RISK21分析工具在邻苯二甲酸酯类物质膳食暴露风险评估中应用研究

目的应用RISK21框架和工具分析我国2～6岁儿童邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己基酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)7种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(PAEs)的膳食暴露风险,为风险管理决策提供科学基础。方法以PAEs的毒性为纵坐标,以暴露为横坐标,以暴露限值(MOE)和不确定系数为参数,应用RISK21工具中RISK PLOT模块,通过矩阵计算,以图形展示2～6岁儿童暴露于7种PAEs的风险大小和等级。应用TTC PLOT模块,分析毒理学资料缺乏的DMP、DEP、DIBP 3种PAEs的暴露风险。结果 RISK PLOT表明一般人群7种PAEs均处于风险较低的绿色区域;高食物消费量人群7种PAEs暴露风险排序为DBP、DIBP、DEHP、DMP、DEP、DINP及BBP, TTC PLOT显示我国2～6岁儿童DMP、DEP、DIBP膳食暴露风险低于相应的毒理学关注阈值(TTC)。结论 RISK21框架和工具可应用于风险评估及其后期的管理决策, RISK21分析结果表明我国2～6岁儿童7种PAEs膳食暴露风险较低。     

我国成人饮白酒者抗雄激素作用样邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的累积风险评估

目的评估中国居民成人饮白酒者(以下简称饮酒者)抗雄激素作用样邻苯二甲酸酯类物质,即邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)的累积膳食摄入水平及其健康风险。方法利用2011—2013年间收集的24类食品中DEHP、DBP和BBP含量数据,结合2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,采用简单分布评估的方法,计算我国居民成人饮酒者全人群以及18~59岁(男、女)、60岁以上(男、女)等4个不同性别-年龄组人群DEHP、DBP和BBP的膳食摄入水平。采用危害指数法计算经膳食联合暴露于DEHP、DBP和BBP的健康风险。结果单一化学物的风险评估发现,我国成人饮酒者中全人群和各性别-年龄组人群的DEHP、DBP和BBP的平均摄入量和高食物消费量人群(P97.5)的摄入量均低于其相应的每日可耐受摄入量(TDI)。进一步分析发现,约有0.64%(18/2 800)的个体DBP摄入量超过其TDI。而采用危害指数方法进行的累积风险评估发现,我国成人饮酒者全人群和各性别-年龄组人群的危害指数均低于1;有0.79%(22/2 800)的个体危害指数超过1。结论中国居民成人饮酒者全人群的抗雄激素作用样PAEs的累积暴露健康风险较低,有24例个体的健康风险需要关注,建议适量饮酒。     

芝麻中塑化剂含量及其在制油过程中的迁移规律

通过对不同地区20?个芝麻样品中邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalatic acid esters,PAEs）组分含量的检测分析,以及芝麻中PAEs在制油过程向毛油中迁移规律研究,明确芝麻油生产中原料和制油工艺对芝麻油PAEs风险的影响,以便准确制定PAEs风险防范和控制技术,确保并提升芝麻油的品质安全。结果表明,20?个芝麻样品均不同程度检出PAEs,国标限量控制的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（dibutyl phthalate,DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯（di(2-ethtlhexyl) phthalate,DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（diisononyl ortho-phthalate,DINP）的检出率为100%,3 种组分和8 种塑化剂总含量（Σ8PAEs）分别为0.040～0.337、0.085～1.971、0.343～0.806?mg/kg和0.209～2.828?mg/kg,平均值分别为?0.137、0.560、0.559?mg/kg和1.165?mg/kg。对照国标DBP≤0.3?mg/kg、DEHP≤1.5?mg/kg、DINP≤9.0?mg/kg的限量指标,DEHP超标率为5%,DBP超标率为10%。芝麻原料中的PAEs随着制油过程向毛油中迁移富集,DBP、DEHP、DINP和Σ8PAEs在压榨毛油中的含量分别是芝麻中的1.16、1.03、1.11?倍和1.07?倍,在浸出毛油中的含量分别是芝麻中的1.49、1.27、1.24?倍和1.33?倍,脱皮芝麻毛油中PAEs含量比整籽芝麻毛油含量降低约20%,浸出毛油中PAEs含量约是压榨毛油1.2?倍。     

Levels of phthalates and adipates in processed foods and migration of di-isononyl adipate from polyvinyl chloride film into foods

