无机高分子絮凝剂的研究进展

综述了无机高分子絮凝剂的发展概况,介绍了聚铝、聚铁、聚硅酸金属盐类及复合型无机高分子絮凝剂,并对其制备方法和在水处理领域的应用作出了总结,最后对其发展前景进行了展望。     

煤矸石制无机高分子絮凝剂进展

煤矸石在无机高分子絮凝剂制备方面正逐步得到应用,近年来的研究重点主要集中在复合型无机高分子絮凝剂方面。重点介绍了煤矸石基无机高分子絮凝剂的制备方法及在水处理中的应用,并展望了发展前景。指出煤矸石制无机高分子絮凝剂技术已经取得很大的发展,但与大规模工业化仍存在差距,要加大对煤矸石基无机高分子絮凝剂的基础和应用研究,改善生产工艺,提高产品质量,从而带动相关产业的发展。     

无机高分子复合絮凝剂的扫描电镜制样新方法

常规方法制备无机高分子复合絮凝剂扫描电镜样品时,试样的结构和整体性容易受到破坏,不能反映样品的真实形貌;而且因试样粘得过多和不匀,影响观测结果。本文通过将絮凝剂溶液滴在干净的玻片上,待干燥后,直接将玻片粘在样品座上,用扫描电镜观察,获得清晰的形貌,有效地解决了问题。     

复合高分子絮凝剂的制备及研究进展

复合高分子絮凝剂近年来发展迅速并成为研究的热点。对无机复合高分子絮凝剂、有机复合高分子絮凝剂和无机-有机复合高分子絮凝剂的国内外研究现状进行了概述,分析了复合高分子絮凝剂处理废水的优势及其发展面临的问题,指出无机-天然有机复合高分子絮凝剂将是未来研究的重点。     

无机高分子复合絮凝剂PFSS中硅的形态分析

应用Si-Mo逐时络合比色形态表征法, 对无机高分子复合絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁（PFSS）中硅的形态进行了研究,包括SiO₂反应速率特征及其标准工作曲线,不同pH值条件下聚硅酸（PSi）的形态分布特征,不同pH值时PFSS与PSi中硅的形态特征比较。结果表明：不同pH值的PFSS中,硅的聚合形态熟化一定时间后,分布规律有所不同。pH值为1.46和1.70时,PFSS中硅酸的中聚体含量比pH值为0.64时的高,而pH值为0.64时,PFSS中硅酸的高聚态、凝胶态含量明显高于pH值为1.46和1.70的相应含量。同时,pH值为1.46和1.70的PFSS比pH值为0.64的PFSS有更好的絮凝性能和稳定性。由此可知,PFSS中聚硅酸的优势形态是其中聚体。     

我国无机高分子絮凝剂产业发展现状与规划

论述了我国无机高分子絮凝剂产业发展历程,国内外产业发展现状与特点,分析了制约我国絮凝剂产业发展的外部、内部因素,产业发展的机遇与形势,以及我国无机高分子絮凝剂“十五”发展规划概要,对我国絮凝剂行业发展具有重要参考价值。     

絮凝剂在水处理中的应用与展望

主要探讨了无机絮凝剂中铝盐、铁盐的絮凝机理与应用效果,天然有机高分子絮凝剂中的改性淀粉、改性纤维素、改性木质素及壳聚糖和人造有机高分子絮凝剂在水处理中的应用机理与效果,无机与有机复合絮凝剂的种类、絮凝机理、应用效果。并对无机、有机、无机与有机复合三种类型絮凝剂在水处理中的优缺点与应用现状进行比较,指出复合絮凝剂与天然有机絮凝剂在饮用水处理方面具有良好应用前景。     

水处理中絮凝剂的研究进展

对无机、有机高分子及微生物三类絮凝剂进行了分类详述 ,重点讨论了聚硅酸类絮凝剂的研制方法、优越性及微生物絮凝剂的安全高效 ,指出絮凝剂的研究应用有待于朝无毒高效的方向发展。     

Solution viscosity and flocculation characteristics of linear polymeric flocculants in various media

