代谢组学在牛奶质量安全中的应用研究进展

牛奶作为一种老少皆宜的食品,具有丰富的营养价值。近年来,牛奶质量与安全问题受到广泛关注,鉴别牛奶质量与安全性成为乳制品研究的主要方向之一。牛奶中含有许多代谢物,包括主要营养元素以及药物残留。代谢组学作为研究食品质量与安全的一类重要方法,可以大规模、高通量的揭示食品的质量安全问题。该文综述了代谢组学技术在牛奶质量与安全领域的应用。分析了对不同品种奶牛、不同加热方式以及不同环境和饲粮条件下得到的牛奶代谢物差异与牛奶质量的相关性;并总结了代谢组学技术鉴定牛奶中药物残留的应用,该技术可识别牛奶掺假问题;同时归纳了不同技术方法在牛奶质量和安全领域应用的特点。总之,该文阐明了代谢组学在鉴定牛奶品质中的应用范围,总结了近年来代谢组学在牛奶质量和安全方面的进展。     

计算机信息技术在乳制品质量安全追溯 体系中的应用

随着科学技术的迅速发展,计算机信息技术的应用越来越广泛,计算机在食品质量安全管理方面的应用也日趋迫切。本文主要对乳制品质量安全追溯体系、计算机信息技术在奶源品质管理及乳制品生产过程中的应用进行了概述。将计算机信息技术应用于乳品质量安全追溯体系可以发挥其优点,实现从研究开发、原料获取、生产加工、流通消费、监督管理到信息服务等各个环节的高效管理,将计算机信息技术与乳制品质量安全追溯体系相结合,能够在源头上遏制问题产品的扩散,确保乳制品质量安全。     

代谢组学在食品品质研究中的应用进展

随着经济的快速发展和生活水平的不断提高,食品的营养价值、品质安全受到人们的广泛关注。代谢组学是继基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学后的一门新兴组学,日益成为食品科学研究中一种重要的分析技术。代谢处于生命活动调控的末端,相较于其他组学,代谢组学更接近表型。作为一种新型研究手段,代谢组学从整体水平上研究生命体代谢活动和状态,对生物体系中的小分子化合物进行定性定量研究,具有高通量、高灵敏性和高准确性等特点,可以有效克服传统方法的局限性。本文概述了代谢组学的概念、研究方法、分析技术,并介绍了近年来国内外对代谢组学在食品营养、食品安全、食品加工、食品溯源及转基因食品等方面的应用与研究进展,为后续研究提供参考。     

基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术的代谢组学在农产品产地溯源中的应用

随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对于食品安全也提出了更高的要求。农产品产地溯源不仅能保证农产品的真实性、维护农产品市场的稳定,还是确保食品质量安全、保护消费者权益的必要手段。建立高效的食品溯源体系是保证食品质量安全的关键。气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用技术是代谢组学研究的重要技术之一,因其效率高、灵敏度高、稳定性强等优点,近年来被广泛应用于农产品产地溯源研究中。本文通过近5年来的主要文献分析,对GC-MS的代谢组学研究进展及其在谷物、肉制品、油类、果蔬类农产品产地溯源中的应用进行了全面的综述,并对今后农产品产地溯源的研究进行了展望。以期为我国农产品溯源体制的建立提供借鉴,推动GC-MS代谢组学技术在食品溯源中的应用。     

射频识别（RFID）技术在食品溯源中的应用研究进展

射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)技术操控简单、灵活、实用,已被应用于食品溯源系统中,旨在保障食品原料的质量安全。文章介绍了食品安全与溯源概念及RFID技术,综述了其在乳品、畜产品、水产品、果蔬等食品溯源系统中的应用研究进展,分析了RFID技术的优势及其推广应用难点,为食品的质量安全溯源体系提供理论指导。     

A proper metabolomics strategy supports efficient food quality improvement: A case study on tomato sensory properties