The levels of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEPHP), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) and di-isononyl adipate (DINA) were determined in 50 processed foods (ham and sausage, fried dumpling and shao-mai, fish paste products, croquette and fried fish, bread, noodle, pickles, etc.). DBP, BBP, DEHP, DINP, DEHA, and DINA were contained at nd approximately 47.7, nd approximately 16.6, nd approximately 749, nd approximately 358, nd approximately 57.2 and nd approximately 20,200 ppb, respectively. High-level contamination of DINA was found in fish paste products, croquette and shao-mai, presumably because of migration from plasticized wrapping film using for food packaging. We studied the relationship between DINA migration from wrapped PVC film into fried croquette and its standing time after frying. When the croquette was wrapped immediately after frying, the migration from wrapping film into the croquette was highest (36,400 ng/g). On wrapping after standing for 5 min and 30 min, the migration level was reduced to 1/3.5 and 1/14 of the highest level, respectively.     

超低温冷冻除脂-气相色谱串联质谱法检测食用植物油中21种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了超低温冷冻除脂-气相色谱串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测食用植物油中21种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的新方法。样品用乙腈提取,经超低温(-80℃)冷冻10 min除脂,再经减压浓缩,以正己烷复溶,采用GC-MS/MS多反应监测模式进行测定。结果表明,在考察浓度范围(1~1000 ng/mL)内21种PAEs均呈现良好线性,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.10~8.52 μg/kg,定量限为0.32~28.40 μg/kg,加标回收率为74.31%~116.62%,相对标准偏差为1.21%~17.82%。对市售7类19个油样的抽样检测,显示邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸(2-丁氧基)乙酯(DBEP)、邻苯二甲酸二正庚酯(DHP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DNOP)共9种PAEs被检出,其中DMP、DBP、DBEP、DHP和DEHP检出率均大于90%,含量范围为105.57~2156.76 μg/kg。该方法操作简便,成本低,可用于食用植物油中PAEs的有效测定。     

河南植烟土壤6种邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征分析

[目的]探索邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)在河南植烟土壤中的污染状况.[方法]采集了7个县区203份耕层土壤样品,气相色谱质谱法分析了邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸正二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)和邻苯二甲酸正二辛酯(DnOP)等...     

2013年内蒙古地区市售植物油中3种邻苯二甲酸酯含量调查分析

目的 了解内蒙古地区市售植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalates esters, PAEs)类物质的污染情况,为加强食品安全监督管理提供依据。方法 2013年期间,在内蒙古地区各大型超市、农贸市场和食品商店等流通领域抽取不同品牌的桶装植物油共150份。采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)测定了植物油样本中3种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(Dinonylphthalate,DINP、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(dibutyl phthalate, DBP)和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基已基)酯(bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,DEHP))的浓度。结果 在采集的150份样品中,共有46份样品检测出邻苯二甲酸酯类物质DBP与DEHP,总检出率为30.67%,其中,DBP和DEHP的检出率分别为18.67%和20.00%,最高检出浓度分别为46.50 mg/kg和0.85 mg/kg,DBP检出超标样品15份,超标率为10.00%; DINP在所有样本中没有检出。结论 在2013年期间,内蒙古地区市售植物油中3种PAEs的总体检出率不高,但是个别样本中DBP的检出值较高。邻苯二甲酸酯类属于环境激素类,被我国卫生行政部们列入可能违法添加的非食用物质和易滥用的食品添加剂名单,因此,应加强植物油生产过程的监管及食品包装材料对植物油的污染,定期开展监测工作。     

Detection of 20 phthalate esters in breast milk by GC-MS/MS using QuEChERS extraction method

ABSTRACT

A detection method for 20 different phthalate esters (PAEs) in breast milk analyzed by quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) clean-up with five internal standards and quantitative GC–MS/MS was established. This method can effectively remove interfering substances such as lipids and fatty acids from breast milk using acetonitrile as the extraction solvent and PSA/C18 as clean-up materials. The 20 PAEs had a linear range of 5.0–500.0 µg/L and recoveries of 83.3–123.3% with RSDs of 0.2–7.6% (n = 6). The method detection limits (LODs) were 0.004–1.3 µg/kg. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were detected in the 35 breast milk samples, with median levels of 1.2, 6.8, 7.3, 32.9 and 13.6 μg/kg, respectively, and the concentrations of 20 PAEs ranged between 0.5 and 137.3 μg/kg. This is a fast, simple, sensitive and accurate method for the detection of 20 PAEs in breast milk or dairy products.     

