基于DSR的改进型综合源路由协议

在无线Mesh网络中,动态源路由(Dynamic Source Routing,DSR)协议是一种广泛应用的协议,其路由的建立与维护都从源节点发起。然而,由于DSR协议在路由发现与建立的过程中存在局限性,因此仍需要进一步研究。基于DSR协议通过引入一种综合了路径负载率、时延和跳数的负载均衡机制,并加入能量状态监控和多径路由,提出了一种改进型综合源路由协议(Improved Comprehensive Multi-path Source Routing,ICMSR),能够更好地实现网络负载均衡,节约网络能源,提升网络性能。最后,使用Opnet仿真验证了算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,改进协议在网络生存时间、分组投递率、端到端时延和网络吞吐量等性能指标上,相较于现有DSR协议都有较大的提升。     

复杂网络环境下的DSR路由协议性能仿真

DSR是用于多跳无线Ad hoc网络的一个简单高效的路由协议,DSR协议由路由发现和路由维持两部分组成,允许节点在Ad hoc网络中发现、维持到任意节点的源路由.文章详细介绍了DSR协议的特点并利用Opnet Modeler 10.5构建了小规模(50节点)和大规模(100节点)复杂的(所有节点同时移动、所有节点既是源节点又是目的节点)移动自组网模型,通过改变节点移动速度及发送分组大小,对DSR路由算法的平均路由发现时间、平均路由长度、吞吐量、数据分组平均端到端的时延、及分组交付率在两种场景下进行了仿真分析和性能比较.     

用于Ad Hoc网络的多径混合路由

移动Ad hoc网络是由一组移动节点组成的临时网络,它不需要事先建立的网络基础设施的支持。路由协议对网络性能起着决定性的作用。文中提出了一种基于多路径的Ad hoc网络混合路由策略（MPHR）。在MPHR中,边权值表示节点之间的链路可靠性。与传统的单路径路由策略不同,在一对源节点和目的节点间,使用多条路径来发送分组。仿真结果表明,MPHR的分组投递率远高于DSR路由协议,但路由开销略大于DSR。     

基于Q学习算法的Ad Hoc网络自适应DSR协议研究

提出了一种用于Ad Hoc网络改进的基于Q学习算法的自适应动态源路由(DSR)协议。该协议能在网络状态较好的情况下减小开销,在网络状况较差的情况下改善端到端时延和吞吐量性能。仿真结果表明,自适应Q-DSR协议能够提升传统DSR协议的性能,是简单高效的路由协议。     

一种新的自适应负载均衡的QoS多径路由机制

针对MANET中AODV,DSR等典型按需路由协议未考虑负载均衡导致网络拥塞和性能急剧下降的严重不足,提出了新的路由机制-ALBQM(Adaptive Load Balance QOS Multipath).ALBQM主要包括:(1)QoS可用带宽的负载感知模型,减少网络冲突和拥塞;(2)采用最大不相关多径并行通信,自适应分配数据流量,提高数据递交率.基于OPNET网络仿真平台对ALBOM应用于DSR进行性能验证,与DSR及其多径路由SMR相比,在重负载网络中有更好的性能表现-在不增加额外控制开销的条件下提升数据递交率,减少端到端平均延迟及路由错误总数.     

改进路由维护机制的动态源路由协议

目的是对Ad Hoc网络中按需路由协议DSR进行改进以提高网络的数据通信的实时性.通过对DSR协议中的路由维护和路由表存储机制进行改进来完成降低网络时延的目的,并在OPNET上进行仿真实验.分别比较了普通DSR协议,带多条备用路由的DSR协议和本文提出改进型路由维护的DSR协议进行仿真,比较三种协议下网络平均传输时廷.仿真实验证明,改进的路由协议对降低网络平均时延是行之有效的.     

Ad hoc网络两种按需路由协议性能分析

Ad hoc网络是一种无需依赖于事先布设的基础设施,而仅依靠网络内部节点之间的协作,就能够完成节点间通信的网络。比较了Ad hoc网络两种主流的按需路由协议：动态源路由协议,自组网按需距离矢量路由协议。使用基于ns-2的仿真模型进行仿真,并通过分组交付率、平均端到端时延、标准化路由负荷、对两种按需路由协议进行评估。实验结果表明即使DSR和AODV协议都是按需路由协议,但它们采取的路由机制的不同,导致它们的性能表现的巨大差异。     

DSR路由协议在大规模移动Ad Hoc网络中的性能分析

从移动Ad Hoc网络的发展现状出发,简述了移动Ad Hoc网络的构成及源动态路由协议DSR的原理,并以主流仿真软件OPNET为平台,依据吞吐量、端到端时延、成功投递率等网络性能参数的仿真结果,深入分析了DSR路由协议在大规模Ad Hoc网络中将会出现的一系列问题.     