In agricultural and food products, typical quality parameters are sensory properties, shelf-life, safety, health, nutritional value, crop yield per area and disease resistance. It is known that these parameters are importantly determined by the metabolites in the crops and food products. Metabolomics is the state-of-the-art routine technique that can effectively facilitate the improvement of the food chain quality by analyzing key metabolites as efficient quality predictors, to deduce production improvement strategies and for screening and identifying traits for breeding. The aim of this paper is to show such a metabolomics strategy with a special focus on the combination of multiple analytical platforms for sufficient metabolite coverage and a validated multivariate data analysis to reliably determine key metabolites. As a demonstrator for the metabolomics strategy, it was applied to determine the key tomato metabolites with respect to selected sensory attributes. From a literature-based validation study and a comparison to standard used markers, the relevance of the found metabolites was shown.     

益生乳酸菌在乳制品中的应用研究进展

益生乳酸菌是一类能利用碳水化合物发酵产生大量乳酸,且对宿主有益的微生物。乳制品在人类膳食结构中占有十分重要的地位,随着消费者对乳品品质和健康要求的提升,具有各种健康功能的益生乳酸菌在乳品中的应用及相关加工技术和功能产品的研发日益受到关注。通过添加益生乳酸菌等活性因子获得功能性乳制品,是增强乳品健康功效的有效方法。本文综述了近年来有关益生乳酸菌在发酵乳、干酪、乳饮料、冰淇淋和奶粉等乳制品中的应用研究现状,重点介绍了益生乳酸菌发挥功能的主要代谢产物酶类和胞外多糖的应用研究,包括在不同乳制品中益生乳酸菌及其产物发挥的作用,常用的益生乳酸菌菌株种类,生产加工过程中存在的主要问题及解决方法,为益生乳酸菌在乳制品中的应用开发提供参考。     

The probiotic chestnut-based dairy matrix: Influence on the metabolomic formation and the nutritional quality

The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of mixed probiotic strains and fortification with chestnut beverage (CB) on metabolomic formation in a plant-based dairy matrix. Bacterial growth, nutritional composition and metabolomics were investigated during the period of 21-day storage. The amino acid score (AAS), essential amino acid index (EAAI), nutritional index (NI) and biological value (BV) of the samples were determined to characterise their nutritional quality. The fortification with CB increased the nutritional quality of samples due to high EAAI, AAS, NI and BV. Using HPLC-DAD, GC–MS and HS-GC/MS-based instrumental techniques, 48 metabolomics were identified.     

质量管理系统在保健品智能连续生产中的应用

随着科学技术的发展, 质量管理系统在未来智能连续生产中运用越来越广泛。本文主要对质量管理系统在保健品行业智能连续生产中对产品研发和生产、维护过程、质量分析检测和质量部门资源进行严格管理和风险控制等方面的应用进行了概述。将质量管理系统的优点应用于保健品中, 实现从原料进厂、生产过程控制直至成品出厂及产品追溯等的全过程质量管理以及质量数据的快速传递与共享模式的数据风险控制, 更好的保障了保健品生产质量安全。     

水产品产地溯源与真伪鉴别技术研究进展

随着水产品需求的迅速增长, 消费者越来越注重水产品的质量安全, 对水产品原产地的关注也日益增加。近年来, 一些不法商家为了追求高额利润, 采用虚假宣传的方式, 将普通水产品的产地标注为高档次产品的产地, 严重损害了消费者的合法权益。因此, 水产品产地溯源与真伪鉴别技术得到了广泛关注。目前, 水产品溯源与真伪鉴别技术涵盖了基于DNA条形码、核酸检测技术、质谱技术及光谱技术等多种技术手段, 这些方法通过检测水产品的核酸、元素组成、有机物质的含量等信息, 结合数学统计分析方法实现对鱼类、贝类、藻类等水产品的追溯, 以确定其产地和生长环境等信息。本文总结了元素分析法、代谢组学法、核酸检测法等水产品溯源技术, 阐述了水产品溯源技术的原理及其应用研究进展, 并对各方法应加强关注和改善的问题进行展望, 以期进一步推进水产品溯源与真伪鉴别技术在水产品质量安全领域的应用。     

