双自由度压电振动能量采集器的力-电输出特性分析

在单自由度悬臂梁压电振动能量采集器模型基础上增加一个弹性放大器,构造形成了具有双自由度的压电振动能量采集器。利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了双自由度压电能量采集器的有限元力-电耦合模型,数值分析了模型中各参数(如质量比、阻尼比以及负载电阻等)对系统力特性(速度、加速度等)和电输出特性(电压、电流、输出功率等)的影响。研究结果表明:大的质量比和小的阻尼比能够提高压电悬臂梁能量采集器的输出功率,并能拓展其工作频带;短路谐振状态下的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电流,而开路谐振状态的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电压。研究结果还表明:对于尺寸为50.8mm×31.8mm×0.26mm的悬臂梁基板和50.8mm×31.8mm×0.14mm的压电晶体构成的双自由度系统,在基础加速度40m/s2、频率38Hz的外界振动激励下,系统在负载电阻短路和开路状态下的最大输出功率分别达到4 386.5和4 263.4mW,是单自由度系统的10倍。双自由度系统的频带宽度达到10Hz,是单自由度系统的5倍。     

L型压电振动能量采集器的有限元分析与特性仿真

单频悬臂梁式压电振动能量采集器存在工作频带窄、采集转换效率低等问题。通过在单频悬臂梁式压电振动能量采集器的水平悬臂梁末端增加一垂直悬臂梁,构造了一种L型宽频压电振动能量采集器;运用有限元法建立L型振动能量采集器的有限元分析模型,仿真分析了L型振动能量采集器的结构参数对其前两阶模态频率的影响,得到了结构最优尺寸。利用Hamilton原理建立了L型能量采集器的机电耦合分析模型,对其振动特性和电输出特性进行了数值仿真,结果表明L型结构能够提高能量采集器的工作频带和采集效率。     

宽频压电振动能量采集器的力-电输出特性分析

压电振动能量采集器是一种新型的力(加速度)-电耦合转换输出器件,为了提高单自由度悬臂梁压电振动能量采集器的输出功率和工作频带,通过在单自由度悬臂梁压电振动能量采集器模型基础上增加一个弹性放大器的方法,构造形成了具有两自由度的宽频压电振动能量采集器。利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了宽频压电能量采集器的有限元力-电耦合模型,数值分析了模型中各参数(如质量比、阻尼比以及负载电阻等)对系统力特性(速度、加速度等)和电输出特性(电压、电流、输出功率等)的影响。研究结果表明：大的质量比和小的阻尼比能够提高压电悬臂梁能量采集器的输出功率并拓展其工作频带;短路谐振状态下的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电流,而开路谐振状态的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电压,优化后的短路谐振和开路谐振最大输出功率分别达到4386.5 mW/g2和4263.4 mW/g2。频带宽度达到10 Hz,且是SDOF系统的5倍。     

混合激励压电振动能量收集器的机电响应分析EI北大核心CSCD

为提高压电振动能量收集器在多种能量环境下的工作效率,旨在研究一种基础激励和风流体混合激励下压电振动能量收集器的机电响应性能。根据Euler-Bernoulli弹性梁振动理论建立了混合激励下压电悬臂梁的分布参数模型,通过建立机电耦合降阶模型得到了系统的第一阶模态机电控制方程,利用机电解耦方法推导了系统响应的解析解,讨论了负载电阻、风速对系统固有频率及机电阻尼的影响,分析了负载电阻、加速度及风速对系统发电性能的影响,验证了理论模型的正确性。结果表明,与基础激励相比,混合激励不但增大系统的能量收集功率,而且可在更宽的频带区间内收集能量。     

干摩擦悬臂梁一阶等效固有频率研究

采用牛顿第二定律及拉格朗日方程,分别对干摩擦悬臂梁及等效模型建立振动控制方程,获得两种模型的激励力与频率关系式,基于能量相等建立等效方程进行一阶等效固有频率研究,获得干摩擦悬臂梁等效固有频率解析表达式。采用数值方法计算干摩擦悬臂梁模型一阶固有频率。结果表明,数值与解析结果一致性较好,即悬臂梁等效固有频率随干摩擦增大而减小。所得解析表达式能更直接获得干摩擦力对悬臂梁固有频率影响规律。     

多稳态压电振动能量采集器的非线性动力学特性及其实验研究

为了提高非线性双稳态压电振动能量采集器的输出性能,提出了一种基于磁?机?压电耦合的非线性多稳态振动能量采集器,通过在双稳态压电振动能量采集器模型基础上增加一对外部磁铁,构造了具有四个稳态的非线性压电振动能量采集器.利用磁偶极子理论建立了采集器悬臂梁末端磁铁与外部磁铁之间的非线性磁力模型;利用Hamilton原理和Ral...     