Rheological characteristics of linear copolymers of acrylamide (AM) and acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (Q9), differing in molar mass and chemical composition, have been studied in distilled water (DW) and industrial water (IW) obtained from a paper mill. For all copolymers, the shear viscosity, μ, was much lower as the ionic strength of the water increased, with near Newtonian behaviour observed at high ionic strengths. In DW, the polymer solutions were yield pseudoplastic. Comparison of the behaviour of all flocculants at the same shear rate in the two media was accomplished by modelling the rheological data.The characteristics of the copolymers could be related with their flocculation performance in IW. The rate of flocculation in the IW was generally higher than in the DW. In general, flocculants with higher charge density were effective at lower concentrations exhibiting a lower value for the optimum PEL dosage. The flocculation data were supported with zeta potential measurements. In all cases flocs break under shear with an inability to recover the floc size with time. Overall, the polyelectrolyte behaviour in flocculation as a function of molar mass, charge density and quality of the medium could be correlated. This is of particular importance for papermaking due to the modern tendencies for water closure.     

A population balance model for flocculation of colloidal suspensions by polymer bridging

A detailed population balance model for flocculation of colloidal suspensions by polymer bridging under quiescent flow conditions is presented. The collision efficiency factor is estimated as a function of interaction forces between polymer coated particles. The total interaction energy is computed as a sum of van der Waals attraction, electrical double layer repulsion and bridging attraction or steric repulsion due to adsorbed polymer. The scaling theory is used to compute the forces due to adsorbed polymer and the van der Waals attraction is modified to account for presence of polymer layer around a particle. The irregular structure of flocs is taken into account by incorporating the mass fractal dimension of flocs. When tested with experimental floc size distribution data published in the literature, the model predicts the experimental behavior adequately. This is the first attempt towards incorporating theories of polymer-induced surface forces into a flocculation model, and as such the model presented here is more general than those proposed previously.     

Effect of the parent solution concentration on the flocculation performance of PAAm flocculants and the relation between the optimal parent solution concentration and critical concentrations

Flocculation performance of three kinds of polyacrylamide (PAAm), linear‐PAAm, Al(OH)₃–PAAm hybrid, and star–PAAm, in kaolin suspensions have been investigated by Spectrophotometer. It was found that the flocculation performance of the polymer flocculant is enhanced at the beginning and then impaired with increasing parent solution concentration (C_p) and an optimal parent solution concentration (C_op) exists, which is directly proportional to both critical concentrations of C* and C_s of the polymer in the dilute aqueous solution, and can be roughly expressed by an empirical formula, C_op = 3.1 × 10^?3 + 643.1C_s. The findings suggests that flocculation performance of a given polymer is dependent on both of the interchain association and the chain contact of the polymer chains in the parent solution and in the kaolin suspension, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1585–1592, 2007     

无机高分子絮凝剂处理造纸废水研究进展

絮凝剂是一种污废水处理剂。介绍了无机高分子絮凝剂处理造纸废水的研究进展,包括聚铝、聚铁、硅酸盐等无机高分子絮凝剂。对这些絮凝剂的处理效果进行了评价和比较,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

阳离子淀粉复合絮凝剂对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝处理

以玉米淀粉和3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为原料,采用干法合成高取代度阳离子淀粉,并与聚合三氯化铝(PAC)复合来对高岭土悬浮液进行絮凝处理。考察了聚合三氯化铝和阳离子淀粉的质量配比、沉降时间以及pH对絮凝性能的影响。最佳絮凝条件ρ(阳离子淀粉)=5mg/L(高岭土悬浮液),m(PAC)∶m(阳离子淀粉)=10∶1,沉降时间为32min,pH=9。在此条件下,高岭土悬浮液的浊度可降至3.1。     

铝厂赤泥制备无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅酸铁及应用

研究了以铝厂赤泥为原料，在常压通氧的条件下，用稀硫酸浸取制备无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅酸铁(PSV)的方法，确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。用该絮凝剂处理工业废水，并与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的处理效果比较。化学需氧量(CODCr)和色度去除率提高约20％25％，固体悬浮物(SS)去除率提高约10％，同时探讨了该絮凝剂处理废水的反应机理。     

