共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Effects of pregnancy and lactation on lipid metabolism in mouse mammary fat pads and nonmammary adipose tissues have been
studied. In order to address the question whether the influence of hormonal milieu on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial
cells during pregnancy and lactation is the same as in fat cells, we have studied the mobilization of lipids and metabolism
of fatty acids in the intact mammary glands, parenchyma-free mammary fat pads and in the perimetrial fat tissues of virgin,
pregnant and lactating mice. Compared to parenchyma-free mammary fat pads, the perimetrial adipose tissues accumulated 5-fold
higher levels of triglycerides during pregnancy. Mammary fat cells maintained overall lipid levels during pregnancy and lactation
(16–20 μg/fat pad). In contrast, lactation depleted total lipid stores from 108 ± 5 to 24 ± 4.5 μg/fat pad in perimetrial
fat pads. Results of comparative analysis of fatty acid composition of mammary fat pads, with and without epithelial tissue,
from virgin and lactating mice showed stimulation of 18∶2ω6 metabolism leading to 130% increase in the ratio 20∶4ω6 to 18∶2ω6
in the epithelial compartment. Pregnancy and lactation resulted in the elevation of 20∶4ω6 levels probably due to a 4-fold
increase in Δ5 desaturase activity and a decrease in oxidative degradation of 18∶2ω6. These results suggest that, unlike other
adipose tissues, the metabolic pathways in mammary fat cells are not dedicated to sequestration and accumulation of dietary
lipids during pregnancy. Lactation favors mammary epithelial cell-stimulated production of precursors of eicosanoids which
are known to have agonist-like effect on mammary epithelial cells. 相似文献
2.
Grace Y. Sun 《Lipids》1979,14(11):918-924
The phospholipid composition and their acyl group profiles from subcellular fractions of guinea pig adrenal gland and the
same fractions from the cortex and medulla of the bovine gland were compared. The phospholipids of guinea pig adrenal were
enriched in diacyl-glycerophosphocholines (GPC) which comprised over 50% of the total phospholipids, but the proportions of
ethanolamine and choline plasmalogens, sphingomyelin and diacyl-glycerophosphoserine (GPS) were lower in guinea pig adrenals
as compared to the bovine adrenals. In the bovine adrenal, sphingomyelin and diacyl-GPS were enriched in the medulla, whereas
diacyl-glycerophosphoinositol (GPI) were enriched in the cortex. Although lysolecithin was present (up to 4.5%) in the bovine
adrenal, only trace amounts of this lipid were detected in the guinea pig adrenal. Characteristic acyl group profiles were
found associated with each type of the phosphoglycerides in adrenal membranes. However, acyl group profiles of the phosphoglycerides
were not greatly different either between the bovine and guinea pig adrenal or with respect to the type of subcellular membranes
isolated. Diacyl-GPC were enriched in 16∶0 and 18∶1, but also contained considerable amounts of 18∶0, 18∶2 and 20∶4. Diacyl-GPE
were enriched in 18∶0, 18∶1 and 20∶4, while diacyl-GPI, diacyl-GPS, as well as alkenylacyl-GPE, were enriched in 20∶4. The
lysolecithin from bovine adrenal membranes contained mainly 16∶0, 18∶0 and 18∶1 with only trace amounts of the polyunsaturated
fatty acids. Other polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as 22∶4 and 22∶6, are apparently not prominent in the phosphoglycerides
from either the bovine or the guinea pig adrenal gland. 相似文献
3.
