国外品牌婴儿配方乳粉中营养素及3种环境污染物含量调查分析

目的了解"海淘"国外品牌婴儿配方乳粉中营养素及3种环境污染物含量。方法从网站采购18份"海淘"婴儿配方乳粉与14份国内购买婴儿配方乳粉样品,并对其营养成分和3种环境污染物含量进行分析与比较。结果 4份"海淘"婴儿配方乳粉营养素含量不符合GB 10765—2010《食品安全国家标准婴儿配方食品》,与国内购买婴儿配方乳粉营养素含量比较,能量分别为68.09和66.77 kcal/100 mL,蛋白质含量分别为2.00和2.32 g/100 kcal,脂肪含量分别为5.51和5.15 g/100 kcal,泛酸含量分别为676.33和910.84μg/100 kcal,碘含量分别为20.60和17.41μg/100 kcal,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。"海淘"婴儿配方乳粉和国内婴儿配方乳粉中均未检出邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、双酚A(BPA)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)3种环境污染物。结论部分"海淘"国外品牌婴儿配方乳粉未完全符合GB 10765—2010,对于我国婴儿的适应性有待进一步研究。     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定婴儿配方乳粉中硒含量

建立微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定婴儿配方乳粉中硒含量的方法。对还原剂、载流、预还原条件、铁氰化钾掩蔽效果、乳粉标准物质消解液及还原剂存放时间进行了研究。结果表明,在还原剂为1.0 g/100 mL KBH4-0.5 g/100 mL NaOH溶液,载流为8%盐酸,消解完全后的残留液中加5.0 mL 6 mol/L盐酸溶液后90 ℃加热至溶液体积约1 mL,不添加铁氰化钾做掩蔽剂,硒的线性回归方程为I=38.440 4C＋1.362 7,线性范围为1.0～10 ng/mL,相关系数为1.000,方法检出限为0.084 ng/mL,加标回收率为90.4%～109%,相对标准偏差为2.9%（n=6）。乳粉标物消解液室温保存有效时间为3 d,还原剂避光冷藏保存有效时间至少1 周。本方法与国标法相比具有简便高效、节约试剂、更有利于操作人员身体健康和环境保护等优点,可以用来快速准确检测婴儿配方乳粉中硒含量。     

离子色谱-质谱联用技术测定婴幼儿配方乳粉及乳制品中的4种糖的含量

建立同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉及乳制品中的半乳糖、乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖的离子色谱-质谱联用方法。样品经过水浴超声萃取,用Dionex CarbonPac PA1(250 mm×2 mm)色谱柱分离,以KOH溶液为淋洗液梯度淋洗,采用电喷雾离子源负离子多反应监测模式进行检测。结果表明,半乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖在0.25～5.00 μg/mL范围内,乳糖在2.50～50.00 μg/mL范围内线性良好,检出限为1.76～26.4 μg/L;不同样品添加不同水平浓度的加标实验,回收率为95.8%～103.4%。应用该方法分析婴幼儿配方乳粉、纯牛乳和发酵乳等10组样品,结果稳定、重现性好,分析婴幼儿配方乳粉标准参照样品,结果准确度高。该方法可用于婴幼儿配方乳粉及乳制品中半乳糖、乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量的测定。     

高压液相色谱法同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素

目的建立同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素的快速测定方法。方法奶粉样品加2mL 50%氢氧化钾碱溶液,在70℃水浴下皂化15min,经石油醚:乙醚(1:1,v/v)提取,水洗、浓缩后,C30色谱柱分离,在450 nm波长处检测,外标法定量。结果叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素在0.2~4.0μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数:R20.9990;三浓度水平加标回收率均在80%~90%之间,样品及三个浓度水平加标6次重复试验RSD均5%。结论该方法准确、简单、快速且能同时测定婴儿配方乳粉中的叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素含量。     

HPLC法同时测定山药中的植物甾醇

建立了一种高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定山药中的3种植物甾醇(菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇)含量的方法。样品使用甲醇提取,经皂化、萃取后用HPLC进行分析。色谱条件:SunFire C8色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈-水(92.5:7.5),检测波长205 nm。结果表明:山药中3种植物甾醇在一定浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均不小于0.9997,样品检出限为0.50～0.52μg/mL,样品平均加标回收率在93.5%～97.2%,相对标准偏差均小于3.6%。经测定,山药中的植物甾醇含量为菜油甾醇67.1～79.8μg/g,豆甾醇28.8～36.7μg/g,β-谷甾醇129.6～154.5μg/g。该方法操作简便、结果准确度高且重复性好,可作为山药中植物甾醇含量同时测定的方法。     

