基于可拓语义分析的文化创意产品设计方法研究

针对文化创意产品设计过程中对文化内涵研究不足的问题,提出基于可拓语义分析的设计方法.首先分析蕴含的文化因子并提取出可以表征文化内涵意象的词汇,然后通过构建文化基元的可拓表征模型将文化语义与文化的关系进行量化,计算文化语义的设计空间,进行文化语义初步评价,利用图解思维将词汇语义转换为图解语义,并依据关联度函数和优度计算的评价模型进行图解语义集收敛,选取最优图解语义集,再次运用图解思维进行详细设计,最终将文化特征以语义符号的形式与产品造型相融合达到文化创意设计的目的.以夜郎文化为例进行设计,验证该方法的可行性.     

可拓语义和形状文法下彝族太阳纹再设计研究

目的 针对彝族太阳纹文化资源在设计转化中形意匹配不确定的问题,提出基于可拓语义和形状文法的产品设计方法。方法 以彝族漆器中的太阳纹为研究对象,分析其文化因子并提取特征词汇,以构建可拓表征模型,从而量化纹样与文化语义之间的关系。计算语义的可拓空间,进行文化内涵与文化价值的评估,并将词汇语义进行图解,得到优度表征与核心语义。以最优图解语义集为制约因素,结合太阳纹的原始形状、色彩、图示等特征,对太阳纹进行形状文法推演,生成创新图案。通过图解语义,对新图案进行综合评估及形意适配度验证。结论 可拓语义和形状文法在彝族太阳纹创新设计中具备有效性,为彝族太阳纹文化的传承发展提供参考路径。     

基于可拓语义分析的注塑机造型设计研究

目的 针对注塑机造型设计中造型意象特征表达不充分的问题,提出一种基于可拓语义分析的注塑机外观造型设计方法.方法 首先,运用焦点小组法获取注塑机的典型样本,对其造型意象特征进行分析;其次,结合问卷调查,对所提取的造型意象特征进行可拓特征评估,得到各造型意象特征的可拓设计区间;再次,针对可拓设计区间较大的造型意象特征进行图解分析,利用图解思维,将造型意象特征转化为图解语义,结合可拓变换方法构建图解语义库;最后,将造型意象特征以图形的形式应用于注塑机的造型设计中,并结合模糊综合评价选出最优设计方案,验证了该方法在注塑机造型设计中具有较好的可行性.结论 运用可拓语义分析能有效提取并利用造型意象特征元素,可以为注塑机造型设计和方案评估提供具体和有效的设计方法参考.     

可拓语义下汉代铜镜纹样的创新设计研究

目的 挖掘汉代铜镜纹样文化性内涵及中国传统纹样再设计价值,并将之创新应用于现代产品包装设计中。方法 首先,分析汉代铜镜纹样的社会属性和艺术属性,运用可拓语义分析的设计方法,提取纹样意向词汇并建构可拓表征模型,获得铜镜纹样文化语义设计区间;其次,辅助图解思维,将词汇语义转换为图解语义,进行语义表达分析和量值获取;最后,形状文法代入图解获得新纹样,与铜镜单元纹样结合生成有辨识度和设计价值的新纹样因子,并展开新纹样因子在产品包装上的设计实践。结论 可拓学相关理论可以将隐性知识转化为可显性表示和理性评价的文化基元,该方法为汉代铜镜纹样文化性内涵的内挖与外显提供可行路径,为中国传统纹样在现代产品包装设计领域中的再现提供一种延续性方法。     

融合可拓语义与模糊评价的陵阳公样设计研究

目的 针对运用唐朝传统服饰纹样进行文化产品创新设计的过程中,设计者难以客观、有效地对其源文化实现表征与转化,导致所设计的产品脱离纹样原本蕴含的语义内涵与时代特征的问题,提出一种可拓语义与模糊评价相融合的传统纹样创意产品设计方法。方法 以陵阳公样为例,在前期策划阶段,通过梳理陵阳公样的源文化,以可拓原理对其语义进行分析,将优选得到的特征词汇进行综合图解语义评估,结合可拓变换重构理论构建图解语义集;在后期评估阶段,可视化形态意象特征并应用于文化创意产品设计中,融合用户需求进行设计方案的满意度评价。结论 融合可拓语义与模糊评价的方法具有一定的可行性与合理性,可以为传统纹样的创新转化及应用提供方法支持。     

