具有温度补偿及dB线性增益控制的单级宽范围CMOS可变增益放大器

提出了一种新颖的宽范围CMOS可变增益放大器结构.利用可变跨导和新颖的可变输出电阻,基于单独可变增益级的放大器可提供80dB的宽范围调节.同时控制电路的设计完成了温度补偿及dB线性增益特性,实现在整个温度及增益调节范围内绝对增益误差小于±1.5dB.基于0.25μm CMOS工艺验证表明,放大器可提供64.5dB的增益变化范围,其中dB线性范围为55.6dB.输入1dB压缩点为-17.5到11.5dBm,3dB带宽为65MHz到860MHz,2.5V电源供电下功耗为16.5mW.     

具有温度补偿及dB线性增益控制的单级宽范围CMOS可变增益放大器

提出了一种新颖的宽范围CMOS可变增益放大器结构.利用可变跨导和新颖的可变输出电阻,基于单独可变增益级的放大器可提供80dB的宽范围调节.同时控制电路的设计完成了温度补偿及dB线性增益特性,实现在整个温度及增益调节范围内绝对增益误差小于±1.5dB.基于0.25μm CMOS工艺验证表明,放大器可提供64.5dB的增益变化范围,其中dB线性范围为55.6dB.输入1dB压缩点为-17.5到11.5dBm,3dB带宽为65MHz到860MHz,2.5V电源供电下功耗为16.5mW.     

基于0.15mm GaAs PHEMT的具有可调增益控制的低噪声分布式放大器设计

基于0.15?m GaAs PHEMT工艺设计了具有九级增益单元的低噪声分布式放大器,一个可选的栅极偏置为放大器提供了10dB的可调增益控制。所设计的放大器采用了一种新的共源共栅结构以提高输出电压和带宽。测试结果表明该放大器在频带2~20GHz带宽内具有15dB的平均增益,带内增益平坦度为?1dB;噪声系数在2~20GHz频带内为2dB-4.1dB。放大器在1dB增益压缩点处输出功率为13.8dBm,显示了良好的线性特性。电源电压为5V时总的功率损耗为300mW,芯片面积为2.36?1.01 mm2。     

UHF-L波段低噪声GaAs双栅MESFET

本文采用二维直流传输特性和s、y参数分析双栅MESFET的性能,介绍了器件设计和实验结果.得到的最佳性能为:在1GHz下噪声系数0.7dB,相关增益22.4dB;在1.9GHz下,噪声系数0.9dB,相关增益15.5dB.     

碲基掺铒光纤放大器增益均衡的数值模拟

针对宽带碲基掺铒光纤放大器(EDTFA)本征增益谱不平坦特性,研究了采用双级串连结构,并在两段光纤中间加入增益均衡滤波器来实现增益平坦.模拟结果显示,通过设计一定结构的滤波谱,在37信道同时输入的情况下,铒离子掺杂浓度为4000 ppm时,使1536～1608 nm范围带宽内的增益达到了24 dB左右,噪声指数小于5.5 dB,增益谱的不平坦度小于1 dB;铒离子掺杂浓度为6000 ppm时,使1536～1608 nm范围带宽内的增益达到了23.5 dB左右.噪声指数小于5 dB,增益谱的不平坦度小于1dB.优化后的级连EDTFA可以满足WDM系统的要求.     

1MHz～40GHz超宽带分布式低噪声放大器设计

为满足宽带系统中低噪声放大器(LNA)宽带的要求,采用0.15μm GaAs赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(PHEMT)工艺,设计了两款1 MHz^40 GHz的超宽带LNA,分别采用均匀分布式放大器结构及渐变分布式放大器结构,电路面积分别为1.8 mm×0.85 mm和1.8 mm×0.8 mm。电磁场仿真结果表明,1 MHz^40 GHz频率范围内,均匀分布式LNA增益为15.3 dB,增益平坦度为2 dB,噪声系数小于5.1 dB;渐变分布式LNA增益为14.16 dB,增益平坦度为1.74 dB,噪声系数小于3.9 dB。渐变分布式LNA较均匀分布式LNA,显著地改善了增益平坦度、噪声性能和群延时特性。     

全光增益控制的增益平坦型高功率光纤放大器

采用两级放大结构,利用光纤环形镜(FLM)并结合两根光纤光栅(FBG)进行增益平坦和增益控制,搭建了全光增益控制的增益平坦型高功率光纤放大器,实验测试了放大器的输出性能。放大器最大输出功率为1.399 W。在1535~1547nm范围内,增益不平坦度为±0.75dB。研究了信道在小功率和大功率信号输入条件下,放大器的增益控制特性,当信道2的功率在-33.7dBm~-2.5dBm和-14.8dBm~16.4dBm范围内变化时,剩余信道1的增益漂移范围可以分别达到0.04dB和0.06dB。     

基于空时分组编码的协同通信系统性能的研究

该文提出了一种基于空时分组编码的协同通信方案(WCC-STBC),通过理论分析得到了系统的误码率传输特性,并给出了Monte Carlo仿真结果。理论分析和仿真结果表明:WCC-STBC方案通过临近用户之间的空时协同发送可获得分集增益,增益的大小与协同信道及各用户信道的传输特性有关。在误比特率为10-3,两用户间协同信道的传输特性优于各用户(假设各用户传输特性相同)5dB时可获得约3dB的分集增益;一个用户信道的传输特性(假设其与两用户间协同信道传输特性相同)优于另一用户5dB时,信道传输特性较差的用户可获得约5dB的性能提升,且较好信道用户的性能损失并不大,仅约0.5dB。     

一种指数增益控制宽范围可变增益放大器

采用中芯国际(SMIC)0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一种具有指数增益特性的的宽增益调节范围的可变增益放大器,该放大器由Gilbert单元、指数电压转换电路、直流消除电路及超级源级跟随器组成。经过Cadence仿真验证,该放大器可以实现-11.14dB~30.39dB的增益连续变化,其-3dB带宽为250MHz,控制电压与增益成dB线性关系。     

微带型行波管外平衡器的计算机辅助设计和实验研究

利用微带电路作成的行波管外平衡器的理论研究和实验工作已经完成。为了进一步改进行波管的性能,本文对平衡器的设计计算方法进行了讨论,改进设计了一个单级平衡器,使在2.87.0GHz的频带内增益起落从11.6dB降为2.74dB。同时提出不对称增益特性的双级复式补偿平衡器的概念和方法,设计和研制了一个双级平衡器。利用计算机对微波电路参量进行了优选调整后,在2.57.5GHz的频带内,增益起落从13.6dB降为2.73dB。实验结果的变动量为5dB。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.