不同脂肪来源婴儿配方乳粉与母乳脂质组成的差异分析

研究4 种不同脂肪来源的婴儿配方乳粉与母乳在总脂肪酸、sn-2位脂肪酸及甘油三酯上的脂质组成差异。结果表明,从样品中共检测出27 种脂肪酸及87 种甘油三酯,与母乳相比,4 种婴儿配方乳粉含有更多的饱和脂肪酸,较少的多不饱和脂肪酸,且母乳中超过70%的饱和脂肪酸酯化在甘油三酯的sn-2位,而4 种婴儿配方乳粉甘油三酯sn-2位更多的被不饱和脂肪酸占据,尤其是植物油基IF1和IF2,sn-2位不饱和脂肪酸高达80%。在甘油三酯组成方面,母乳中1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯、1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯及一些中长链甘油三酯显著高于4 种婴儿配方乳粉（P＜0.05）,而婴儿配方乳粉含有更多的三油酸甘油三酯、1-油酸-2,3-二亚油酸甘油三酯及一些中链甘油三酯（P＜0.05）,并且脂肪来源的不同会显著影响婴儿配方乳粉的脂质组成,同为植物油基的IF1和IF2具有更相似的甘油三酯、脂肪酸组成及分布,并与添加了乳脂成分的IF3和IF4形成明显区分,且牛乳/植物油混合基婴儿配方乳粉在整体脂质组成上更加接近母乳。最后,基于多变量分析,发现共有16 种甘油三酯可用于区分人乳和婴儿配方奶粉。本研究结果有助于研发更接近人乳的婴儿配方乳粉。     

反相高效液相色谱法检测婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶酸的含量

目的:建立了快速、灵敏地检测婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶酸含量的方法.方法:在配方乳粉中加入60%的高氯酸溶液去蛋白,取一定量的滤液经过舍有C18填料的固相萃取小柱进行除杂,再经过高锰酸钾衍生后利用反相高效液相色谱测定叶酸的含量.流动相选用pH5.0的浓度为0.1mol/L的磷酸二氢钠溶液,流动相流速为1.0mL/min,经BDS C18色谱柱进行分离(柱温为30℃).结果:方法在0.005～1.5μg/mL范围内线性良好,方法的回收率为91.7%-98.3%,RSD为2.5%.结论:应用本方法检测婴幼儿配方乳粉中的叶酸,具有操作简单、精密度高、重现性好、容易推广等优点.     

HPLC-DAD结合交替三线性分解二阶校正法测定荔枝果肉中游离植物甾醇

为快速测定荔枝果肉中游离植物甾醇含量,建立高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器结合基于交替三线性分解算法的二阶校正方法。基本色谱条件：岛津ODS-SP柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相体积分数95%乙腈溶液,检测波长范围为190～340 nm,柱温30 ℃,流速1.0 mL/min,进样量20.0 μL。结果表明,‘兰竹’和‘乌叶’荔枝样品中菜油甾醇含量分别为24.1 μg/g和27.4 μg/g,两种荔枝样品豆甾醇含量分别为25.8 μg/g和26.7 μg/g,菜油甾醇和豆甾醇加标回收率分别为（95.25±0.78）%和（96.83±1.01）%。所建立的方法简单、准确、灵敏度高且可靠,可用于检测荔枝果肉中游离植物甾醇含量。     

压力罐消解-氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定婴儿配方乳粉中硒的方法探讨

目的探讨压力罐消解-氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定婴儿配方乳粉中硒的测定条件。方法通过压力罐消解和微波消解对比实验、样品重复性实验,用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱(hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry,HG-AFS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定的结果相互比对,确定压力罐消解的可行性以及消解最佳温度;通过测定10μg/L硒溶液和一系列含不同浓度干扰元素的10μg/L硒溶液中硒的荧光强度,计算硒含量的回收率,并与各元素在婴儿配方乳粉中的最高限量对比,讨论HG-AFS法测定时添加铁氰化钾的不必要性。结果采用压力罐消解,消解温度为160℃时,HG-AFS法和ICP-MS法的测定结果无显著差异,精密度分别为1.95%和1.49%;在其他必需矿物质元素含量符合限量要求时,各元素对HG-AFS法测定硒的含量没有干扰。结论压力罐消解法适合于作为HG-AFS法测定婴儿配方乳粉中的硒的前处理方法,该方法操作简单,稳定性好,试剂消耗量少,适合处理大批量样品;HG-AFS法测定婴儿配方乳粉中的硒不必添加铁氰化钾。     

酶水解-液相色谱法测定婴幼儿食品中的色氨酸

利用酶解水解法,建立了婴幼儿配方乳粉(以下简称乳粉)和特殊医学用途婴儿配方食品(以下简称为医学食品)中游离和总色氨酸的高效液相色谱检测方法。样品经蛋白酶水解后,经C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5μm)分离,以甲醇-0.1%乙酸溶液作为流动相等度洗脱,紫外检测器串联荧光检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:在质量浓度为0.2～100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r2=0.9999)。添加质量分数在100,500,1000 mg/100 g时,色氨酸的回收率介于99.0%～105.3%之间。色氨酸的检出限为1.5 mg/100g,定量限为5 mg/100 g。本方法操作简便,重现性好,可应用于市售乳粉和医学食品中色氨酸含量的测定,填补了检测标准缺失的空白。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press