分子蒸馏对沙棘果油中8 种塑化剂组分脱除及综合品质的影响

沙棘果油因富含多种有益活性成分而成为价格高昂的食用植物油,但受生长环境、采摘方式、储存方法等因素的影响,其塑化剂含量存在超标风险。利用两级分子蒸馏工艺对沙棘果毛油中8 种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂（phthalic acid esters,PAEs）进行脱除,并对脱除前后沙棘果油的脂肪酸组成及活性成分含量进行检测分析,研究分子蒸馏对沙棘果毛油中PAEs脱除效果以及活性成分保留的影响。结果显示,本实验所取沙棘果毛油样品中邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（di-butyl phthalate,DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯（bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,DEHP）含量分别为1.626、10.933 mg/kg,明显超出GB 9685—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品用添加剂使用标准》限量（DBP含量不超过0.3 mg/kg、DEHP含量不超过1.5 mg/kg）。经一级分子蒸馏,DBP含量从1.626 mg/kg降至0.071 mg/kg,明显低于GB 9685—2016限量;经两级分子蒸馏,DEHP含量从10.933 mg/kg降低至0.668 mg/kg,明显低于GB 9685—2016限量,DBP、DEHP、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（diisononyl phthalate,DINP）及8 种塑化剂含量总和的脱除率分别为98%、94%、85%和93%,VE、甾醇、黄酮类成分的保留率分别为14%、32%、46%,脂肪酸组成没有明显变化,基本无反式脂肪酸形成,游离脂肪酸质量分数明显降低。两级分子蒸馏工艺是脱除食用植物油中高含量PAEs的有效方法,但会造成油脂中VE、甾醇、黄酮类成分的较大损失。因此,为避免活性成分损失,在保证油脂中DBP和DEHP脱除达到GB 9685—2016限量时,可采用一级分子蒸馏,此时VE、甾醇、黄酮的保留率可分别提高至35%、55%、63%。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法直接测定植物油料中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂

建立有机溶剂萃取、N-正丙基乙二胺（N-(n-propyl) ethylenediamine,PSA）玻璃固相萃取柱净化、内标法定量、气相色谱-质谱法直接测定植物油料中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（dimethyl phthalate,DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（diethyl phthalate,DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（di-iso-butyl phthalate,DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（dibutylphthalate,DBP）、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（butyl benzyl phthalate,BBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯（di(2-ethtlhexyl) phthalate,DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸正辛酯（di-n-octyl phthalate,DNOP）7 种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法。该方法在0.01～2.0 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数R2在0.999 8～1.000 0之间,仪器检出限（RSN=3）为0.01～0.02 μg/L,定量限（RSN=10）为0.03～0.06 μg/L。7 种目标物在0.1、0.5、1.0 mg/kg的加标水平下平均回收率为77.2%～98.8%,相对标准偏差为0.62%～9.37%（n=6）。采用本方法对不同种类、不同产地的76 个植物油料样品中7 种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂含量进行测定。结果表明：所有受检植物油料样品中均检出DBP和DEHP,范围分别为（0.015±0.002）～（0.584±0.012） mg/kg和（0.085±0.006）～（2.334±0.016） mg/kg,检出率均为100%（76/76）;DIBP、DEP、DMP、BBP、DNOP检出率分别为98.7%（75/76）、64.5%（49/76）、63.2%（48/76）、32.9%（25/76）、5.3%（4/76）。17 个油料样品中DBP含量超出国家标准限量（≤0.3 mg/kg）,超标率为22.4%;1 个油料样品中DEHP含量超出国家标准限量（≤1.5 mg/kg）,超标率为1.3%。     

固相萃取- 气相色谱法测定食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质

建立采用固相萃取-气相色谱法同时分析检测邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)和邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯(DEHP)4种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的方法。研究塑料包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类在水、65%乙醇、4%乙酸、正己烷4种模拟液中的溶出及利用固相萃取技术对浸出液进行富集的情况,考察气相色谱操作条件对4种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质分离的影响。结果表明,该方法具有良好的线性相关性,线性相关系数在0.9986～0.9994之间;回收率在80.63%～95.50%之间;DBP、BBP、DCHP和DEHP的检测限分别是0.050、0.010、0.055μg/mL和0.012μg/mL。该方法样品预处理简便,测定方法灵敏、可靠,可用于食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类的监测。     

Phthalate Sample Preparation Methods and Analysis in Food and Food Packaging: a Review

