旅游视角下的博物馆职能演变

博物馆事业的快速发展极大地丰富了旅游资源;文化旅游的旺盛需求,又给博物馆业带来了新的发展机遇和空间。本文在回顾博物馆职能演变过程的基础上,从旅游视角出发,探讨了旅游对博物馆职能所产生的影响,并拓展了博物馆的职能,提出教育应作为博物馆的核心职能,同时结合旅游者的需求,论述了博物馆职能的休闲化和学习化取向。     

短周期高强度旅游活动对城市空气质量的影响

为定量研究短周期高强度旅游活动对城市空气质量的影响, 提出一种综合集合经验模态分解和去趋势互相 关分析的模型 (EEMD-DCCA), 研究了2015 年张家界市武陵源景区旅游人数的变化对大气NO2浓度的影响。首先, 通 过EEMD方法, 获得武陵源景区旅游人数与城市空气中NO2浓度的高频分量; 进一步, 通过DCCA方法研究旅游人数 高频分量和NO2浓度之间的相关性。结果表明, 两组旅游人数高频分量与NO2浓度之间均呈正相关性, 且具有长期持 续性特征, 这意味着短周期节假日旅游人数的剧增会持续影响未来一定时间尺度内大气NO2浓度的变化趋势。在武 陵源景区的研究表明所提的分析模型可以为定量评估旅游活动对自然景区空气质量的影响提供新的研究途径。     

The smartphone: The tourist’s on-site shopping friend. An extended cognitive,affective, normative model

While the importance of smartphones in tourists’ purchases has been demonstrated, almost no research has modelled tourists’ use of smartphones to make on-site purchases. The present study, with a sample of 986 tourists, explains tourist intention to use smartphones to make purchases in stores at their destinations through a new application of the CAN (cognitive-affective-normative) model. An additional contribution of the study is that a simplified CAN model, using only 15 observable variables, was applied; it has an explanatory capacity of 68% for tourist intention to use smartphones. Performance expectancy is the variable that most explains intention to use smartphones.     

基于Android的导游系统的设计与实现

在Android开源手机平台的基础上,设计并实现了导游系统。该系统结合全球定位系统,Google Map,文本朗读等技术为游客提供了便利的导游服务。游客可以先对景区进行总览,然后对感兴趣的景点了解详情。游客可以随时随地了解到目前自己所在的位置、前往景点的路线,当到达相应的景点时,会有文字介绍及语音解说,游客并能够及时了解到好友目前所在的位置。测试结果表明,该系统自然直观、简便易用。     

Performance analysis of cellular mobile communication networks supporting multimedia services

This paper illustrates the development of an analytical model for a communication network providing integrated services to a population of mobile users, and presents performance results to both validate the analytical approach, and assess the quality of the services offered to the end users. The analytical model is based on continuoustime multidimensional birth–death processes, and is focused on just one of the cells in the network. The cellular system is assumed to provide three classes of service: the basic voice service, a data service with bit rate higher than the voice service, and a multimedia service with one voice and one data component. In order to improve the overall network performance, some channels can be reserved to handovers, and multimedia calls that cannot complete a handover are decoupled, by transferring to the target cell only the voice component and suspending the data connection until a sufficient number of channels become free. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy of the approximate model, as well as the effectiveness of the newly proposed multimedia call decoupling approach.     

Non‐preemptive Queueing Model of Spectrum Handoff Scheme Based on Prioritized Data Traffic in Cognitive Wireless Networks

In this study, a non‐preemptive M/G/1 queueing model of a spectrum handoff scheme for cognitive wireless networks is proposed. Because spectrum handoff gives secondary users an opportunity to carry on their transmissions, it is crucially important to determine the actions of primary users. In our queueing model, prioritized data traffic is utilized to meet the requirements of the secondary users. These users’ packets are categorized into three different priority classes: urgent, real‐time, and non‐real time. Urgent data packets have the highest priority, while non‐real time data packets have the lowest priority. Riverbed (OPNET) Modeler simulation software was used to simulate both reactive and proactive decision spectrum handoff schemes. The simulation results were consistent with the analytical results obtained under different load and traffic conditions. This study also revealed that the cumulative number of handoffs can be drastically decreased by exploiting priority classes and utilizing a decent spectrum handoff strategy, such as a reactive or proactive decision‐based strategy.     

