Quantum phase transitions about parity breaking in matrix product systems

According to our scheme to construct quantum phase transitions （QPTs） in spin chain systems with matrix product ground states, we first successfully combine matrix product state （MPS） QPTs with spontaneous symmetry breaking. For a concrete model, we take     

Structure formation during sintering in the presence of a liquid phase in Cr-Cu-metal of the iron family systems. II. Systems Cr-Cu-Ni(Co, Fe)

Features of structure and phase formation in Cr-Cu-Ni(Co, Fe) systems during liquid-phase sintering in a vacuum of (2–4) · 10⁻³ Pa at 1200 and 1270°C are studied. It is shown that with introduction of elements of the iron family into molten copper there is dispersion of refractory particles and formation at the boundary with the readily melting component of a transition layer whose structure and composition are determined by the nature of the addition. Growth of refractory particles during liquid-phase sintering of composites of the system Cr-Cu-Ni is controlled by diffusion of elements into the solid phase of the transition layer. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 7–8(450), pp. 19–25, July–August, 2006.