A review on phthalate esters or phthalic acid esters (PAEs), chemicals of concern since a few decades ago that are widely used as plasticizers in food processing and packaging, is presented taking into account the background of such compounds, the metabolism, human exposure to PAEs, the sources and occurrence in food as well as the toxicological aspects and human health effects. In addition, 45 novel research articles that were published between 2002 and 2017 were identified and their results were tabulated showing the PAEs analysed, food matrix of PAEs, methods of sample preparation/extraction, methods of instrumental analysis and quantitation, percentage recovery and limit of detection (LOD) of the instrument for ease of comparison and referencing. In general, it was found that in the last 15 years, the number of PAEs analysed has increased from the commonly analysed 8 PAEs, namely dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) to as many as 23 PAEs. The methods of sample preparation have also progressed from the simple liquid-liquid extraction using organic solvents to solid-phase microextraction techniques to the more recent head-space or direct immersion solid-phase microextraction methods. Whereas for the analysis of PAEs, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography are still the preferred methods with improved LOD of analysis ranging from approximately 10 ppm for fatty foods to 1–60 ppt for water, juices and cooking oil samples.     

Analysis of phthalate acid esters in butter and cheese samples using MSPE-GC/MS method: A health risk assessment study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of six phthalate acid esters (PAE) and associated health risks in butter and cheese samples, using the magnetic solid-phase extraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (MSPE-GC/MS) technique. In this study, the limit of detection (LODs), limit of quantifications (LOQs) and the recovery percentages were 0.26–1.02, 0.78–3.06 μg/kg and 98.6–102%. The results showed that in all samples, the mean total PAEs was 9.76 ± 2.39 μg/kg (in the range of 6.33–14.49 μg/kg) and the average of Bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) was 2.9 ± 0.88 μg/kg (in the range of 1.84–4.24 μg/kg), which is lower than the standard level (EFSA set PAE standard levels between 0 and 50 μg/kg in food and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set 6 μg/L for DEHP in drinking water). Moreover, the average total PAEs in all butter samples were 11.52 ± 2.03 μg/kg (in the range of 7.82–14.49 μg/kg) and the average of DEHP was 3.53 ± 0.73 μg/kg (in the range of 2.05–4.24 μg/kg) and the average total PAEs in all cheese samples were 8.00 ± 1.02 μg/kg (in the range of 6.33–9.91 μg/kg) and the average of DEHP was 2.26 ± 0.43 μg/kg (in the range of 1.84–3.04 μg/kg). The rank order of the estimated THQ (target hazard quotient) values based on the 95% percentile (in all samples) was DEHP > DBP (dibutyl phthalate) > BBP (butylbenzyl phthalate) > DEP (diethyl phthalate). The ILCR (Incremental Life Cancer Risk) assessment found that phthalates (DEHP) in dairy product samples are not of concern to humans. Finally, since the amount of these pollutants was less than the existing standards, it can be concluded that it does not pose any danger to Iranian consumers.     

白酒中塑化剂GC-MS检测方法的研究

以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（DINP）3种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂为例,通过改进气相色谱-质谱法测定条件,研究得出适合白酒中塑化剂检测的方法。并采用不同包装的6个未知酒样进行方法应用测试,测试结果显示DBP含量高达2.03mg/kg,DEHP、DINP含量均在限量范围之内。     

GC-MS/MS法测定不同香型白酒中邻苯二甲酸酯类的含量分析

采用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）建立了邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的检测方法,并对12种不同香型白酒中的18种PAEs塑化剂的含量进行了测定。结果表明,18种PAEs的分离效果良好,检出限为0.001～0.428 mg/kg,定量限为0.003～1.426 mg/kg。邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（DINP）的线性范围为0.403～20.150 μg/mL,其余17种PAEs的线性范围为0.020～1.106 μg/mL,相关系数（R2）均＞0.999,精密度试验结果相对标准偏差（RSD）均＜10%,回收率为82.99%～115.25%;白酒样品检出塑化剂的种类主要为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP）及邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯（DEHP）,含量分别在0.18～1.53 mg/kg、0.27～1.36 mg/kg、0.18～1.86 mg/kg,其中兼香型白酒样品的DBP含量为1.36 mg/kg,超出国标规定限值。在凤香型白酒样品和馥郁香型白酒样品中检出邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）,含量分别为0.53 mg/kg、0.45 mg/kg,在药香型白酒样品中检出邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯（DNOP）,含量为1.42 mg/kg,其余均未检出。     

Contents of eleven phthalates and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate in retail packed lunches after prohibition of DEHP-containing PVC gloves for cooking purposes

Ten samples of retail packed lunches purchased from convenience stores were determined for 11 phthalates and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) in August 2000, 2 months after the prohibition of DEHP-containing PVC gloves in Japan. Each homogenized sample was extracted with acetonitrile, partitioned with n-hexane, and cleaned up using Florisil and PSA columns. Phthalates in the extract were determined by GC/MS (SIM). The limits of detection were 14.9 ng/g for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and 18.6 ng/g for dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Levels of phthalates in packed lunch samples were 45 to 517 ng DEHP/g (198 ng/g, average), ND to 90 ng DEHA/g, and ND to 10.0 ng BBP/g. Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) was detected in one sample at 76 ng/g. Average DEHP level in ten samples was 4% of that in 1999. The contents of other phthalates were also reduced. DBP was not detected in any sample. Recovery of deuterated isomers added as surrogates was 27.9% for DNP-d4, and 40.6 to 101.5% for the other phthalates.     