The acyl composition of ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides from a series of human brain tumors was determined and
compared to that of normal human gray matter. Six glioblastomas, one astrocytoma, one oligodendroglioma, and one meningioma
were analyzed. The total fatty acid composition of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides generally had a higher percentage of 18∶1,
18∶2ω6, and 22∶5ω3 and a lower percentage of 22∶6ω3 than that of normal gray matter. Choline phosphoglycerides from the tumors
also contained a higher than normal percentage of 18∶2ω6. Separate analysis of the acyl groups at the 2 position of the diacyl
and ether-linked components of the phosphoglycerides revealed that the diacyl component of ethanolamine phosphoglyceride from
the tumors had lower than normal amount of 22∶6ω3 and a higher than normal amount of 18∶1 and 18∶2ω6. The acyl composition
of ether-linked ethanolamine phosphoglycerides genearally contained a higher percentage of 20∶4ω6 and a lower percentage of
18∶1 compared to the corresponding fraction from normal gray matter. The astrocytoma analyzed had fatty acid profiles similar
to those of the control with the exception of a greater 18∶2ω6 content. These data demonstrate that the composition of the
acyl moiety at the 2 position of diacyl and ether-linked phosphoglycerides of brain tumors differs from the corresponding
component from normal gray matter and that the ether-linked ethanolamine phosphoglycerides provide an important pool of polyunsaturated
fatty acids from brain tumor phospholipids. 相似文献
4.
The lipid composition of Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells was analyzed together with that of ascitic plasma and of livers and
blood plasma from host and normal rats. In comparison to normal livers, host livers showed no significant differences in the
content of the various lipid classes, but contained a higher percentage of palmitic acid and a lower proportion of arachidonic
acid in the major phospholipid classes. In addition, tumor growth induced a marked hypertriglyceridemia in host animals; changes
in the concentration of other plasma lipid classes were not statistically significant. The ascitic plasma contained small
amounts of lipids mainly constituted by cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. Yoshida hepatoma cells contained less phospholipids
in comparison to both host and normal liver, while the increased level of triglycerides and the decrease of free fatty acids
were not statistically significant. Hepatoma cells showed appreciable amounts of ether-linked lipids associated in part to
neutral lipids (as glyceryl ether diesters) and, in part, to ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides. The alkyl groups
in GEDE as well as in ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides were mainly constituted by C16∶0 and C18∶0 followed by C18∶1. The alk-1-enyl groups in ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides were C16∶0 and C18∶0 with only a minor proportion of C18∶1. In comparison to both host and normal liver, Yoshida hepatoma cells showed significant changes in the fatty acid composition
of neutral lipids and phospholipids. Some of the major changes consisted of an increase of monoenoic acids associated with
a decrease of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol. 相似文献
5.
Alterations in lipid composition occur in the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells of the Royal College of Surgeons
(RCS) dystrophic rat, a model for inherited retinal degeneration. With respect to lipid composition of nonretinal tissues,
the developmental timing of lipid alterations and the incidence of dystrophy are unknown. We determined the fatty acid composition
in choline phosphoglycerides (ChoGpl) and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (EtnGpl) in the brain, liver, and retina from dystrophic
RCS rats and from their nondystrophic congenics (controls) at the ages of 3 and 6 wk. At 3 wk, the fatty acid compositions
were specific to individual phospholipid classes without any difference between dystrophic and nondystrophic tissues. In plasma
phospholipids, there was an age-related increase in the relative contents of monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids, with only minor differences between dystrophic and nondystrophic rats. At 6 wk, the fatty acid compositions in ChoGpl
and EtnGpl from dystrophic brain and retina were significantly different from those of nondystrophics. The effect of strain
on developmental changes in brain fatty acid composition was significant for 18∶0 and 22∶6n−3 in EtnGpl and for 16∶0, 18∶0,
18∶1n−9, and 20∶4n−6 in ChoGpl. The brain ChoGpl fatty acid composition in nondystrophic rats was similar at 6 wk to that
of normal rats, and there were almost no postweaning changes in the dystrophics. In retinal phospholipids, the effect of dystrophy
was to increase the 20∶4n−6 content in EtnGpl and to decrease 22∶6n−3 in ChoGpl. The 18∶2n−6 and 22∶6n−3 contents in dystrophic
liver ChoGpl were also significantly affected, while no difference was observed in the EtnGpl fraction. The dystrophy affected
the phospholipid fatty acid developmental changes in a tissue- and class-specific manner. Fatty acid metabolism could be selectively
altered in neural and nonneural tissues of developing dystrophic RCS rats. 相似文献
6.