Resource allocation for multiple classes of DS-CDMA traffic

We consider a packet data direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system which supports integrated services. The services are partitioned into different traffic classes according to information rate (bandwidth) and quality of service (QoS) requirements. Given sufficient bandwidth, QoS requirements can be satisfied by an appropriate assignment of transmitted power and processing gain to users in each class. The effect of this assignment is analyzed for both a single class of data users and two classes of voice and data users. For a single class of data users, we examine the relationship between average delay and processing gain, assuming that ARQ with forward error correction is used to guarantee reliability. The only channel impairment considered is interference, which is modeled as Gaussian noise. A fixed user population is assumed and two models for generation of data packets are considered: (1) each user generates a new packet as soon as the preceding packet is successfully delivered and (2) each user generates packets according to a Poisson process. In each case, the packets enter a buffer which is emptied at the symbol rate. For the second traffic model, lowering the processing gain below a threshold can produce multiple operating points, one of which corresponds to infinite delay. The choice of processing gain which minimizes average delay in that case is the smallest processing gain at which multiple operating points are avoided. Two classes of users (voice/data and two data classes) are then considered. Numerical examples are presented which illustrate, the increase in the two-dimensional (2-D) capacity region achievable by optimizing the assignment of powers and processing gains to each class     

纯理功能理论视角下的景区介绍英译探析——以南通濠河风景区为例

随着中国旅游业的蓬勃发展, 国际游客的数量逐年增多, 旅游风景区英文介绍对国际游客引导、沟通和提 示的重要性也日渐突出。从韩礼德三大纯理功能理论的视角, 以南通市濠河风景区为例, 分析我国风景区 介绍材料英译三大功能的实现和失误, 并提出翻译策略, 以期提高旅游景区介绍的翻译质量和对国际游客 的服务质量。     

SPETA: Social pervasive e-Tourism advisor

Tourism is one of the major sources of income for many countries. Therefore, providing efficient, real-time service for tourists is a crucial competitive asset which needs to be enhanced using major technological advances. The current research has the objective of integrating technological innovation into an information system, in order to build a better user experience for the tourist. The principal strength of the approach is the fusion of context-aware pervasive systems, GIS systems, social networks and semantics. This paper presents the SPETA system, which uses knowledge of the user’s current location, preferences, as well as a history of past locations, in order to provide the type of recommender services that tourists expect from a real tour guide.     

Distributed control and resource marking using best-effort routers

We present a method for creating differential QoS where control is in the hands of the end system or user, and the network distributes congestion feedback information to users via packet marking at resources. Current proposals for creating differential QoS in the Internet often rely on classifying packets into a number of classes with routers treating different classes appropriately. The router plays a critical role in guaranteeing performance. In contrast, there is a growing body of work that seeks to place more of the control in the hands of the end system or user, with simple functionality in the router. This is the approach outlined in this tutorial article: using insights from economics and control theory we show how cooperation between end systems and the network can be encouraged using a simple packet marking scheme. The network distributes congestion feedback information to users via packet marking at resources, and users react accordingly to obtain differential QoS     

Interference control and chip waveform design in multirate DS-CDMAcommunication systems

