum operating conditions of an integrated membrane system (IMS), consisting of microfiltration (MF) followed by reverse osmosis (RO), has been defined using Box–Behnken design associated with generalised linear models (respectively quasibinomial logit analysis for the MF process and quasibinomial probit analysis for the RO process). Parameters studied for the MF process were the flux, backwash frequency and chloramine dose and dosing point. Parameters studied for the RO were the flux, recovery, pH and antiscalant dose. For both processes, the statistical method successfully determined an envelope of operating conditions. Results showed MF membrane fouling propensity to be mainly controlled by backwash frequency and flux, whereas fouling of the RO membrane was primarily defined by the pH and the recovery. The model was found to accurately represent the plant performance within the operating envelope studied.     

混凝+UF作为RO进水前处理的适用性研究

本文采用混凝＋UF作为RO进水的前处理,以颖河河水为原水进行了中试实验研究,考察了混凝剂投加量、曝气量、不同抽滤时间对超滤系统的影响.结果表明：混凝剂（PAC）投加量为14mg/L,曝气量为7.08L/s时,超滤对原水浊度的平均去除率为99.2%,出水SDI平均值为1.26,完全达到反渗透进水的水质要求,且水质稳定,混凝和超滤膜联用作为RO前处理是完全适用的.     

A pilot study for wastewater reclamation and reuse with MBR/RO and MF/RO systems

A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the quality of the effluent of an enhanced tertiary treatment process consisting of MBR/RO or MF/RO units and explore the feasibility of reclamation of treated effluent for potable and non-potable reuse applications. The performance of both the MBR/RO and MF/RO pilot plants was excellent. The MBR or MF alone was able to bring down the concentrations of most of the pollutants under acceptable limits for non-potable reuse applications. The application of RO further improved the treated water quality, especially the aesthetical and microbial qualities. Different strategies were employed to control membrane fouling in RO, and hypochlorite dosing showed the best results. The RO permeate quality in terms of conductivity, turbidity, organic content, ammonia, nitrate, hardness, E. coli and virus could meet the water quality requirements for many potable and non-potable reuse applications. In removal of total estrogens, the MBR/RO combination performed better than that of MF with RO, indicating the importance of the role of biomass. The rejection of virus in MBR and MF was greatly affected by the chemical membrane cleaning. It took more than 24 h for the recovery, implying that the presence of membrane biofilm plays a key role in rejection of virus.     

超滤膜处理乳化油废水的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外超滤膜分离技术应用于乳化油废水处理的研究进展,着重介绍了超滤处理工业乳化油废水的分离性能,以及超滤过程存在的问题和解决途径.针对实际运行过程中产生的膜污染现象,在新膜材料、膜组件改进和耦合工艺3方面进行了阐述.最后对今后的研究方向提出了建议.     

Digital textile printing (DTP) wastewater treatment using ozone and membrane filtration

Digital textile printing (DTP) is considered as an environmentally benign process because its wastewater production is relatively small compared with the conventional textile printing system. DTP is usually practiced at building office in an urban area rather than in a textile industrial complex, so that process development for on-site treatment of the DTP wastewater is currently needed. The aim of this study was to propose a DTP wastewater treatment system suitable for operation in building and to verify if the proposed system has a rationale treatment system should be compact and reliable because it should be installed near the DTP system. Thus, a hybrid system consisting of ozone, ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) was proposed for treatment of DTP wastewater. Prior to UF and RO, ozone was introduced to the DTP wastewater to reduce organic loadings to membrane filtration as well as to treat the concentrates recycled from UF and RO. When ozone was injected with C-T value of 255 g·s/L, the removal efficiency of COD and color was 63 and 81%, respectively. Ozonation of the DTP wastewater led to aggregation of colloidal particles, so that the cake resistance (R_c) calculated after ozone and UF was lower than that of the control (= without ozonation), suggesting that pre-ozonation is beneficial to not only flux enhancement but also to good permeate water quality. Further treatment of UF permeates using RO was carried out since the UF permeates was not enough for direct discharge or reuse. Final effluents through the whole process of ozonation, UF and RO met the criteria of direct discharge and reuse, suggesting that the proposed hybrid system could be used for DTP wastewater treatment satisfactorily.     

