芹菜大豆酸奶的研制

以芹菜和大豆为原料，在豆乳中加入芹菜汁．再以保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵剂进行乳酸发酵．用正交试验得出最佳配料组合。结果表明芹菜汁添加量为8％，保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1：1)添加量为4％，白砂糖添加量为7％．稳定剂用量为0．30％，在43℃条件下发酵4～5h，可制得风味、口感俱佳的芹菜酸豆奶。     

紫背天葵色素对酸豆奶发酵进程的影响

大豆为主要原料,将紫背天葵提取色素添加到豆奶中,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌等比混合为发酵剂进行乳酸发酵制酸豆奶。通过单因素试验,探讨紫背天葵色素对酸豆奶发酵pH、乳酸菌数、酸豆奶品质及保藏性能的影响。结果表明,豆水质量比为1∶10的豆奶中添加6%紫背天葵色素提取液,6%蔗糖和2%葡萄糖,85℃杀菌30 min后冷却至43℃,接种3%乳酸菌发酵6 h,紫背天葵色素的添加有利于乳酸菌的生长繁殖,加速酸豆奶的发酵进程,缩短发酵时间,能改善产品的组织状态,提高产品的保藏性能。制得的酸豆奶色泽鲜红,组织细腻,凝固性好,滋味和气味优良,营养价值高。     

双歧杆菌发酵豆奶生产工艺的研究

以发酵液的外观口感及其中的活菌数为评价产品的指标,考察青春双歧杆菌在以豆奶、胡萝卜汁为底料生产活菌饮品的发酵条件。结果表明：最佳底料配比为豆奶50%（v/v）、胡萝卜汁50%（v/v）,发酵的最佳工艺条件的组织为培养温度为37℃,发酵时间10h,接种量5%,蜂蜜添加量2%。     

响应面法优化葛根酸豆奶配方

本文以大豆、葛根、白砂糖为主要原料,通过单因素实验方法,明确白砂糖、葛根汁、菌种量和发酵时间对葛根酸豆奶的感官评分和乳酸含量的影响。按照Box-Behnken设计实验方案,运用响应面分析法建立二阶多项非线性回归方程和数据模型,以感官评分为指标优化葛根酸豆奶配方,确定白砂糖添加量、葛根汁添加量和菌种的添加量,探索葛根酸豆奶的最佳配方。结果表明:优化后验证实验的感官评分为90.3分（n=3）,与预测值89.62分接近,偏差为0.76%,得到葛根酸豆奶的最佳添加量,白砂糖的添加量为7.86%,葛根汁的添加量为18.0%,菌种添加量0.35%。此研究结果下的葛根酸豆奶的质构、持水性、乳酸菌、蛋白质含量和总黄酮含量,优于市售同类产品,具有商业推广价值。      

响应面法优化豆奶发酵工艺的研究

为优化豆奶发酵的工艺,采用响应面法建立了豆奶发酵方法的二次多项数学模型,并验证了该模型的有效性;探讨了菌种添加量、发酵时间、发酵温度3个因子的交互作用及其最佳水平。研究结果表明：菌种添加量显著影响豆奶发酵程度,优化的最佳条件为：菌种添加量为0.0212%,发酵时间12.53 h,发酵温度41℃。     

豆奶中加入苦瓜汁生产酸豆奶的工艺研究

以豆奶和苦瓜汁为原料,研究了用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵剂进行乳酸发酵制作酸豆奶的工艺。经正交试验得到的最佳工艺条件为:在豆水比1∶10的溶液中,加入10%脱脂乳,20%苦瓜汁,8%蔗糖,0.2%复合豆奶稳定剂,接种量4%,41℃下发酵6h,可制得色泽均一、组织细腻、酸甜爽口、香味协调的苦瓜酸豆奶。     

干酪乳杆菌发酵酸豆奶的工艺研究

以大豆为主要原料,探讨干酪乳杆菌混合发酵酸豆奶生产中的菌种配比、总固形物含量、糖浓度及发酵温度、豆奶比(豆浆中固形物量S:奶粉量M)(S:M)、稳定剂的添加等因素对产品质地风味的影响.通过单因素实验、响应面分析等实验确定酸豆奶的最佳加工参数为:总固形物含量11%,糖浓度5%,发酵温度为34℃,菌种配比为干酪乳杆菌:保加利亚乳杆菌:嗜热链球菌:丁二酮乳脂链球菌=4:2:1:1,原料豆奶比(S:M)为2:3,稳定剂为明胶:黄原胶=2:1,所得酸豆奶产品在粘性、风味以及保水性方面优于市售同类酸奶产品.     

利用开菲尔粒制备酸豆奶酒最佳发酵条件的研究

利用传统酸牛奶酒(Kefir)的发酵剂--开菲尔粒(KefirGrains)制作的发酵剂,对豆奶与牛奶的混合原料进行发酵,采用L16(45)正交试验设计筛选制备酸豆奶酒(一种新型发酵豆奶制品)的最佳发酵条件。结果表明:豆奶与鲜牛奶的搭配比例是8:2,接种量为3%,发酵温度25℃,发酵时间14h,添加10%的白砂糖。产品的酸度为83°T,乙醇含量为0.26%。     

豆奶干酪制备的影响因素研究

通过对豆奶干酪生产因素的研究,发现豆乳添加量、混合乳杀菌温度、发酵剂添加量、混合酶比例和CaCl2添加量等因素对豆奶干酪的产率都有影响,从而确定最佳工艺参数.实验结果表明,为了提高豆奶干酪的产率,同时保证豆奶干酪的品质,豆乳添加量为10%;杀菌条件为80℃、15 s;发酵剂添加量为2.00%;调酸pH为5.8;谷氨酰胺转胺酶与凝乳酶比例为4∶1;CaCl2添加量为0.06%;热缩温度为40℃;干酪切割时间为120min,切割大小为10mm.     

双歧杆菌发酵豆奶生产工艺的研究

以发酵液的外观口感及其中的活菌数为评价产品的指标,考察青春双歧杆菌在以豆奶、胡萝卜汁为底料生产活菌饮品的发酵条件,最佳底料配经为豆奶50%（v/v)、胡萝卜汁50%（v/v),发酵的最佳工艺条件的组合为培养温度为37℃、发酵时间10h、接种量5%、蜂蜜添加量2%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the