基于可拓符号学和眼动实验的黄梅挑花再设计研究

目的 针对传统文化符号再设计过程中,显隐性因子提取与表征存在模糊主观问题,提出一种基于可拓符号学和眼动实验的显隐性文化特征提取与应用的研究方法。方法 以黄梅挑花为例,在可拓符号学的基础上融入眼动实验,首先,利用爬虫技术提取黄梅挑花文化特征词(隐性因子),并进行可拓语义评估得到其可拓区间值;其次,运用眼动实验提取挑花纹样特征(显性因子),结合隐性因子可拓区间值进行综合图解语义评估;最后,将图案元素进行可拓变换设计。结果 变换结果在服饰纹样图案设计中得到合理应用。结论 研究表明:运用该方法可修正传统的依据从业经验及主观思维表征文化特征存在的偏差,能客观、科学地提取显隐性因子并作为设计因素,有助于更好地表达文创产品的文化内涵。     

基于可拓语义的大运河文化创意产品设计研究

目的 针对大运河文化资源在设计转化中的不确定性问题,提出基于可拓语义分析的大运河文化创意产品设计方法。方法 选取具有代表性的一类大运河文化,分析其文化特征并提取词汇语义,进一步构建可拓基元模型;将词汇语义转化为图解语义,计算图解语义的可拓设计区间,量化文化与特征词汇的关系;通过形状文法演变得到新的设计元素,以天津北辰农民画为例,开展设计实践进行验证。结论 可拓语义分析在文化创意设计中有较强的指导性和可行性,可以为大运河文化等线性文化资源的设计开发提供研究思路。     

基于语义差分法的421家庭智能音箱外观设计

目的 从421家庭的情感需求出发,归纳三代同堂家庭的情感特征,通过设计营造具有温情科技感的外观使用体验,以及具有差异化的智能音箱造型。方法 基于语义差分的分析方法,建立针对421家庭的语义词汇测试体系,通过审美偏好问卷调查,提取421用户认同的情感语义词汇,以现有市场音箱产品为样本,经由用户评估情感语义分值并通过SPSS软件进行主成分分析,提取符合421家庭情感需求的情感因子主成分,明确外观设计方向。结论 从量化思维角度,将所得数据转换为产品造型语言,指导智能音箱的外观设计,使产品更符合421家庭的情感需求及审美喜好,并通过设计反馈为造型方案评分,使整个外观设计研究形成闭环,为产品语义设计方法与智能家居产品外观设计的研究提供一些思路和参考。     

现代中原文化图文设计可拓语义转译研究——以马街书会为例

目的 以可拓学理论为基础,探讨中原文化向现代图文设计转译的方法,促进中原文化的现代化传承与发展。方法 利用实地考察、文献查询等方法搜集和分析中原文化内涵,以马街书会为例,提取关键语义词;对图文设计深入分析,提出色彩、形状、字体、版式4种图文特征基元;通过图文基元的关键视觉感受将马街书会文化与图文特征关联,建立可拓语义模型,运用语义差异法和问卷调查法量化图文特征与马街书会文化的基元关系,并分析进行设计因子提取。结果 运用可拓语义学理论对中原文化语义进行可拓转译设计,可完成中原文化现代图文转译设计。结论 将中原文化特征以语义的形式与图文设计关键视觉感受相融合,可生成具有现代性的新图文,为计算机生成系统奠定基础。     

基于可供性的文化意象交互式智能音箱设计研究

目的 探索将文化民俗有效融入现代产品中的技术思路,保留并延续中华传统文化的生命力,有助于提升用户体验。方法 分析可供性与文化意象之间的主客观互通性;挖掘交互式智能音箱中的可供性触点;构建形态、感官、认知及情境四类可供性的设计框架;以楚文化意象为例进行设计实践,对智能音箱的产品造型与交互操作方式进行设计,并进行设计评价。结果 在可供性理论指导下的楚文化意象交互式智能音箱产品外观及交互体验设计较好地满足了设计目标和用户需求。结论 可供性有助于文化意象的正确提取与转化,可将意象抽象为具有实际意义的设计要素,帮助用户在生理与认知两个层面理解产品的使用方法,同时进一步回味、体验文化内涵和文化精髓。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...