The migration response to the economic turnaround in New England

"This paper is an investigation of the dynamics of interstate migration flows to and from New England since 1975. The main goal of the research is to study the timing and volume of the lagged migration adjustment to the regional economic turnaround and the temporal stability of patterns of regional inflows and outflows. The paper is an examination of the responsiveness of interstate migration to changing regional economic conditions based on annual interstate migration data and a set of cross-sectional destination-specific Poisson regression models." The data are from a series developed by the Bureau of the Census based on Federal income tax returns.     

Beyond the trailing spouse: the commuter partnership as an alternative to family migration

Combining commitments in the domains of work, family, and residence has become a complex puzzle for the contemporary (dual-earner) family, especially when these choices concern family migration. For some families, non-standard alternatives to family migration, such as a commuter partnership in which one partner lives near work part of the time, might provide the best solution in matching both individual and family commitments. Through in-depth interviews with both partners in commuter partnerships, this paper explores the commitments that form the basis underlying the choice for a commuter partnership as an alternative to family migration or not migrating. It further describes how the balance in partners’ individual and their common interests, as well as the gender ideologies the couple holds, influence the choice for a commuter partnership. Our findings suggest that the commuter partnership is regarded as a suitable compromise between several commitments not only for partners who are both oriented towards their employment careers, but also for couples who have distinct commitments in their private lives. Partners in egalitarian partnerships were found to view the commuter partnership as a household arrangement that fitted their approach of reinforcing each other’s interests and commitments. For couples with non-symmetrical gender beliefs we found that in order for one (usually male) partner to pursue a choice biography through the commuter partnership, substantial sacrifices were demanded from the (usually female) spouse.

以一维弹性模型为例谈复合材料均质化理论

简要介绍了带有规则结构的复合材料的均匀化理论,定义周期性(Periodicity)和渐近展开式,指出这种变非均匀化为均匀,从微观到宏观,宏微观结合的研究方法,提供了一个相对严谨的研究思路,并给出均匀化理论在简单的一维弹性问题的应用.     

Radionuclide migration modeling through the soil-plant system as adapted for Hungarian environment

The migration of radionuclides released as fallout through the food-chain to humans was modelled using the MODELMAKER software. In the established dynamic environmental transfer model ETM-2002 with compartmental structure, the principal pathways of vegetable contamination were studied specifically for the Hungarian environment. These pathways were: direct deposition on plant surface, root uptake and deposition after resuspension from the soil surface. As result of the modeling the variation of activity-concentration with time was obtained in the compartments. The validation of the model was done by comparing the calculated results with those obtained in field experiments. A sensitivity analysis of the input parameters was also carried out and the parameters were categorized by their sensitivity index (SI). According to this study, the most sensitive parameters are the daily human intake of vegetable, the distribution coefficient, the transfer factor from soil to plant and the weathering half-time. The most probable distribution types for the parameter values were also determined based on Monte Carlo simulations.     

混凝土保护层抗氯离子渗透性的现场测试方法研究

混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性是决定钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的关键因素之一.试验室内测定的混凝土材料的抗氯离子渗透性往往不能真实地反映混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性.Permit Ion Migration Test是目前唯一一种可以现场测定混凝土保护层抗氯离子渗透性的试验方法.介绍Permit Ion Migration Test的基本原理和试验方法,推导理论计算公式.通过初步试验介绍了基本试验参数的测定方法并对试验数据的规范化处理提出了建议.     

Creating opportunities in the face of an environmental jolt: exploring turnaround strategizing practices within large Irish construction contractors

Firms that face organizational decline choreographed from an environmental jolt must seek new ways of creating opportunities in order to successfully turnaround. As such, the identification of pertinent turnaround strategies becomes increasingly important for senior management. Within the strategy-as-practice scholarly, there have been recent calls to move beyond empirical “isolationism” and to connect with other larger social phenomena; while across the turnaround literature there have been calls to explore the process and micro-structure of turnaround strategies in cyclical environments. To address this research gap, the purpose of the study is to adopt a tall ontology by blending the strategy-as-practice lens with the organizational decline and turnaround lens. By drawing on five exploratory case studies of large Irish construction contractors, the central objective is thus to explore firms’ turnaround strategizing practices during an environmental jolt. In order to advance our tall ontology, we developed a turnaround strategizing process model (and propositions) that integrates our findings, and which offers the fundamental building blocks of a new blended theory. We find that successful turnaround attempts entail the simultaneous interaction of non-aggressive cost retrenchment actions and non-extensive internationalization. The case studies further suggest that during a prolonged environmental jolt, cost retrenchment is more often a long-term strategy. Lastly, the findings provide valuable support for practitioners in developing a successful turnaround response, and in aiding the selection and timing of operational and strategic actions.     

氯氧镁制品的生产误区与解析--配制组成和主体材料部分

本文论述了氯氧镁制品生产过程中配制组成和主体材料方面存在的误区监其对制品性能的影响．并解析了正确生产氯氧镁制品的途径。     

Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: an empirical study for East African countries

ABSTRACT

The green economy aims to achieve economic growth and development without an adverse effect on the environment. The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis explains the relationship between economic activity and environmental degradation. Using the EKC hypothesis as a theoretical framework, this study tested the EKC hypothesis for 12 East African countries using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) approach for the period from 1990 to 2013. The result shows that the relationship between per capita income and CO₂ emissions (a proxy for environmental degradation) is bell shaped and thus is an extended version of the original inverted U-shaped curve relationship between economic activities and environmental degradation. Hence, one can conclude that the economic activities in East African countries do not lead to CO₂ emissions. Therefore, environmental conservation policies, technological advancement and modern industrial policies are required to make the economic growth of East African countries effective in reducing CO₂ emissions.     

某办公楼火灾后结构检测与安全性鉴定

本文通过某办公楼火灾后结构检测与安全性鉴定实例,介绍火灾后房屋的现场查勘、检测、验算分析、安全性评级以及处理方法。     

Testing Home Ownership as the Cornerstone of Welfare: Lessons from East Asia for the West

In recent years, one driver behind the promotion of home ownership in Western countries has been the belief that owner-occupied housing assets provide a means to build up individual welfare security, potentially offsetting pension shortfalls in retirement. In contrast, many developed East Asian societies have both long focussed on advancing ‘asset’ or ‘property-based welfare’ systems as well as experienced the late-1990s Asian Financial Crisis which forced changes in housing and welfare practices. This paper examines how home ownership and asset-based welfare fared in these contexts and the lessons to be learned. It begins by considering the role of owner-occupied housing assets in different welfare regimes before empirically examining how asset-based welfare systems have been realized. It then considers how East Asian home ownership and asset-based welfare systems have stood-up to economic crises. The final section considers what the East Asian experiences contribute to an understanding of the housing assets–welfare relationship.     

Using the migration of the induced seismicity as a constraint for fractured Hot Dry Rock reservoir modelling

The challenge for Hot Dry Rock technology is to develop a heat exchanger in deep hot rock masses and to circulate a fluid in order to extract its energy to be used at the ground surface. The present day strategy is to take advantage of natural fractures that pre-exist at these depths and to improve their hydraulic properties. The extension of the area with enhanced properties must then be evaluated so that the best locations for further boreholes can be proposed. To date, this development procedure is based on fluid injection at high rates, forcing hydro-mechanical interactions to take place along pressurised fractures. These pore-pressure-driven mechanisms are accompanied by seismic activity. Assuming the validity of poro-elastic theory in the fractured host rock, some authors have derived the virgin hydraulic diffusivity of the fractured reservoir from the analysis of the spatio-temporal growth of the induced seismicity. The present work is aimed at verifying this approach using a numerical code to solve directly for hydro-mechanical interactions in random fracture networks. Our approach assumes that the seismic activity is controlled by a Coulomb shear criterion and we show how the interpretation of spreading rate of the modelled shear activity in a given network coincides with the upscaled virgin hydraulic diffusivity of the same fracture network, calculated from an independent numerical procedure at the reservoir scale. Therefore, it is shown that the direct analysis of the seismicity migration is appropriate to give reliable estimates of virgin hydraulic and mechanic parameters. These parameters can then be used for performing any further quantitative analysis of a reservoir open to the far field. This is of importance, as fluid mass-balance in multi-well exploitation systems will include the contribution from areas surrounding the stimulated zone.     

Soft stories—an appropriate choice for failure theory

A critical review of the of the present approach to the soft story effect during major earthquakes leads to the conclusion that any method based on the usual first theory of failure (assuming that the failure occurs due to high normal stresses) is not adequate and can not predict the failure of soft stories. It is shown that only a theory of failure based on strain energy can lead to reasonable results. Since an accurate analysis based on such theory needs the failure strain energy of the structure to be defined, and such a definition is not yet available, an approximate procedure based on strain energy, is proposed. The proposed procedure is applied to rigid structures based on pile foundations. © Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical and mathematical sources of regional science theory: Map pattern analysis as an example

Krugman states that “Regional science is not a unified subject. It is best described as a collection of tools.” Unfortunately such a perspective fails to fully acknowledge theoretical dimensions of the accompanying refocusing on geographic expressions of economic linkages, such as those highlighted in spatial externalities specifications. Such promulgated aspects of the spatial economic landscape relate to map pattern, and certainly the spatial statistics and spatial econometrics theory that accompanies it, as well as the underlying substantive theory garnered from a variety of sources. The principal implication is other than “loose- jointed, do-the-best-you-can theorizing”. Received: 22 November 1997 / Accepted: 10 March 1998     

Accommodation as a location factor for office organisations: Implications for location theory

Location factors play a key role in any explanation of the spatial distribution of economic activities and of companies' choice of a location. In a sense, location factors are a spatial precipitate of the production factors required by a company. One location factor, namely accommodation, has remained underexposed, yet its relevance to location choice should not be overlooked. The type and size of the premises will affect the productivity of the company. In that light, accommodation should be considered as a cost item that varies with the location. This article investigates the role that accommodation plays in the search for a new office location. We found that it plays a key role in this decision-making process, in particular for companies that want to rent office space. This observation has implications for location theory, which generally assumes that companies will build their own premises. However, firms that want to rent office space are dependent upon the supply offered on the real estate market. We conclude that location theory does not give sufficient attention to the search for office space via the rental market or to the problem of mismatch between supply and demand.     

Models for the analysis of interregional migration

"Asymmetric square tables, such as those arising from interregional migration, can be analysed by separating the skew-symmetric and symmetric components. A least-squares analysis of the skew-symmetric part can indicate the degree of complexity of model that is consistent with data and this can be combined with some suitable model for the symmetric part. The joint model may then be fitted by maximum likelihood based on suitable distributional assumptions. This approach is used for an analysis of Australian interstate migration for l960-l966 and indicates a model with independent in-migration and out-migration rates proportional to a symmetric function of population sizes and interstate distance."     

Analytical theory for an approach calculation of non-balanced composite box beams

For aeroelastic problems, optimization of the behavior of box beams, carried out in composite materials, can lead to the construction of structures whose longitudinal axis is not necessarily the orthotropic axis of the materials. These beams present couplings such as Flexion–Torsion or Traction–Torsion. In this study, we propose an analytical theory which allows these structures to be dimensioned with extreme accuracy and without using complicated calculations. The method developed, based on a weak hypothesis on the field of deformations, makes it possible to obtain from simple analytical calculations, the stresses and displacement in a cross-section for normal load , flexion moments and torsion moments . It is then possible using the laminated plates theory, to determine the stresses in each layer. The results obtained correspond perfectly to those found in a 3D Finite Element model, calculated using CATIA–ELFINI software. On the central part of the beams, the relative differences noticed between these two methods on the calculation of stress, strain and rigidities are negligible. Near the embedded section, warping is very important and the relative error is great.     

城市标志性建筑布局探研——以上海为例

标志性建筑布局的无序是中国的许多城市快速生长，重建和开发过程中出现的普遍问题，该文针对上海城市空间形态发展中的上述缺陷，从标志性建筑的历史性考察和概念界定入手，阐述标志建筑的个体特征和群体特征，分析它在城市空间中的规划和设计要素，总结探求基于上海现代城市建设条件下，优化标志建筑布局的可操作的设计方法框架。     

Business Improvement Districts and the recession: Implications for public realm governance and management in England

BIDs were introduced in the UK in 2003/2004 and their widespread adoption is linked to their ability to raise funds to invest in the locality, through a mandatory supplementary levy on business rates, voluntary contributions, sponsorship and public sector grants. However, the economic downturn has already restricted those sources of funding, and public sector spending cuts are likely to restrict them even further. This paper discusses a case-study research on the impact that recession and spending cuts have had on the way BIDs operate, and identifies the threats and opportunities to them as stakeholder-led instruments for the management of town centres and commercial and industrial areas. The research shows that although the recession and spending cuts have had an impact on most BIDs, the model itself has not been put in question, and BIDs are becoming permanent features of the governance of town and city centres, and increasingly also of industrial areas. Their roles in public realm management have been varied, from a minor function in complementing local environmental services, to being active players in the transformation of public places into arenas for festivals and spectacle, to coordinators of surveillance, policing and occasionally exclusion. The implications for the public realm of the evolution and consolidation of BIDs will therefore be varied. Some BIDs are likely to play an increasing role in the delivery of public realm services and the shaping of public realm quality, and in those cases the existence of adequate mechanisms to harmonise the interests of levy payers with other local stakeholders will be of considerable importance. Others might have a sporadic impact on the public realm, with a more pronounced role of the local authority in mediating that impact. Understanding how BIDs operate, the aspirations they represent, their relationship to other aspirations and to broader policy objectives, and the role in that operation of fluctuations in the economy, will be increasingly important in thinking critically about the limits and potential of emerging forms of urban governance.