Compositional and functional properties of milk and dairy products derived from cows fed pasture or concentrate-based diets

Worldwide milk production is predominantly founded on indoor, high-concentrate feeding systems, whereas pasture-based feeding systems are most common in New Zealand and Ireland but have received greater attention recently in countries utilizing conventional systems. Consumer interest in ‘pasture-fed’ dairy products has also increased, arising from environmental, ethical, and nutritional concerns. A substantial body of research exists describing the effect of different feeding strategies on the composition of milk, with several recent studies focusing on the comparison of pasture- and concentrate-based feeding regimes. Significant variation is typically observed in the gross composition of milk produced from different supplemental feeds, but various changes in the discrete composition of macromolecular components in milk have also been associated with dietary influence, particularly in relation to the fatty acid profile. Changes in milk composition have also been shown to have implications for milk and dairy product processability, functionality and sensory properties. Methods to determine the traceability of dairy products or verify marketing claims such as ‘pasture-fed’ have also been established, based on compositional variation due to diet. This review explores the effects of feed types on milk composition and quality, along with the ultimate effect of diet-induced changes on milk and dairy product functionality, with particular emphasis placed on pasture- and concentrate-based feeding systems.     

乳品包装材料安全性的研究进展

随着乳品消费量的增加,乳品包装在保持乳品质量、安全和影响消费者购买行为方面发挥了重要作用。乳品包装材料的安全性是控制乳品安全的重要环节,直接影响乳品的安全和品质。本文综述了乳品包装材料安全性的研究进展。     

Metabolomics—The new frontier in food safety and quality research

Monitoring of food safety and quality is one of the major concerns now-a-days and consumers all over the world are becoming more aware about this than ever before. Therefore, many studies already have been undertaken to determine the food composition and also to gain knowledge on the metabolism of food spoilage microorganisms. Metabolomics has been successfully applied to food science due to the recent advancement of instrumental techniques and the availability of many metabolite databases that allow the detection and identification of over 1000 metabolites in food products. Metabolomics also has high potential in identification of biomarkers related to food spoilage by food pathogens that may lead to the development of early detection techniques and control of pathogenic microbes. Therefore, here we present metabolomics as the innovative frontier of food safety and quality research by providing insights on how this approach can help to determine microbiological and chemical hazards (e.g. pesticides and contaminants) present in different food products.     

代谢组学技术在植物源性食品研究中的应用研究进展

代谢组学以生物系统中的细胞在特定条件下所有小分子代谢物为研究对象,定性并定量描述生物内源性代谢物及其对内因和外因变化的应答规律。近年来代谢组学技术成为食品科学研究中不可或缺的工具,尤其是在以植物为原材料进行加工或直接食用的植物源性食品中,代谢组学技术广泛用于检测不易挥发性化合物。本文简要介绍代谢组学主要技术平台、研究流程和统计方法,着重论述代谢组学在植物源性食品的品质鉴定、安全性及防伪评估、原料动态监控以及食品分类中的应用现状及发展趋势。     

Metabolomics in quality formation and characterisation of tea products: a review

Tea is one of the biggest categories of modern non-alcoholic beverages with health benefits. Through different processes, tea products are divided into six main types: green tea, yellow tea, white tea, oolong tea, black tea and dark tea. Metabolomics is helpful for the comprehensive, accurate and rapid determination of tea metabolites in different types of tea products and tea processing materials. It has been widely applied in studying the relationship of tea metabolites and its quality. Therefore, it is necessary to summarise the application of metabolomics in tea. In this review, we described and summarised (1) the main metabolites of six types of tea and their implications on tea quality with emphasis on the content differences in the main metabolites in different types of tea; (2) the research on optimising the key processing steps of six types of tea based on metabolomics and the discussion of various new strategies for effectively improving their quality and (3) the advanced approach to characterise and distinguish different grades of tea products via metabolomics. The current review offers guidance for the improvement of tea quality by metabolomics and its potential challenges.     