The acyl and Alk-1-enyl groups of the major phosphoglycerides from ox brain myelin and mouse brain microsomal,mitochondrial and myelin fractions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The major phosphoglycerides from ox brain myelin and mouse brain microsomal, mitochondrial and myelin fractions were separated
by preparative thin layer chromatography. Alk-1-enyl groups from the alk-1-enyl acyl glycerophosphorylethanolamines were reacted
with 1,3-propanediol to form the 1,3-dioxolane derivatives. Acyl groups were converted to the methyl ester derivatives and
the acyl groups from alk-1-enyl acyl glycerophosphorylethanolamines and diacyl glycerophosphorylethanolamines were also determined
separately. The acyl and alk-1-enyl group compositions of the phosphoglycerides from microsomal and mitochondrial fractions
were quite similar. The ethanolamine and serine phosphoglycerides contained large amounts of 18∶0, 18∶1, 20∶4 and 22∶6 acyl
groups. The choline phosphoglycerides had small amounts of polyunsaturated acyl groups and large amounts of 16∶0, 18∶1 and
18∶0 acyl groups. The mitochondrial cardiolipins contained unusual amounts of several acyl groups including 18∶1, 52%; 18∶2,
6%; and 16.1, 4%. A large portion of the mouse brain 18∶2 is in that fraction. The myelin phosphoglycerides were deficient
in saturated and 22∶6 groups and markedly enriched in 18∶1 and 20∶1 groups when compared with the corresponding microsomal
or mitochondrial phosphoglycerides.
Presented in part at the AOCS Meetings, New York, October 1968 and San Francisco, April 1969. 相似文献
7.
An acute administration of chlorinated water to rats caused “fatty liver” and indicated a more than 2-fold increase in liver
triacylglycerols at 2 days after administration. The acyl group composition of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in both
liver mitochondria and liver whole homogenate were also altered by the chlorine treatment. Among the phospholipid acyl groups,
there was an increase in the proportion of 20∶4 but a decrease in most other polyunsaturated acyl groups. The acyl group changes
were more obvious with phosphatidylcholines than with phosphatidylethanolamines. Other phospholipids, including cardiolipin
in the mitochondrial membranes, were not greatly altered. Both morphological and biochemical changes were maximum at 2 days
after the treatment and were fully recovered after 10 days. The disturbance of a number of enzymatic processes in the liver
membranes may account for a large part of the changes observed. 相似文献
8.
Steers were given diets containing formaldehyde-treated casein-safflower oil supplements, in which the constituent 18∶2 was
protected from ruminal hydrogenation. A similar group was given unsupplemented diets. The fatty acid compositions of plasma,
liver, muscle and adipose tissue lipids were determined in both groups of cattle after 0, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of experimentation.
The proportion of 18∶2 in the triglycerides was markedly increased on feeding the supplement and the rate of incorporation
into the plasma triglycerides was higher than that in the triglycerides of muscle and adipose tissue. Associated with this
increase there were compensatory decreases in the proportions of 16∶0 and 18∶1 but no consistent change in the proportion
of 18∶0. The proportion of 18∶2 in the plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters was initially much higher than in the triglycerides
and this was further increased by feeding the safflower oil supplement. A linear relationship existed between the proportion
of 18∶2 in the phospholipids and cholesteryl esters of plasma. The supplement also caused substantial increases in the proportion
of 18∶2, both in phospholipids from liver and muscle and in cholesteryl esters from liver, and there were compensatory decreases
in the proportions of other unsaturated fatty acids, e.g., 18∶1, 18∶3, 22∶6. These studies demonstrate that when ruminal hydrogenation
was circumvented by feeding formaldehyde-treated casein-safflower oil particles, the linoleic acid was absorbed and the pattern
of incorporation into plasma and tissue lipids was similar to that in nonruminants. 相似文献
9.