超滤和反渗透联用的海岛饮用水处理示范装置

针对某些海岛山塘水库含盐量不断变化的水质特点,开发超滤和反渗透联用的海岛淡水净化/咸水淡化一体化装置。结果表明,对于电导率约580μS.cm-1,浊度约20 NTU,CODMn约5.9 mg.L-1的原水,当超滤和反渗透产水比为1:1时,超滤产水电导率基本不变,浊度约0.1 NTU,CODMn降低约40%,混合产水电导率接近于原水的一半,浊度约0.04 NTU,CODMn约1.7 mg.L-1。此外,无论原水电导率如何变化,均可通过调节产水比使最终产水达到生活饮用水卫生标准。介绍了工艺流程、运行情况,并对运行数据进行分析。     

焦化废水膜法组合深度处理工艺设计与应用

针对煤化工企业焦化废水的二级生化出水可生化性差、含盐量与COD高,以及废水中包含多环芳香族化合物、脂肪族化合物等难生物降解污染物的特点,采用Fenton氧化+电渗析+超滤+反渗透膜法组合深度处理工艺对废水进行处理。运行结果表明,产水水质达到并优于《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》(GB 50050—2007)中再生水水质要求,产水可作为厂区生产补充新水使用,废水回收率稳定达到75%。采用Fenton氧化与电渗析粗脱盐技术相结合的强化预处理设施,可以有效缓解反渗透装置的膜污染,延长反渗透膜的清洗周期至3个月。     

Feasibility study for reclamation of a secondary treated sewage effluent mainly from industrial sources using a dual membrane process

A feasibility study for reclamation of a secondary treated sewage effluent mainly from industrial sources (60%) in Singapore has been conducted using a dual membrane UF-RO process. The pilot system had a treatment capacity of 2 m³/h. The UF unit and RO unit were operated at 70–80% and 40% water recovery, respectively. Six-month run for the pilot was carried out to study the stability and fouling tendency of membranes.

The characteristics of the raw feed indicated that ammonia-N was consistently high at 30–50 mg/L. Very high fluctuations in iron (0.3–3.7 mg/L), turbidity (1–27.1 NTU) and TOC (3.2–56.7 mg/L) were observed. Nitrate was low at <0.2 mg/L. The results of the study showed that dosage of alum in the UF process significantly reduced organic foulants and phosphate scalants. The polymeric RO membrane could tolerate organics from industrial wastewater and performed >96% salt rejection at the end of the study after 6 months. The study concluded the dual membrane process was capable of reclaiming the sewage effluent mainly from industrial sources for industrial use.     

陶瓷膜在反渗透进水预处理中的应用研究

以自来水为原水对砂滤-陶瓷膜装置连续供水,考察了膜通量随时间变化情况。试验结果表明：与传统的预处理方式相比,采用砂滤-陶瓷膜工艺可以长时间在较高膜通量下连续运行,通量为80L/h,并且在去除浊度、总铁、细菌等方面具有较明显的优势,出水浊度低于0.1NTU,总铁的去除率达到90%,细菌的去除率接近100%。因此,采用砂滤-陶瓷膜工艺作为反渗透膜的预处理在技术上是可行的。     

膜法处理腈纶厂废水

本文主要研究了用聚砜超滤膜对腈纶厂热牵伸废水、水洗机废水处理回用以及用超滤膜及反渗透膜处理腈纶厂污水的情况。并从工艺可行性上作了探讨。同时，本文还对用膜法处理脯纶厂永经济效益作了估算。     

宽流道反渗透膜耐污染性分析及其在电厂的应用

分析了宽流道反渗透膜的抗污染效果,并结合电厂应用案例,以煤矿井水为原水,对宽流道反渗透膜和混床工艺制备锅炉补给水的实际应用进行验证。结果表明,宽流道反渗透膜表现出较高的耐污染性,用于处理原水水质较为复杂的锅炉补给水的工艺可靠,产水水质满足电厂锅炉补给水的要求。     

Study of drinking water treatment by ultrafiltration of surface water and its application to China

In China, many water supplies depend on conventional water treatment. Due to unfit soil and water conservationin some regions of China, conventional water treatment has showed some defects for the poor quality of water resource. In addition, advances in membrane technology and increasing requirements on water quality have stimulated ultrafiltration (UF) for water treatment. In this research, OF test apparatus was set up to produce drinking water from raw water of the Binxian Reservoir (China). The performance of UF membranes was investigated. There was a linear relationship between membrane resistance and accumulated permeate water. Using coagulation before OF increased permeate flux and retarded membrane flux decline. Surprisingly, membrane permeate flux in a coagulation/UF process was higher than that in coagulation-sand filtration-UF process with raw water of medium turbidity. OF treatment provided effective turbidity removal. Iron, manganese and aluminum were removed completely. The UF membrane also perfectly removed all coliform bacteria. The reduction of total organic carbon was satisfactory. The treated water quality complied with China's drinking water guidelines. The Ames test showed that the mutagenic activities of membrane permeate water was negative.