We study the interference effects in a multirate DS-code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system. Optimum chip waveform selection with arbitrary shapes is analyzed using a time domain approach. The problem is posed as an interference minimization problem under energy and time-bandwidth constraints and prolate spheroidal wave functions are used to arrive at a solution. Various factors affecting the interference are identified and the trade-off between competing factors is analyzed. The effect of the interchip interference on the optimum chip waveform design is also quantified under a practical bandwidth constraint. We study the benefits of employing two different chip waveforms for two classes of users. We compare the performance of systems employing two different chip waveforms with that of a single-chip waveform system such as IS-95. We show that when the power imbalance is large, it is advantageous to employ two different chip waveforms for different classes of users     

An introduction to the multi-user MIMO downlink

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication techniques have been an important area of focus for next-generation wireless systems because of their potential for high capacity, increased diversity, and interference suppression. For applications such as wireless LANs and cellular telephony, MIMO systems will likely be deployed in environments where a single base must communicate with many users simultaneously. As a result, the study of multi-user MIMO systems has emerged recently as an important research topic. Such systems have the potential to combine the high capacity achievable with MIMO processing with the benefits of space-division multiple access. In this article we review several algorithms that have been proposed with this goal in mind. We describe two classes of solutions. The first uses a signal processing approach with various types of transmitter beamforming. The second uses "dirty paper" coding to overcome the interference a user sees from signals intended for other users. We conclude by describing future areas of research in multi-user MIMO communications.     

Metropolitan area mobile services to support virtual groups

More and more cities and municipal organizations start to offer services restricted to their metropolitan area. Today, many of these service are located in the field of e-government, allowing citizens to perform many of their administrative duties online. However, with wireless networks and mobile devices becoming more powerful and much less expensive, a broad variety of new mobile services can be envisioned. In this paper, we investigate metropolitan services to support mobile virtual groups, i.e., groups of mobile users who have some kind of logical association with each other, but who are distributed throughout the city and are mobile, meaning they might be constantly on the move. As two major services that such groups would like to make use of, we identified voice group communication and localization of group members. In mobile environments, both services pose a number of problems. Based on a typical metropolitan area network infrastructure, we develop solutions for these problems. We also show how these solutions can be integrated into a mobile group application, namely, the communication and localization component of a virtual tourist guide for the city of Heidelberg using members of a tourist group which can move independently but still keep in touch. We also describe measurements and experiences to argue for the feasibility of our approach.     

A System Reliability Model with Classes of Failures

This paper presents an approach to system reliability involving s-dependence of the workload as well as the system configuration. Four classes of failures are described and then incorporated into the workload model. Mean time to failure and the system reliability are the functions of parameters estimated by monitoring a real system. The model allows multiple classes of users and priority requests to be represented. The model is validated using measurement data collected in an IBM installation.     

基于游客体验的南通寺街历史街区旅游开发研究

随着城市化进程的加快,旅游者的消费观念和行为也随之改变,体验与旅游的相互融合也改变了传统旅游 的形式。近年来,越来越多的旅游者开始前往历史街区旅游,因此如何使历史街区吸引更多的游客,提高 游客体验,已经成为旅游界研究的一个热点课题。以南通寺街为例,从游客体验的角度研究历史街区,分 析了历史街区游客体验的动机、内容、影响因素,并结合成熟历史街区的游客体验开发,对南通寺街在游 客体验背景下存在的如资源类型单一、环境破坏严重、旅游设施不全、开发力度不足等问题进行了分析讨 论,并提出了相应解决对策——“人性化”开发、改善环境与旅游基础设施、营造文化氛围、扩大宣传、 联动开发,以期能够对南通寺街进行深度旅游开发,提高游客体验质量。     

Exploiting user profiles to support differentiated services in next-generation wireless networks

In the next-generation wireless network, user profiles such as the location, the velocity (both speed and direction), and the resource requirements of the mobile device can be accurately determined and maintained by the network on a per-user basis. We investigate the design of a wireless network architecture that exploits user profiles to maximize network efficiency and provide better quality-of-service (QoS) to different classes of users. In this article we provide implementation guidelines of such an architecture for the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) network. The key underlying primitive of the architecture is the use of both real-time and aggregate user profiles to perform advance resource reservation in the handoff target cells of the wireless cellular network. We identify various factors that can influence the efficiency of the resource reservation scheme, and through a simulation analysis of an example scenario we show the impact of these factors on the QoS that profiled users receive. The example scenario comprises two service classes: a high cost, profiled service with higher QoS; and a lower cost, non-profiled service with best-effort QoS. The results show that high QoS can be guaranteed to users who subscribe to the profiled service.     