Preparation of polymer/inorganic nanoparticles composites through ultrasonic irradiation

In this paper, ultrasonic induced encapsulating emulsion polymerization was first used to prepare the novel polymer/inorganic nanoparticles composites. The behaviors of several inorganic nanoparticles (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, TiO₂) under ultrasonic irradiation, such as dispersion, crushing, and activation, were studied. The dispersion stability, morphology, and structure of the ultrasonic irradiated nanoparticles were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and spectrophotometry, respectively. The results show that the inorganic nanoparticles in the aqueous solution can redisperse more effectively by ultrasonic irradiation than by conventional stirring. This is the basis for preparation of polymer/inorganic nanoparticles composites. By this technique, the long‐term stable latex, which mainly consists of polymer/inorganic nanoparticles composite latex particles, were successfully prepared. TEM, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, and element analysis confirmed that well‐dispersed nanoparticles were encapsulated by the formed polymer, and the thickness of encapsulating polymer layer was in the range of 5–65 nm. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1478–1488, 2001     

阳离子高分子絮凝剂的研究及进展

本文介绍了阳离子高分子絮凝剂的优点以及研究进展，并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

Study on chain deformation of polyacrylamides in solutions and its flocculation performance during the flocculation process

Effects of external conditions, solution concentration, solvent quality, added salt, and pH on the chain conformation dimension of two kinds of polyacrylamide (PAAm) flocculants, neutral‐PAAm, and cationic‐P(AAm‐DMC) (DMC, 2‐[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride), in parent solutions and their flocculation performance for Kaolin suspensions have been investigated by Ubbelohde viscometer and spectrophotometer, respectively. It was found that a negative correlation existed between the flocculation performance of PAAm flocculants and their chain sizes in parent solutions. This was attributed to the expanded chain deformation of PAAm flocculants during the flocculation process from the flocculant parent solution to the Kaolin suspension and was interpreted in term of the competitive interaction among the polymeric flocculant, solvent, and Kaolin particle in the chain deformation process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

化学法处理高浓度有机淀粉废水概况

综述了淀粉废水的污染概况,分别从无机高分子絮凝剂、有机高分子絮凝剂以及无机-有机复合絮凝剂三个方面介绍了目前国内絮凝沉淀法处理淀粉废水的各种方法和工艺,并分析了这些方法各自的优缺点,就化学法处理淀粉废水处理技术的发展及开发研究进行了展望.     

温敏型聚合物在稠油污水中的絮凝作用探讨

稠油污水絮凝剂大都是阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM),但该絮凝剂在稠油污水中高分子长链的伸展受到高温和高矿化度的影响,絮凝效果大大降低。探讨了一种温敏型絮凝剂PA在不同浓度、温度、及不同浓度无机盐(NaCl和CaCl_2)条件下的絮凝作用并与CPAM进行对比。实验结果表明:温敏絮凝剂PA对稠油污水的乳化油和固相悬浮物的去除率较CPAM高,其主要原因是PA在较高温度下发生相分离使溶液亲水性降低、吸附能力增强;温度和无机盐(NaCl、CaCl_2)能促进温敏絮凝剂PA对稠油污水中乳化油和固相悬浮物的去除效果。     

两性聚合物絮凝剂的合成和性能测试

研究了两性聚合物AANa—MATMC的合成和它的性能。首先合成阳离子聚合物AM—MATMC,其合成优化条件：n（AM）：n（MATMC）：9：1;温度55℃;引发剂的用量为单体总质量的0．05％：聚合时间为7h。阳离子聚合物AM—MATMC部分水解得到两性聚合物AANa—MATMC,部分水解条件是温度60℃,时间90min,n（碳酸钠）：n（丙烯酰胺基团）=1：8,产物的收率为98．2％。性能测试结果发现：经其处理过的污水的化学需氧量、透光率及污泥滤饼含水量等指标优于国内同类产品,与进口阳离子聚丙烯酰胺比较其污泥滤饼含水量小,显示出优良的絮凝性能。