The lipids of liver mitochondria prepared from normal rats and from rats made hypothyroid by thyroidectomy and injection with131INa contained similar amounts, per mg protein, of total lipids, phospholipids, neutral lipids and lipid phosphorus. Hypothyroidism
caused a doubling of the relative amounts of mitochondrial cardiolipins (CL; to 20.5% of the phospholipid P) and an accompanying
trend (although statistically not significant) toward decreased amounts of both phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylserines
(PS), with phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) remaining unchanged. The pattern of elevated 18∶2 fatty acyl content and depleted
20∶4 acyl groups of the mitochondrial phospholipids of hypothyroid preparations was reflected to varying degrees in the resolved
phospholipids, with PC showing greater degrees of abnormality than PE, and CL showing none. Hypothyroidism produced the same
abnormal pattern of fatty acyl distributions in liver microsomal total lipids as was found in the mitochondria. Hypothyroid
rats, when killed 6 hr after injection of [1-14C] labeled linoleate, showed the following abnormalities: the liver incorporated less label into lipids, and converted 18∶2
not exclusively to 20∶4 (as normals do) but instead incorporated the label mainly into saturated fatty acids. These data,
together with the known decrease in β-oxidation, suggest that hypothyroidism involves possible defective step(s) in the conversion
of 18∶2 to 20∶4.
These studies were initiated during a leave at the University of California, Los Angeles. 相似文献
10.
Thein vitro incorporation of elongated fatty acyl products into various lipid classes was studied in the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana (L.) and the houseflyMusca domestica L. Stearoyl-CoA (18∶0-CoA) and linoleoyl-CoA (18∶2-CoA) were each elongated in microsomal preparations from abdominal epidermal
tissue of the adult cockroach. Incorporation of radioactive tracer into different lipid classes was determined by thin-layer
chromatography (TLC). In the American cockroach, 40–45% of the total radioactive label was incorporated into the free fatty
acid fraction, with smaller amounts in the triglyceride (12–31%) and phospholipid (12–19%) fractions. Of the elongated products
analyzed by radio-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 53–60% was found in the free fatty acid fraction. In the
housefly, the substrates 18∶0-CoA and 18∶1-CoA were used to determine into which lipids the elongated products would become
incorporated. The saturated fatty acyl elongated products were found mainly in the free fatty acid (41%), triglyceride (23%),
and acyl-CoA (17%) fractions. The monounsaturated fatty acyl elongated products were found in the triglyceride (44%), free
fatty acid (11%), acyl-CoA (35%) and phospholipid (10%) fractions in three-day-old males. In three-day-old females, the elongated
products were found in the triglyceride (45%), free fatty acid (28%), acyl-CoA (11%) and phospholipid (15%) fractions. From
these data, it is not possible to determine the identity of the substrate for the conversion of the elongated fatty acyl products
to the corresponding hydrocarbon (Hy). In the cockroach, incubations with 18∶0-CoA and with 18∶2-CoA resulted in small incorporations
into 25∶0 Hy and into 27∶2 Hy, respectively. In the housefly, incubations with 18∶1-CoA resulted in a very small production
of 27∶1 Hy in mature males and 23∶1 Hy in mature female houseflies. These data support the idea that the preparation of subcellular
fractions results in an uncoupling of fatty acid chain elongation from the conversion of the fatty acid to the corresponding
hydrocarbon in both insects. 相似文献
11.