The relationship between smartphone usage,tourist experience and trip satisfaction in the context of a nature-based destination

Leisure travel occurs in spaces and is a form of experience. Given the popularity of using smartphones at destinations, the tourist experience is no longer bounded by the physical limits of the destination. This study considers the relationship between travel motivation, smartphone-related constructs of motivation to share travel experience while visiting the destination (sharing motivation), smartphone usage at the destination, and tourist experience and trip satisfaction arising from the entanglement of the physical space and the virtual space connected through the smartphone. The relationships are examined in the context of Hualien, a popular nature-based destination in Taiwan. Partial least squares analysis of the data obtained from 297 Taiwan residents who had visited Hualien at least once and who possessed smartphones showed that tourist experience and satisfaction are determined by the physical space of the destination and the virtual space connected by the smartphone. However, the inroads made by smartphones are still limited for nature-based destinations, and smartphones may not always have a positive influence. This study also found that tourists, who have different travel motivations and on-site sharing motivations, react to this joint physical-virtual space differently. The use of smartphones at the destination may simply be a reaction to boredom and to kill time, hence the lack of influence of on-site experience sharing on experience and satisfaction. This study showed that tourists value the functional purpose provided by smartphones.     

旅游景区三维立体网络覆盖方案的研究及应用

随着旅游业的发展,节假日各景区游客日益增多甚至爆满,同时游客对景区的网络质量要求也越来越高.在目前降本增效的大趋势下,如何利用有限的资源实现最好的覆盖显得尤为重要.本文根据旅游景区的实际地形、游客分布及建筑情况等提出了"点、线、面"的三维立体覆盖方案,全面提升景区无线网络覆盖能力,成功打造精品网络.     

Cellular multicode CDMA capacity for integrated (voice and data)services

This paper analyzes the capacity of a multicode direct sequence-code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) cellular architecture supporting integrated (voice and data) traffic. The capacity estimate (on the uplink) is the number of voice users and data users, at different data rates, that the system can support with quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees (frame error rates (FER), outage probability). This estimate is based on an interference analysis that considers both perfect and imperfect power control, different user distributions in the cell, and the coverage trade-off resulting from hand-set power limitations. Localized interference from high speed data (HSD) users, combined with the effects of power control, adversely impacts voice capacity. The analysis investigates the effect of two important factors on capacity: (1) received power levels for the different classes of users and (2) data user activity. The results obtained are useful in designing power allocation and burst-level admission control strategies to optimize the capacity     

Near-optimal detection of geometric objects by fast multiscale methods

We construct detectors for "geometric" objects in noisy data. Examples include a detector for presence of a line segment of unknown length, position, and orientation in two-dimensional image data with additive white Gaussian noise. We focus on the following two issues. i) The optimal detection threshold-i.e., the signal strength below which no method of detection can be successful for large dataset size n. ii) The optimal computational complexity of a near-optimal detector, i.e., the complexity required to detect signals slightly exceeding the detection threshold. We describe a general approach to such problems which covers several classes of geometrically defined signals; for example, with one-dimensional data, signals having elevated mean on an interval, and, in d-dimensional data, signals with elevated mean on a rectangle, a ball, or an ellipsoid. In all these problems, we show that a naive or straightforward approach leads to detector thresholds and algorithms which are asymptotically far away from optimal. At the same time, a multiscale geometric analysis of these classes of objects allows us to derive asymptotically optimal detection thresholds and fast algorithms for near-optimal detectors.