离子液体中催化烯烃齐聚/聚合反应的研究进展

介绍了目前用于烯烃催化齐聚反应和聚合反应方面的离子液体,综述了近些年来离子液体用于液-液两相催化烯烃齐聚反应和聚合反应方面的研究进展.离子液体作为烯烃催化聚合的反应介质,有效地解决了催化剂在溶剂中的溶解性问题;同时指出齐聚反应在将来会有一个快速的发展.     

离子液体在精细化工中的应用

综述了离子液体在Heck反应、氧化反应、加氢还原反应、傅-克反应和醇的卤代反应中的应用。氯铝酸离子液体催化的合成丁基苯的傅-克反应中,室温下反应3m in即可反应完全,而在离子液体中进行的烯烃加氢反应只需反应6h。离子液体也能加快氧化反应的反应速度。     

离子液体在两相催化中的研究进展和应用前景

介绍了近年来离子液体用于液液两相催化加氢、氧化、Heck反应、氢酯化和羰化反应的研究进展,特别是结合离子液体在高碳烯烃氢甲酰化和低碳烯烃齐聚中试成果和已经实现工业应用的实例,从绿色化工的角度对其在化学工业中的应用前景进行了评述。     

离子液体催化脱除重整芳烃中微量烯烃

以室温离子液体作为催化剂,考察了间歇反应中离子液体用量和反应时间等因素对脱除芳烃中微量烯烃的影响,并通过连续反应考察了离子液体的寿命.结果表明,在室温,离子液体用量5%,反应10 min的条件下,[bmim]Br-AlCl2离子液体具有优良的催化性能,芳烃中微量烯烃脱除率达到98%以上.离子液体脱除烯烃催化反应机理是烷基化反应.     

室温离子液体催化体系研究进展

离子液体作为环境友好型离子溶剂在烷基化、酰基化、加氢和聚合等催化体系中,不仅比传统的分子溶剂在提高反应的速率和选择性以及催化剂的循环回收利用等方面具有明显的优势,而且自身还具备一定的催化活性.综述了离子液体在上述催化体系中的应用研究进展.     

制备条件对自由基聚合固载酸性离子液体催化性能的影响

利用改性的巯基硅胶与乙烯基咪唑类酸性离子液体发生自由基聚合反应制备固载酸性离子液体催化剂[（CH2）3SO3HVIm]HSO4/硅胶.考察聚合温度、离子液体单体量和聚合反应时间的变化对所制备催化剂催化性能的影响,并用红外光谱（FT-IR）、热重/差示扫描量热分析（TG/DSC）等对催化剂进行表征.结果表明：聚合温度60℃、每g巯基硅胶载体固载离子液体单体10mmol、聚合反应时间30h时合成的催化剂催化效果最佳.同时,将最佳条件下制备的催化剂应用于一系列羧酸与醇的酯化反应,酯收率大于87%.     

酸性离子液体催化合成乙酸正丁酯研究进展

酸性离子液体作为一种环境友好型绿色催化剂在催化合成乙酸正丁酯反应中表现出收率高、选择性优、易回收、重复使用性好、腐蚀性小等优异性能成为目前催化酯化反应的研究热点之一。从Lewis酸性离子液体,Brφnsted酸性离子液体,固载化Brφnsted酸性离子液体三个方面介绍近年来酸性离子液体催化合成乙酸正丁酯的研究进展,并展望了今后的研究方向。     

离子液体在燃油脱硫中的应用

当前对于燃油脱硫的方法主要还是采用催化加氢脱硫（HDS）方式,该方法进能对燃油中硫醇、硫醚等简单的小分子有机硫脱除,然而对于深度加氢虽降低烯烃和芳香烃的含量但是却引发了汽油辛烷值的严重下降,同时氢的耗量也增加,反应器的体积急剧增加,导致加氢工艺设备投资大,操作费用上升,鉴于HDS脱硫技术的缺陷,近年来相继出现了许多新脱硫方法,离子液体（IL）脱硫法是一种绿色环保的脱硫工艺,在近几年中被广泛应用,本文主要介绍了直接萃取脱硫、萃取一氧化脱硫、催化氧化脱硫和电化学聚合脱硫技术,催化氧化脱硫技术具有反应条件温和、时间短、操作简单、易分离的优势,具有较好的应用前景,分析了离子液体在工业化过程中的应用方向和亟待解决的问题。     

酸性离子液体催化制备生物柴油的研究进展

主要总结了国内外利用酸性离子液体催化合成生物柴油的进展,介绍了离子液体特性及其催化制备生物柴油的优点。简述了酸性离子液体在酯化和制备生物柴油反应中的应用,对酸性离子液体催化制备生物柴油的研究方向进行了展望。     

酸性离子液体催化合成乙酸正丁酯研究进展

酸性离子液体作为一种环境友好型绿色催化剂在催化合成乙酸正丁酯反应中表现出收率高、选择性优、易回收、重复使用性好、腐蚀性小等优异性能成为目前催化酯化反应的研究热点之一。从Lewis酸性离子液体,Brφnsted酸性离子液体,固载化Brφnsted酸性离子液体三个方面介绍近年来酸性离子液体催化合成乙酸正丁酯的研究进展,并展望了今后的研究方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。