The basidiomycetous mushroom Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) exhibits a unique process of cell differentiation termed “fruiting-body formation”. To clarify the relationship
between membrane lipids and fruiting-body formation in this fungus, we investigated variations in levels of phospholipids,
cerebrosides, fatty acyl residues in the major phospholipids, and fatty acyl and sphingoid base residues in cerebrosides during
vegetative growth and fruiting-body formation. PC, PE, and PS were the primary phospholipids in the cells of L. edodes. After a shift in growth temperature of L. edodes mycelia has been shifted from 25 to 18°C, the proportion of unsaturated FA (UFA), such as linoleic acid (18∶2) and oleic
acid (18∶1), increased. In contrast, during fruiting-body formation induced by the temperature downshift to 18°C, 18∶2 of
PC in the primordia and fruiting bodies decreased, and the UFA of PF and 18∶1 of PC increased compared with the proportions
in mycelia growing at 18°C. These results showed that the proportions of fatty acyl residues in PC and PE differed during
fruiting-body formation in L. edodes. Moreover, the amount of cerebrosides in primordia increased compared with those in mycelia and fruiting bodies and, in these
differentiating tissues, the proportion of 2-hydroxypentadecanoic acid increased whereas that of 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid
decreased compared with that in the mycelia. However, the proportion of sphingoid base residues in cerebrosides did not change
during fruiting-body formation in L. edodes. 相似文献
12.
A comparative study of the phospholipids of white muscle of six of the comercially utilized tuna species, including quantitative
analyses of phospholipid classes and studies of the acyl composition of the major components. Plasmalogen compounds also were
identified and quantified. Choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids were the most abundant classes in all the samples,
as well as the only molecules containing plasmalogens (16∶0, 18∶0, and 18∶1 alkenyl ether chains). The patterns of fatty acid
distribution within each of the phospholipid classes showed general similarities in the species analyzed. However, ratios
between certain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in different phospholipid classes showed remarkable diffences. The
high content of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the principal phospholipids, such as the plasmalogens, and taking into
account the fatty acids possible importance in human nutrition, indicates that the white muscle of tuna species may be a potentially
important dietary item. 相似文献
13.
On day seven of gestation, Wistar rats were assigned to a high essential fatty acid (EFA), low EFA, or a fat free diet. The
same diets were continued during lactation. On weaning, the offspring were fed the same diets as their mother. Rats were killed
at 222 days, brain capillary endothelia isolated, and total lipids extracted from the purified capillaries. The composition
of the constituent fatty acids of ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EGP), choline glycerophospholipid (CGP), and the alk-1-eny
EGP composition from each diet is reported. A decrease in dietary EFA led to reduced proportions of total saturated acyl groups
in EGP with no change observed in the total saturated acyl groups from CGP, and an increase in monoenoic fatty acids, particularly
18∶1n−9 for each phospholipid class. The proportions of 20∶4n−6 in alk-1-enyl EGP were reduced in fat-free fed animals. In
addition, the relationship between 20∶3n−9 and 20∶4n−6 fatty acids in brain capillary endothelia were markedly increased with
a reduction in dietary fat. Low EFA and fat deficient animals showed a tendency to sequester 22∶6n−3. 相似文献
14.
The fatty acid composition of individual phospholipids in subcellular fractions of sheep platelets and the asymmetrical distribution
of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) fatty acyl chains across the plasma membrane were examined. The main fatty acids of total
lipid extracts were oleic (18∶1; 32–41%), linoleic (18∶2, 10–17%), stearic (18∶0; 13–15%), palmitic (16∶0; 11–15%) and arachidonic
(20∶4; 8–12%) acids, with a saturated/unsaturated ratio of about 0.4. Each phospholipid class had a distinct fatty acid pattern.
Sphingomyelin (SM) showed the highest degree of saturation (50%), with large proportions of behenic (22∶0), 18∶0 and 16∶0
acids. The main fatty acid in PE, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) was 18∶1n−9. Our findings suggest that
fatty acids are asymmetrically distributed between thecholineversus the non-choline phospholipids, and also between plasma membranes and intracellular membranes. The transbilayer distribution
of PE fatty acids in plasma membranes from non-stimulated sheep platelets was investigated using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
(TNBS). A significant degree of asymmetry was found, which is a new observation in a non-polar cell. The PE molecules from
the inner monolayer contained higher amounts of 18∶2 and significantly less 18∶1 and 20∶5 than those found in the outer monolayer,
although no major differences were detected in the transbilayer distribution of total unsaturatedversus saturated PE acyl chains. 相似文献
15.