乳制品中美拉德反应机制及控制方法研究进展

乳制品经长时间储存或加热处理后容易发生美拉德反应,导致其营养价值下降,同时也会产生一些羟甲基呋喃,呋喃等对人体有害的物质,因此控制乳制品中美拉德反应对乳制品安全具有重要意义。乳制品中发生美拉德反应的主要成分为乳糖、乳清蛋白及酪蛋白等,且乳糖水解能够进一步促进美拉德反应发生。本文对乳制品中美拉德反应机制、美拉德反应产生的有害物质及控制措施进行了总结,并对乳制品美拉德反应的控制措施进行了重点阐述。本文旨在为乳制品体系中美拉德反应控制提供重要的科学依据。     

Microwave Processing: Current Background and Effects on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Aspects of Dairy Products

Overheating is still a major problem in the use of conventional heating for milk and various dairy products, because it leads to the lowering of quality and sensory and nutritional values. Microwave (MW) heating has been credited with providing superior‐quality dairy‐based products with extended shelf‐life, representing a good alternative to conventional heat treatment. The main drawback of MW heating refers to nonuniform temperature distribution, resulting in hot and cold spots mainly in solid and semisolid products; however, MW heating has been shown to be suitable for liquid foods, especially in a continuous fluid system. This review aims to describe the main factors and parameters necessary for the application of MW heating technology for dairy processing, considering the theoretical fundamentals and its effects on quality and safety aspects of milk and dairy products. MW heating has demonstrated great ability for the destruction of pathogenic/spoilage microorganisms and their spores, and also inactivation of enzymes, thereby preserving fresh characteristics of dairy products.     

A critical review on metabolomic analysis of milk and milk products

Metabolomics deals with the identification and quantification of the small molecules involved in metabolic reactions. It has recently been used to understand the nutritional quality and authenticity of milk and milk products. Various analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry have been successfully employed to identify and quantify the metabolites present in milk and milk products. This review focuses on the recent advances in metabolomics for quality and safety analyses of milk and milk products.     

色谱-质谱联用的食品组学技术在食品科学研究中的应用

食品组学是近年来新兴的利用基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学及代谢组学等系统生物学的分析思路和方法研究食品科学的一类技术,被广泛用于食品营养、食品安全及食品溯源等研究中。色谱与质谱的联用将色谱对复杂生物体系的高分离能力与质谱的高灵敏度、高分辨率、高选择性等优点相结合,具有分析速度快、定性定量结果准确、样品用量少等特点,是目前食品组学研究中一种强有力的检测技术。本文综述了基于色谱-质谱联用的食品组学技术的分析流程及该技术在食品营养品质、食品加工及贮藏、食品溯源及真伪鉴别、食品中农药残留、食品过敏原五个方面的应用,并提出了该技术的发展趋势及展望,旨在为食品科学与质量安全研究提供理论参考。     

柑橘属产品真实性溯源技术研究现状及展望

近年来在柑橘的生产销售整个链条上，柑橘品种和产地的混淆造假以及以次充好等质量问题突出，所以研究柑橘属产品真实性溯源技术很有现实意义，目前已有的报道尚缺乏对柑橘属产品真实性溯源技术研究进展的系统性梳理和总结。该研究重点梳理和综述了稳定同位素和多元素分析、代谢组学分析、风味物质分析、光谱分析及核酸扩增检测等技术在柑橘属产品真实性溯源研究中的应用，并总结了各类溯源技术的优缺点，提出了目前有关湖北省脐橙的产地和品质等级鉴别研究存在的不足，同时对今后的研究方向作出了展望。以期为湖北省脐橙的产地溯源和质量监管提供一定的技术支撑。