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针对位置指纹定位算法在训练阶段信号数据采集量大和定位精度不高的问题,提出一种压缩感知(CS,Compressed Sensing)与K均值改进支持向量机(SVM,Support Vector Machine)相结合的定位算法模型(CS-KSVM)。CS算法在训练阶段利用已采集到的部分参考点wifi信号强度数据对整个指纹信号库进行重构以降低信号采集工作量,再用K均值改进SVM算法来实现测试点的准确分类。实验仿真结果表明,CS-KSVM算法在相同采样点条件下的定位精度明显要高于传统定位算法,同时在相同定位精度条件下大大减少了定位需要的采样点数。CS-KSVM算法在3米之内的定位准确度可以达到93.2%。 相似文献
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在经典的K最近邻(K-Nearest Neighbors,KNN)的WiFi定位方法中,其算法复杂度随着定位区域和定位区域内的WiFi接入点(Access Point,AP)的增加而增加,无法满足实时定位的要求.为此,提出一种分级WiFi定位算法.算法分为粗定位和精定位阶段,首先通过AP的可见性利用汉明距离寻找可能的子区域,再用KNN算法在子区域内(利用信号强度欧氏距离)进行精定位.经过实测数据验证,平均单次定位时间在KNN算法下下降了约95%,在最大后验算法下下降了约96%,表明所提分级定位框架具有延迟低的优点. 相似文献
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在室内多径环境下信号视距传播易受障碍物影响,导致现有的一些室内定位技术对室内环境分布的估计较为困难。时间反转镜( TRM)室内无线定位技术可以有效地减少室内多径效应对信号的影响以及复杂环境造成的延时。但是,若没有信号传输信道的信息,常规TRM技术的定位精度就会大打折扣。针对该问题,给出了一种基于快速行进算法( FMM)的TRM室内无线定位方法。该方法首先利用FMM和同时代数重建算法( SART )迭代更新计算室内环境分布,然后使用估计结果进行TRM定位。仿真结果显示,对于小型规模的目标物体定位误差约为1.84 cm,在未知室内信道信息的仿真环境下,该方法比常规TRM技术的定位精度提高约32.90倍。 相似文献
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利用无线局域网(WiFi)进行定位是室内定位的一种可靠方法,但是在对城市WiFi信号进行采样收集,以利用它进行定位时会遇到许多现实困难.首先是安全隐私问题,往往无法进入他人住宅或办公区域测量WiFi接入点(AP)的实际位置;其次是终端WiFi模块的性能问题,不同WiFi模块在同一位置对同一AP可能获得不同的信号强度,因此也会造成信号强度偏移误差,最后是传播模型中的衰减参数估计问题,复杂的环境室内中往往难以靠经验确定信号衰减参数.文中提出一种基于Keenan-Motley (KM)模型的关键参数计算方法,通过对传播模型线性化求解能够利用周边采样点有效估算AP位置、信号强度偏移误差和传播衰减参数. 相似文献
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针对室内信号时变性导致定位不准的问题,提出了一种改进的3阶段位置指纹定位法。采样阶段,将采集信号的坐标、方位、接收信号强度的高斯分布及其对应的无线接入点等信息存储在数据库中生成位置指纹;在校正阶段中,利用参考点间信号强度的关联性信息,使用局部加权线性回归法,计算出一些虚拟点的信号强度;最后是线上实时定位阶段。通过与传统的加权K最邻近算法、直方图和联合聚类等3种定位方法相比较,该算法在同样的场景下可以取得更好的定位精度。 相似文献
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刘天祎 《智能计算机与应用》2016,(2):20-22
RFID技术是一种全新的非接触自动识别技术,是物联网技术进行用户识别和定位处理的前提。文章在简单介绍RFID技术的基础上对基于到达时间、基于到达时间差、基于到达角、基于到达信号强度和基于相位的定位技术进行了分析。分析结果表明基于相位信息的定位系统相比其他系统而言,对硬件要求不高,可操作性强,有较强的抗干扰能力,具有较高的实用价值。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Outdoor positioning systems based on the Global Navigation Satellite System have several shortcomings that have deemed their use for indoor positioning impractical. Location fingerprinting, which utilizes machine learning, has emerged as a viable method and solution for indoor positioning due to its simple concept and accurate performance. In the past, shallow learning algorithms were traditionally used in location fingerprinting. Recently, the research community started utilizing deep learning methods for fingerprinting after witnessing the great success and superiority these methods have over traditional/shallow machine learning algorithms. This paper provides a comprehensive review of deep learning methods in indoor positioning. First, the advantages and disadvantages of various fingerprint types for indoor positioning are discussed. The solutions proposed in the literature are then analyzed, categorized, and compared against various performance evaluation metrics. Since data is key in fingerprinting, a detailed review of publicly available indoor positioning datasets is presented. While incorporating deep learning into fingerprinting has resulted in significant improvements, doing so, has also introduced new challenges. These challenges along with the common implementation pitfalls are discussed. Finally, the paper is concluded with some remarks as well as future research trends. 相似文献
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Yi‐Wei Ma Jiann‐Liang Chen Fan‐Sheng Chang Chia‐Lun Tang 《International Journal of Communication Systems》2016,29(3):638-656