MANET中基于DSR的一种最小能耗路由协议

如何高效地利用无线节点的有限能量是移动Ad Hoc网络(MANET)路由协议的一个重要考虑因素.鉴于动态源路由协议(DSR)没有考虑节点的能量限制,本文基于DSR协议提出了一种节能路由算法:MECP-DSR.它采用每报文能量消耗最小作为路由选取标准,并且在发送数据报文时对节点的发射功率进行控制.该文的仿真结果表明,MECP-DSR大大降低了节点的能量消耗,有效提高了移动Ad Hoc无线网络的生存期.     

针对军用自组网环境下的路由协议（MMAR）设计

Ad Hoc网络目前的主要应用领域仍然是军事方面.文中针对战场环境中装甲部队这一特殊移动自组网的运动特性及移动终端配置等特点,参考目前较为完善的AODV、DSR路由协议,提出了适用于装甲车自组网的路由协议MMAR(military mobile ad hoc network routing protocol),通过OPNET仿真表明:相对于军用移动环境,该协议比AODV、DSR能更有效地减少路由负载,并能显著提高端到端时延、相对路由开销和平均投递率等性能.     

移动自组网的主观信任建模与仿真

不同于以往只考虑最短路径或只依靠转发行为评价信任或基于推荐机制的传统路由算法,提出了一种兼顾通信可靠性和路径长度的主观信任路由模型.通过引入属性相似度概念将邻居选择、信任评估、数据转发等路由环节紧密相连,进一步建立一种新的动态包转发规则,并给出了一种计算属性相似度的推荐方法.实验结果表明主观信任路由模型较传统的DSR(...     

A gradient‐based multiple‐path routing protocol for low duty‐cycled wireless sensor networks

Routing in a low duty‐cycled wireless sensor network (WSN) has attracted much attention recently because of the challenge that low duty‐cycled sleep scheduling brings to the design of efficient distributed routing protocols for such networks. In a low duty‐cycled WSN, a big problem is how to design an efficient distributed routing protocol, which uses only local network state information while achieving low end‐to‐end (E2E) packet delivery delay and also high packet delivery efficiency. In this paper, we study low duty‐cycled WSNs wherein sensor nodes adopt pseudorandom sleep scheduling for energy saving. The objective of this paper is to design an efficient distributed routing protocol with low overhead. For this purpose, we design a simple but efficient hop‐by‐hop routing protocol, which integrates the ideas of multipath routing and gradient‐based routing for improved routing performance. We conduct extensive simulations, and the results demonstrate the high performance of the proposed protocol in terms of E2E packet delivery latency and packet delivery efficiency as compared with existing protocols. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fuzzy Logic QoS Dynamic Source Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Considering the characters of dynamic topology and the imprecise state information in mobile ad hoc network,we propose a Fuzzy Logic QoS Dynamic Source Routing(FLQDSR)algorithm based on Dynamic Source Routing(DSR)protocol while adopting fuzzy logic to select the appropriate QoS routing in multiple paths which are searched in parallel.This scheme considers not only the bandwidth and end-to-end delay of routing,but also the cost of the path.On the otherhand the merit of using fuzzy logic is that it can be implemented by hardware.This makes the realization of the schemeeasier and faster.However our algorithm is based on DSR,the maximal hop count should be less than 10,i.e.,the scaleof mobile ad hoc network should not be very large.Simulation results show that FLQDSR can tolerate a high degree of in-formation imprecision by adding the fuzzy logic module which integrates the QoS requirements of application and the rout-ing QoS parameters to determine the most qualified one in every node.     