A simple and reproducible testing method for dialkyl phthalate migration from polyvinyl chloride products into saliva simulant

We describe a method of mechanical agitation to determine rates of dialkyl phthalate migration from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products into saliva simulant. The method consists of rotary shaking of a sample with 30 mL of saliva simulant (pH 7.0) at 35 degrees C in a 50 mL glass tube at 300 rpm for 15 min, then measuring the amount of dialkyl phthalate in the saliva simulant by HPLC with a UV detector. The migration rates of diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) from PVC plates containing about 45% (w/w) plasticizer (molded in our laboratory) were identical. However, the migration rates from molded plates containing 13% (w/w) DBP were almost double those of DINP and DEHP at the same ratios. In addition, the amounts of DINP that migrated in vitro after rotary shaking for 15 min were equivalent to those in vivo determined in saliva from volunteers who chewed plates for 60 min. The migration rates of dialkyl phthalates from 11 commercially available toys ranged from 15.6 to 85.2 micrograms/cm2/h [relative standard deviation (RSD), 3 to 12%].     

Contents of phthalate in polyvinyl chloride toys

The presence of plasticizers in PVC toys obtained in October 1998 was investigated. Diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), dinonyl phthalate (DNP), diheptyl phthalate (DHP), and di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA) were detected. The phthalates were found in all of the 68 samples. The principal phthalate found in toys was DINP, which was present in 48 of 68 samples. The DINP content ranged from 15 mg/g to 580 mg/g, and mean content was 308 mg/g. The highest content was found in a pacifier toy. DEHP was present in 20 of 68 samples and the content ranged from 2.0 mg/g to 380 mg/g. The mean content was 162 mg/g. It was found in 60% of domestic toys.     

Determination of phthalic acid diesters in human milk at low ppb levels

Phthalic acid diesters (PAE) are omnipresent in the human environment and food is a major contributor to the overall human exposure towards these chemicals. Due to developmental effects, PAE infants’ exposure via human milk has been subjected to a number of analytical studies. These previous studies, however, revealed that normal laboratory blank values are in the range of or even higher than human milk levels due to the presence of PAE in laboratory environments. In order to provide more reliable data on PAE exposure via human milk, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a robust and sensitive analytical method. This should be capable of removing matrix components efficiently and guarantee limits of quantification in the low ppb range. The method development took into account liquid–liquid extraction and selective pressurised fluid extraction (sPFE) as well as chromatography-based clean-up steps. The final method consisted of a liquid–liquid extraction followed by an automated chromatographic clean-up by an sPFE device. After volume reduction the cleaned extracts were analysed by quadrupole GC/MS. Quantification was based on internal standards. An extensive quality assurance and method test programme demonstrated conservatively determined limits of detection and quantification from 0.3 to 10?ng?g^?1 in human milk, with recoveries of internal standards from 50% to 101%. Thus, the method allowed the quality-assured detection of di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-allyl phthalate (DAP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP) and di-cyclohexyl phthalate (DcHP) in 30 human milk samples provided by 30 volunteers from southern Germany. DiBP, DBP and DEHP were the most commonly detected PAE, with median levels of 1.0, 0.6 and 2.3?ng?g^?1, respectively.     

国标法检测食品中邻苯二甲酸酯空白值的分析探讨

目的了解国标方法检测食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的空白值并探讨其影响因素。方法应用国标方法考察了溶剂及溶剂在GPC系统中储留时间等因素对空白值的影响。结果按国标方法,常规操作状态下做系统空白分析,未检测到DMEP、BMPP、DEEP、DPP、DHXP、BBP、DBEP、DCHP、DPhP、DNOP、DNP、DINP;检测到DMP、DEP、DIBP、DBP、DEHP,空白值均小于10μg/L。结论溶剂和溶剂在GPC系统中的储留时间是影响空白值的主要因素,据此提出了降低空白值的建议。