The uptake and distribution of three common dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids was studied using Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts
(V79 cells). Treatment of V79 cells with arachidonic (20∶4), eicosapentaenoic (20∶5) and dihomogammalinolenic (20.3) acids
for 24 hr produced a marked uptake of 20∶3 and 20∶4, both of which were assimilated to a considerably greater degree than
20∶5. All polyunsaturated fatty acids were incorporated primarily into phospholipids; however, there were considerable differences
in their distribution into individual phospholipid species. Although 20∶4 was incorporated primarily into phosphatidylcholine,
20∶3 entered largely into phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, and 20∶5 was distributed about equally between
phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. A marked conversion of 20∶3 to 20∶4 was found after
24 hr and, in several phospholipids, there was as much derived-radiolabeled 20∶4 as there was radiolabeled 20∶3. There was
little evidence of 20∶4 and 20∶5 metabolism. V79 cells undergo substantial changes in phospholipid fatty acid composition
following supplementation with these polyunsaturated fatty acids; however, these fatty acids are assimilated to different
degrees and their distribution among cellular phospholipids is distinct, suggesting incorporation via independent mechanisms. 相似文献
16.
An analysis of the phospholipid, cholesterol, and phospholipid fatty acyl composition of isolated plasma membranes of 3T3
and SV3T3 mouse embryo cells has been performed. The results show that the plasma membrane of SV3T3 cells contain relatively
less phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin and more cholesterol than 3T3 plasma membranes. The fatty acyl composition
of individual phospholipid classes as determined by gas liquid chromatography also showed differences between 3T3 and SV3T3
plasma membranes. The plasma membranes of SV40 transformed 3T3 cells contain: (a) a higher percentage of 18∶1 and less 20∶3
and 20∶4 in phosphatidylethanolamine; (b) a higher percentage of 18∶1 in phosphatidylserine; and (c) a higher percentage of
18∶2 and 20∶4 in phosphatidylinositol. 相似文献
17.
The effect of dietary restriction of n−3 fatty acids during development on brain phospholipid fatty acid composition and exploratory
behavior has been studied in male Sprague Dawley rats. Female rats were fed semipurified diets containing either 5.5% safflower
oil or 6% soybean oil for 6 wk prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Control rats were maintained on laboratory
chow. The male pups were weaned to the diets of the dams except for one group which was switched from safflower to soybean
oil at weaning. Behavioral studies and brain phospholipid analyses were conducted at 16–18 wk of age. Rats fed safflower oil
showed significantly lower levels of 22∶6n−3 in phospholipids of synaptic membranes and myelin than rats fed soybean oil or
chow. The decrease in 22∶6n−3 was compensated for by an increase in 22∶5n−6, the total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids
remaining approximately constant. The brain phospholipid fatty acid composition of rats switched from safflower to soybean
oil at weaning was similar to that of rats fed soybean oil throughout the experiment. There was no difference in spontaneous
locomotor activity among the different dietary groups. However, rats raised on safflower oil displayed a significantly lower
exploratory activity (horizontal movements and rearings) in a novel environment than rats fed soybean oil or chow. In contrast
to the brain phospholipid fatty acid composition, there was no recovery of exploratory behavior in rats raised on safflower
oil and switched to soybean oil at weaning suggesting a specific requirement of n−3 fatty acids during development. 相似文献
18.
Phospholipid classes were separated from mouse brain lipid extracts by preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Methyl
esters were prepared from the intact phospholipids by direct transesterification at room temperature in the presence of silica
gel by using 0.5m NaOH-methanol in order to prevent interference by aldehydes or derivatives. Dimethyl acetal derivatives of phosphoglyceride
alkenyl ethers (alkenyl moiety with a double bond in 1,2-position relative to oxygen linkage) were prepared, using 5% concentrated
HCl in methanol, followed by preparative TLC for isolation.