Ad Hoc网络中两种按需路由协议的比较

Ad hoc网络的特征是多跳的无线连接，网络拓扑的频繁变化，以及需要有效的动态路由协议。重点比较Ad hoc网络中两种主要的按需路由协议：动态源路由（DSR）协议和Ad hoc按需距离矢量路由（AODV）协议。尽管DSR和AODV都是按需路由协议，但不同的协议机制导致了网络性能的显著差异。在OPNET仿真平台下，对采用不用路由协议的网络时延和吞吐量进行比较，从而分析不同的路由机制引起的网络性能差异。     

无线Mesh网路由协议仿真及性能分析

当前对无线网格网络（Mesh网络）主要研究之一是无线路由技术,即针对无线Mesh网络自身的特点进行路由设计。在熟悉基于Linux平台的网络仿真器（NS2）针对Mesh网络路由协议的仿真过程的基础上,利用NS2网络仿真软件分别从端到端平均时延、分组递交率、归一化路由开销三个方面比较了目前三种典型的路由协议——按需平面距离矢量路由（AODV）、动态源路由（DSR）和目的序列距离矢量路由（DSDV）的性能,并详细介绍了整个仿真过程的步骤。最后,通过分析AODV协议的吞吐量,得出网络最佳容纳的节点数,研究成果对协议的实现具有重要的应用价值。     

IM2PR: interference-minimized multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

With respect to the inherent advantages of multipath routing, nowadays multipath routing is known as an efficient mechanism to provide even network resource utilization and efficient data transmission in different networks. In this context, several multipath routing protocols have been developed over the past years. However, due to the time-varying characteristics of low-power wireless communications and broadcast nature of radio channel, performance benefits of traffic distribution over multiple paths in wireless sensor networks are less obvious. Motivated by the drawbacks of the existing multipath routing protocols, this paper presents an Interference-Minimized MultiPath Routing protocol (IM2PR) which aims to discover a sufficient number of minimum interfering paths with high data transmission quality between each event area and sink node in order to provide efficient event data packet forwarding in event-driven wireless sensor networks. Extensive performance evaluations show that IM2PR presents improvements over the Micro Sensor Multipath Routing Protocol and Energy-Efficient data Routing Protocol as follows: 50 and 70 % in term of packet reception ratio at the sink, 44 and 80 % in term of goodput, 33 and 40 % in term of packet delivery latency, 40 and 57 % in term of energy consumption, 50 and 60 % in term of packet delivery overhead.     

无线自组织网络中一种拥塞意识的多径路由算法

提出了无线自组织网络中一种拥塞意识的多径路由算法。该算法在路由发现过程中,综合节点的队列长度和路径跳数来动态确定路由请求消息的转发概率,可以在保证路由请求消息有一定送达率的条件下,降低路由开销;在路径选择和流量分配过程中,综合考虑节点的队列长度和路径质量作为路由度量,发现流量高吞吐量低拥塞路径,并基于该度量值进行流量分配。仿真结果显示,所提出的多径路由算法能有效提高网络性能。     

A Bluetooth Routing Protocol Using Evolving Fuzzy Neural Networks

In this paper, a routing protocol which utilizes the characteristics of Bluetooth technology is proposed for Bluetooth-based mobile ad hoc networks. The routing tables are maintained in the master devices and the routing zone radius for each table is adjusted dynamically by using evolving fuzzy neural networks. Observing there exists some useless routing packets which are helpless to build the routing path and increase the network loads in the existing ad hoc routing protocols, we selectively use multiple unicasts or one broadcast when the destination device is out of the routing zone radius coverage of the routing table. The simulation results show that the dynamic adjustment of the routing table size in each master device results in much less reply time of routing request, fewer request packets and useless packets compared with two representative protocols, Zone Routing Protocol and Dynamic Source Routing.     

Design and Performance Analysis of a Proxy-Based Indirect Routing Scheme in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

The majority of existing ad hoc network routing protocols has a tendency to use the shortest single path from a source to a destination. However, in constantly changing topologies such as those in mobile ad hoc wireless networks, the shortest single path is not only unreliable for reachability but also unsuitable for traffic load equilibrium. In order to improve routing performance and make optimum use of the limited resources, the congestion must first be relieved as much as possible and the routing path be made available at all times. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme, called the Applicative Indirect Routing (AIR), to control network traffic congestion and refine route availability by coping with unreliable links quickly. The proposed scheme, acting as a proactive routing protocol, utilizes additional information about the neighbors shared by the sender and the receiver to find an alternative for the original path with unreliable links. The additional bandwidth usage in AIR to obtain the information about shared neighbors (defined as proxy candidates) is so minimal that the bandwidth availability for user data traffic is not significantly affected. Extensive simulation experiments show that compared with a conventional proactive protocol, namely Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), the AIR scheme leads to a much improved system performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end packet delay, and network reliability. We further show that, in terms of packet delivery ratio, AIR is also a competitive protocol compared with such reactive protocols as Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR).