氯仿－正丙醇及其含盐体系的汽液平衡

实验测定了在１０１．３ｋＰａ压力下氯仿－正丙醇、氯仿－正丙醇－氯化锂及氯仿－正丙醇－氯化钙体系的汽液平衡数据。用Ｈｅｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ方法对无盐体系的实验数据作了热力学校验，并以ＶａｎＬａａｒ方程及Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程关联了无盐体系，结果较为满意。用汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了含盐体系在不同液相组成下的盐效应参数。提出了关联盐效应参数与液相组成的经验方程，并以经验方程及汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了平衡汽相组成，实验值与计算值吻合较好。     

2,2-二甲基丁烷+乙醇、+正丙醇二元体系常压汽液平衡的测定

使用自行设计的汽液平衡釜测定了常压下2,2-二甲基丁烷+乙醇和2,2-二甲基丁烷+正丙醇二元体系的汽液平衡数据,所得到的汽液平衡数据通过了Herrington面积法热力学一致性检验。实验数据用NRTL方程进行关联,采用关联得到的模型参数计算相应的汽相组成,并与实验值比较。汽相组成的平均偏差小于0.02,这说明NRTL模型适用于所研究的二元体系。     

常压下正丁醇-异丁醇-醋酸丁酯-水体系汽液平衡测定与关联

文章采用单级循环汽液平衡釜测定了常压条件下正丁醇-异丁醇-醋酸丁酯-水混合液中的二元体系的汽液平衡数据,运用试差法关联Wilson方程中六对二元体系的模型参数,并计算出相应的汽相组成;测定了常压条件下正丁醇-异丁醇-醋酸丁酯-水四元体系的汽液平衡数据,并由六对二元体系模型参数关联出四元体系的汽液平衡数据。比较实验和计算值,结果表明:实验值与计算值的相对偏差均≤5%,说明实验值与计算值一致。文章研究结果为正丁醇、异丁醇、醋酸丁酯及水混合液的分离提供了一定基础数据。     

水-乙酸-乙酸丁酯体系汽液平衡研究

用改进Rose釜测定了乙酸-乙酸丁酯、水-乙酸-乙酸丁酯(完全互溶区)体系在101.33 kPa下的汽液平衡数据。考虑乙酸的缔合效应,利用维里方程和Hayden-O'Connell(HOC)模型计算各组分的汽相逸度系数,校正汽相的非理想性,液相的非理想性全部归结到液相活度系数中予以校正。用NRTL,UNIQUAC模型对乙酸-乙酸丁酯的汽液平衡数据进行关联,并得到相应的模型参数、温度偏差和汽相组成偏差。比较二元体系的关联结果,用NRTL模型参数预测了三元汽液平衡数据,计算值与实验值吻合良好,预测精度较好,说明采用的模型参数是可靠的,能够为精馏的设计和模拟计算提供基础热力学数据。     

常压下环氧环己烷-环己酮-环己醇三元系汽液平衡

H2O2氧化环己烯制备环氧环己烷时有环己酮、环己醇等很多副产物产生。为了获得较纯的环氧环己烷需采用精馏进行分离,精馏提纯需要相关体系的汽液平衡数据,因此采用改进的EC-2汽液平衡釜测定常压(101.33 k Pa)下环己酮-环己醇二元体系和环氧环己烷-环己酮-环己醇三元体系汽液平衡数据。利用二元系汽液平衡数据拟合得到的Wilson方程配偶参数预测该三元体系的汽液平衡数据,并以汽相组成的误差平方和作为目标函数,用Wilson方程关联实验数据,结果表明预测值及关联值与实验值偏差较小,可满足工程上分离设计的需要。     

苯—正丙醇—氯化锂体系汽液平衡

本文报导了在760×1.333×10~2Pa压力下溶有不同浓度氯化锂的苯-正丙醇体系汽液平衡的实验数据。以拟二元体系处理溶盐三元体系,并用Herington方法对无盐及溶盐体系的实验数据作了热力学校验。用Van Laar方程关联溶盐体系,得到了较满意的结果。     

丙烯腈-乙腈-水三元体系汽液平衡的研究

在大量实验数据的基础上,对丙烯腈-乙腈-水三元体系汽液平衡组成之间的规律性进行了研究。采用多参数Wilson方程进行关联,对该非理想性很大而且液相分层的三元体系能获得极为满意的结果。该式所采用的参数都由相应的二元体系的参数提供。对99组汽液平衡的实验数据进行计算,汽相组成（分子分数）的平均绝对误差为0.0098。用同一关联式对此三元体系的液液平衡曲线的结点进行关联,亦获得了满意的结果。本文在关联式的基础上还作出了汽液平衡组成、沸点组成、不同含水量下相对挥发度等曲线图,可方便地用于设计计算中。     

常压下环己烯-环氧环己烷-环己酮三元系汽液平衡的测定、预测及关联

H2O2氧化环己烯制备环氧环己烷时会产生环己酮等副产物,同时还有未反应完的环己烯。为了获得较纯的环氧环己烷需采用精馏将副产物和环己烯分离出来,精馏提纯需要相关体系的汽液平衡数据,因此采用改进的EC-2汽液平衡釜测定常压(101.33k Pa)下环己烯-环氧环己烷-环己酮三元体系汽液平衡数据。利用二元系汽液平衡数据拟合得到的Wilson方程配偶参数预测该三元体系的汽液平衡数据,并以汽相组成的误差平方和作为目标函数,用Wilson方程关联实验数据,结果表明预测值及关联值与实验值偏差较小,可满足工程上分离设计的需要。     

101.3kPa下异丙醇-异丁醇-正丁醇汽液平衡的测定与关联

用改进的Rose釜测定了101.3 kPa下异丙醇-异丁醇、异丙醇-正丁醇、异丁醇-正丁醇3个二元体系及异丙醇-异丁醇-正丁醇1个三元体系的汽液平衡数据。3组两元汽液平衡数据均通过了Herington热力学一致性检验,三元汽液平衡数据也通过了McDermett-Ellis热力学一致性检验。分别用Wilson、NRTL和UNIQUAC方程对二元汽液平衡数据进行了关联,得到了相应的模型参数及关联偏差。对于3个二元体系而言,Wilson和UNIQUAC模型方程比NRTL模型方程的关联效果好。最后运用关联得到的Wilson二元交互作用参数预测了三元体系的汽液平衡数据,平衡温度的平均绝对偏差为0.52℃,异丙醇的汽相摩尔组成平均绝对偏差为0.0057,异丁醇的汽相摩尔组成平均绝对偏差为0.0048,实验值与预测值基本吻合。     

碳酸二甲酯-碳酸二乙酯-甲醇三元体系相平衡数据的推算

采用双循环汽液平衡釜测定了常压下碳酸二甲酯-碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯-甲醇、碳酸二乙酯-甲醇三组二元体系的汽液平衡数据,实验数据经Herington面积积分法检验符合热力学一致性。用Wilson模型分别对实验数据进行了关联,利用关联出的模型参数计算相应的汽相组成,并与实验值比较,二者符合良好。利用二元体系的汽液平衡数据,由Wilson方程推算了碳酸二甲酯-碳酸二乙酯-甲醇三元体系的汽液平衡数据。为建立碳酸二乙酯和碳酸二甲酯、甲醇的精馏分离数学模型提供了基础数据。     

盐对水─非电解质系统汽液平衡影响的推算

测定了盐（ＮａＣｌ，ＫＣｌ）─水─乙醇系统的等压（１００．８ｋＰａ）汽液平衡。并提出以三元系的Ｇｉｂｂｅ─Ｄｕｈｅｍ方程推算盐对汽液平衡的影响。以电解质─非电解质相互作用参数为唯一可调参数，参数值可由一个实验点测定，或由多个实验点拟合出最优值。此法在无盐汽液平衡基础上可自盐的浓度推算盐对汽液平衡的影响，在盐浓至饱和及乙醇浓度变化很大范围内，汽相组成及平衡温度的推算结果均与实验很好一致。     

汽液平衡盐效应的分子热力学──乙醇-水-1-1型电解质系统恒压汽液平衡盐效应参数的计算

测定了6个乙醇-水-1-1型电解质系统（LiCl、LiBr、NaBr、NaAc、KCl、KI）恒压（100.8kPa）条件下的汽液平衡盐效应参数.在Pierotti定标粒子溶液理论基础上提出非电解质浓度任意变化条件下含盐双液系汽液平衡盐效应参数的计算方法.硬球作用项采用Masterton-Lee方程计算，软球作用项采用胡英等人建议的分子热力学模型计算．对于乙醇-水极性混合溶剂系统，离子-中心分子的碰撞直径考虑离子溶剂化的影响，以离子的溶剂化系数为可调参数，拟合出混合溶剂的局部介电常数与乙醇摩尔分数的关联方程．预测结果表明，在很大液相浓度范围（X_1=0.143～0.700）内14个乙醇-水-1-1型电解质系统52个盐效应参数的平均相对误差为7.76％     

THE VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM OF ETHANOL-WATER MIXTURE IN THE PRESENCE OF BENZYLTRIETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE SALT AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

The phase transfer catalysis reaction is gaining more and more attention in chemical industry. Usually, the chemicals used as phase transfer catalyst are organic salts. Unfortunately, the effect of an organic salt on the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of a mixture has hardly been reported in literature. In this study, the effect of the benzyltriethylammonium chloride organic salt on the VLE of ethanol-water mixture was obtained experimentally. It is observed that this organic salt can shift and even break away the azeotrope of ethanol -water mixture as an inorganic salt does. The experimental data were correlated with the models or Tan (1987, 1990) and Ohe (1991). The results were not satisfactory probably due to the complicated interactions among ions and molecules and the big different particle sizes or ion, solvent molecule, and salt molecule.

The vapor pressures of benzyltriethylammonium chloride-ethanol mixtures needed in this study for determining solvent-salt interaction parameters in the correlation model were also measured and regressed by the Patil model (1990).     

EFFECT OF DISSOLVED INORGANIC SALTS ON THE VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA AND ENTHALPY OF MIXING OF THE METHANOL-ETHYL ACETATE SYSTEM

The effect of three inorganic chloride salts, namely, sodium chloride, calcium chloride and zinc chloride on the vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) and heat of mixing (h.o.m) of the methanol-ethyl acetate system has been investigated under the atmospheric conditions of 760 ± 3 mm Hg pressure. In the experimentation for VLE a Smith and Bonner type equilibrium still was used while in h.o.m. determination a calorimeter connected to a microprocessor-based control unit (MIPROC) which displays digitally the heat of mixing values in calories was employed. All the three salts dissolved to various concentration levels in the solvent mixture brought about a decrease in the azeotropic composition (expressed in terms of mole fraction of methanol) from 0.75 to values like 0.50, 0.37 and 0.18 depending upon the salt added and its concentration level. The salts sodium chloride and calcium chloride which are more soluble in methanol have been found to salt-in that component but with a peculiarity in that, in methanol-rich region the salting-in effect was substantial while in the methanol-lean region it is only marginal. The addition of salt zinc chloride which is more soluble in ethyl acetate results in an anomalous behaviour.

As for the salt effect on h.o.m., the addition of calcium chloride brought about a significant enhancement in the h.o.m values while the salts sodium chloride and zinc chloride (which could be added only to about 5% by weight concentration due to the experimental difficulties) entailed a decrease and lateral shift respectively in the h.o.m. values.

The VLE and h.o.m data which were found to be thermodynamically consistent have been correlated respectively by NRTL, Wilson and by a model similar to the Scatchard series type equation.     

醇-水-氯化锂体系汽液平衡

用改进的Othmer汽液平衡釜测定了 0 .1MPa下乙醇 /异丙醇 /正丙醇 -水 -氯化锂体系在不同恒盐摩尔分率下的汽液平衡数据 ,并用Mock模型、Sander模型、Macedo模型和Kikic模型对实验数据进行了关联 ,结果良好     

乙醇-水-盐体系汽液平衡

用改进的Ｏｔｈｍｅｒ汽液平衡釜在０．１０１３ＭＰａ下测定了乙醇水氯化钙、醋酸钾体系在恒盐摩尔分率下的汽液平衡数据。用Ｆｕｒｔｅｒ方程、修正的Ｆｕｒｔｅｒ方程、拟二元模型及溶剂化模型对实验数据进行关联，取得良好结果，其中乙醇水氯化钙体系实验数据用修正的Ｆｕｒｔｅｒ方程关联，所得汽相平均偏差为０．０１２４。     

盐效分离作用理论预测

研究了盐效分离基本原理,采用选择性溶剂化模型,利用定标粒子理论计算盐在含水体系中的标准摩尔迁移自由能。提出了将迁移自由能与相平衡中盐效应的大小结合起来,用迁移自由能理论解释相平衡中的盐效应。文中计算了盐在6种含水体系的标准摩尔迁移自由能,并与其盐效应进行了对比,研究发现在含水体系中盐效应随盐的标准摩尔迁移自由能增大而增大,因此在盐效分离过程中可以采用标准摩尔迁移自由能模型选择有效的盐作分离剂。     

Extension of hála's model to correlate isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria containing calcium chloride

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) of methanol-water and methanol-ethanol systems with calcium chloride at several concentrations were studied from the view point of the applicability of Hála's model which had been applied to correlate isothermal VLE of salt-containing systems. Prediction of the VLE of the two isobaric systems was not satisfactory with the binary interaction parameters taken from the corresponding isothermal systems because of the different temperature range. However, it was found that the correlation of the isobaric systems was successful by adjusting solvent-salt parameters. It was also found that the parameters obtained were independent of the salt concentration.