The major phospholipids present were ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (EPG) 39.8%, choline phosphoglycerides (CPG) 39.7%, serine
phosphoglycerides (SPG) 15.0%, and sphingomyelin (Sph) 5.4%. One-fifth of the total phospholipids (PL) were in the form of
plasmalogens, mainly EPG. Choline and serine plasmalogens were present in trace quantities. The major aldehyde components
of the plasmalogens were 16∶0, 18∶0, and 18∶1.
The EPG were rich in long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids, including 28.8% of 22∶6 and 17.0% of 20∶4, but contained only
7.2% of 16∶0. In contrast, the CPG contained 39.6% of 16∶0, and 31.0% of 18∶1 with a small content of polyunsaturated fatty
acids. The SPG exhibited a still different pattern containing 38.2% of 18∶0, 23.2% of 18∶1, 24.3% of 22∶6, 2.9% of 16∶0, and
3.8% of 20∶4.
Presented in part at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, May 1967. 相似文献
19.
Enhancement of G protein-coupled signaling by DHA phospholipids 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The effect of phospholipid acyl chain and cholesterol composition on G protein-coupled signaling was studied in native rod
outer segment (ROS) disk and reconstituted membranes by measuring several steps in the visual transduction pathway. The cholesterol
content of disk membranes was varied from 4 to 38 mol% cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The visual signal transduction
system [rhodopsin, G protein (Gt), and phosphodiesterase (PDE)] was reconstituted with membranes containing various levels of phospholipid acyl chain unsaturation,
with and without cholesterol. ROS membranes from rats raised on n−3 fatty acid-deficient and-adequate diets were also studied.
The ability of rhodopsin to form the active metarhodopsin II conformation and bind Gt was diminished by a reduction in the level of DHA (22∶6n−3) acyl chains or an increase in membrane cholesterol. DHA acyl
chain containing phospholipids minimized the inhibitory effects of cholesterol on the rate of rhodopsin-Gt coupling. The activity of PDE, which is a measure of the integrated signal response, was reduced in membranes lacking or
deficient in DHA acyl chains. PDE activity in membranes containing docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22∶5n−6) acyl chains, which
replace DHA in n−3 fatty acid deficiency, was 50% lower than in DHA-containing membranes. Our results indicate that efficient
and rapid propagation of G protein-coupled signaling is optimized by DHA phospholipid acyl chains. 相似文献
20.
Nine healthy male volunteers were given 15 Max EPA fish oil capsules providing 2.67 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20∶5ω3)
and 1.72 g of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22∶6ω3) daily for 3 wk. Measurements were taken at baseline, at the end of the fish-oil
period, and at 2 and 6 wk postsupplementation. The effect of fish oil on plasma lipids and the fatty acid composition of individual
platelet phospholipids was studied. In general, the proportions of 20∶5ω3 and 22∶6ω3 in platelet phosphoglycerides were substantially
increased mainly at the expense of arachidonic acid (AA, 20∶4ω6). A large and significant increase in the relative EPA content
of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (P<0.001) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (P<0.001) was noted at the end of the 3 wk supplementation.
We have also shown for the first time a small but significant (P<0.001) incorporation of EPA in phosphatidylserine (PS). Incorporation
of DHA was also detected in PC, PE and PS, whereas the relative AA content of these phospholipids was significantly reduced.
Fish oil supplementation led to a significant increase of 22∶5ω3 in PS and decreases of 20∶3ω6 in PC and 22∶4ω6 in PE. Postsupplementation
measurements showed a gradual return of all fatty acids to baseline levels. The fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylinositol
(PI) fraction remained unchanged throughout the trial period. We conclude that in humans ω3 fatty acids are incorporated into
platelet membrane phospholipid subclasses with a high degree of specificity. 相似文献