As wireless communications and microelectronic technology rapidly develop, diverse applications and services based on smart handheld devices have drawn the attention of researchers. The popularity of Indoor Location Based services and applications has also gradually increased. Therefore, how to improve indoor positioning accuracy becomes a very important issue. Although indoor positioning has been performed using various techniques in recent years, the computational complexity of ensuring positioning accuracy and positioning is an unsolved problem. Current indoor positioning systems typically use only the receiver or the transmitter to obtain the reference point data, and only the K‐Nearest Neighbors (KNN) or Trilateration algorithm is used to perform positioning. Therefore, positioning accuracy is limited by the use of reference point data from a single source and by the positioning algorithm used. The Novel Fingerprinting Mechanisms (NFM) indoor positioning system proposed in this study, however, uses both the receiver and transmitter to obtain positioning data and employs six positioning mechanisms to improve the current positioning accuracy. The experimental results show that the average error distance is 1.18 m in the NFM indoor positioning system. That is the system outperforms both KNN and Trilateration systems, which have average error distances of 1.35 m and 2.23 m, respectively. This study proves that the positioning accuracy is actually improved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Yuntian Brian Bai Suqin Wu Guenther Retscher Allison Kealy Lucas Holden Martin Tomko 《Journal of Location Based Services》2014,8(3):135-147
Wi-Fi- and smartphone-based positioning technologies are playing a more and more important role in location-based service industries due to the rapid development of the smartphone market. However, the low positioning accuracy of these technologies is still an issue for indoor positioning. To address this problem, a new method for improving the indoor positioning accuracy was developed. The new method initially used the nearest neighbour (NN) algorithm of the fingerprinting method to identify the initial position estimate of the smartphone user. Then two distance correction values in two roughly perpendicular directions were calculated by the path loss model based on the two signal strength indicator values observed. The systematic error from the path loss model were eliminated by differencing two model-derived distances from the same access point. The new method was tested and the results compared and assessed against that of the commercial Ekahau RTLS system and the NN algorithm. The preliminary results showed that the positioning accuracy has been improved consistently after the new method was applied and the root mean square accuracy improved to 3.3 m from 3.8 m compared with the NN algorithm. 相似文献
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通过论述超宽带技术与室内定位系统概念,提出了一种基于超宽带技术的室内定位系统。实验表明该系统具有较好的运行稳定性与可行性,为室内定位系统的研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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高精度室内可见光定位算法 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
针对目前室内定位算法精度不高、实现复杂等问 题,提出了一种基于白光LED的可见光室内定位方 法。首先利用由室内不同LED发出的定位参考信号到达定位终端的时间差(TDOA )的测量估计,得 到定位终端到达两个LED的传输距离之差,以此构造距离估计目标函数,然后采用有约束非 线性规划算法得到 定位终端的位置坐标,从而有效地解决了室内噪声环境中常规TDOA定位算法不收敛或误差偏大的问题。 同时,为了进一步优化定位性能,将距离信息引入加权因子中,提出了质心加权混合定位算 法。将提出的 定位算法在5m×5m×3m的空间区域中进行了仿真实验,同时考虑噪声因素的影响,结果 表明,提出的距离 估计目标函数法在信噪比(SNR)为2dB的条件下可以达到平 均5cm的定位误差,采用质心加权处理后平均定位误 差仅为3cm,有效地提高了室内定位精度和系统应用的普适性及鲁棒性。 相似文献
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为实现高精度室内定位,本文设计了一种可见光 通信(VLC)室内定位系统,并通过 结合优化的朗伯模型、码分多址技术(CDMA)、三边定位算法而有效提升了定位精度和系统 扩展性。首先,每个发光二极管(LED)的ID信息经过直接序列调制后加载到LED驱动电路上 ,LED发出带有自身ID信息的灯光信号。在接收端通过光电探测器(PD)接收灯光信号,并 根据扩频码的正交性恢复出ID信息及接收信号强度(RSS),以此提高信道容量并增强系统 抗干扰能力。然后,根据朗伯光源模型,由三边定位算法得出待定位点的定位估计坐标。为 进一步提高精度,引入k最近邻(KNN)思想,采集适当的指纹点并由指纹点信息对每盏灯在 定位估计坐标处的朗伯光源模型参数进行估计,由优化后的朗伯模型计算出精度更高的定位 坐标。在1m×1m×1.35 m的空间区域中,进行本VLC室内定位系统 的实验测试。结果表明,提 出的高精度VLC室内定位系统的平均定位误差降低至2cm左右,其定位精度相比于传统三边 定 位算法提升了30%。此外,该系统方案所采用基于指纹点信息优化朗 伯模型参数的方法具备良好的实用扩展性,可实现广阔的应用场景。 相似文献
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消防员在地下建筑、无窗建筑、大型建筑物内,执行火情控制与人员搜救时,不可避免会遇到浓烟、黑暗、高温、陌生等情况,因此就需要精确的室内定位系统支持,已有的室内定位技术无法满足定位精度和长期部署的需求.本文提出了一种基于无源射频识别(RFID)标签的消防员室内定位系统,通过在消防员头盔内安装可变功率的RFID读写器,并将建筑物内读取的已经过精确标定的RFID标签信息回传到远程服务器进行计算处理,可实现建筑物外指挥员对室内消防员的实时精准定位和指挥功能. 相似文献
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针对室内定位技术部署复杂、成本高的问题,提出了一种利用手机接收声学信号通过脉冲压缩进行室内定位的方法。通过借鉴雷达系统中的脉冲压缩技术,将信号和噪声分离,并提取出信号到达时延估计。为了减小定位误差,研究了手机的声学特性,设计了声学超宽带信号的信道模型,将应答节点时延回传,进一步减小信号传播的时延估计。在停车场的试验结果表明:定位结果和实际位置相符,平均定位误差在30 cm以内。 相似文献