预应力式压电能量采集器的模型和试验分析EI北大核心CSCD

为提高振动能量的采集效率,设计了一种基于预应力梁的压电能量采集器。基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论,建立了基础激励条件下含预应力压电陶瓷悬臂梁的动力学模型,并利用数值仿真的方法对其输出功率、电压等性能进行分析。最后搭建了试验平台对上述预应力能量采集器的样品进试验测试,对其输出电压、输出功率和自由端位移与预应力大小关系进行分析和研究。试验结果显示在相同条件下,5.9 N轴向预拉力作用下的压电能量采集器的开路电压比无预应力条件下提高了11.6 V。对相同容量的电容的充电试验结果表明,含5.9 N轴向预拉力的压电能量采集的平均充电电压比无预应力情况下提高了1.55 V。数值仿真和试验结果均显示含预应力的PEH的能量采集效率得到明显提高。     

基于双ZnO薄膜单元并联结构的微型压电振动能量采集器(英文)

报道了一种基于ZnO压电薄膜双单元结构的压电式微型振动能量采集器,其中的双压电元件是并联结构.采用射频磁控溅射技术制备ZnO压电薄膜,同时,该压电式振动能量采集器采用微加工技术制作.测试表明该器件的共振频率为1 300 Hz,基于ZnO薄膜双单元并联结构的压电式振动能量采集器比起具有同样尺寸的传统型压电振动能量采集器有更高的输出性能.在频率为1 300 Hz,加速度为10 m/s2的外界振动激励下,该压电式振动能量采集器在1 MΩ负载电阻上产生的电压为2.06 V;当负载电阻为0.6 MΩ时,输出功率最大为1.25μW.     

考虑重力影响的压电悬臂梁发电系统动力学特性研究

微电子技术的进步降低了传感器的功率,从而使利用环境振动为传感器自供电成为了可能。建立了考虑重力影响的双稳态压电悬臂梁发电系统的力学模型,得到系统的控制方程,并进行无量纲化。借助数值分析,获得了简谐激励和白噪声激励下重力对双稳态压电悬臂梁发电系统平均输出功率的影响规律,结合半功率带宽法,在保障压电发电系统仍可进行大功率输出的前提下,提出了白噪声激励下重力最小影响区间的确定方法,该研究结果可为压电发电系统的相关研究提供数据参考。     

多方向振动能量收集装置输出特性分析

针对一种压电振动能量收集装置输出特性展开研究,以实现多方向、宽频振动能量收集。首先,建立压电悬臂梁单自由度振动系统的微分方程,分析外激励下悬臂梁的输出响应。在此基础上,采用COMSOL建立多悬臂梁式振动能量回收装置有限元模型,并进行模态、输出电压及输出功率等分析,仿真结果表明振动能量回收装置在不同方向激励时均具有较高的电压、功率输出。此外,进一步讨论了装置的在不同方向激励下宽频输出特性,结果显示其在200～400 Hz频带范围内具有多个幅值相当的峰值。     

多方向压电振动能量收集装置及其优化设计

摘要：为实现对不同方向环境振动能量的收集,提出了一种新颖的多方向振动能量收集装置的设计结构,装置的换能部分采用了一种Rainbow型压电结构。为提高多方向振动能量收集装置收集能量的效果,以多方向振动能量收集装置输出的总电能为目标函数,综合考虑金属弹性基片的强度、装置振动的固有频率及装置的尺寸空间要求等多种因素,采用序列二次规划法对能量收集装置的结构参数进行了优化。该多方向振动能量收集装置经过优化后,在Y向激励时,其输出的总电能为37.146μJ,比优化前提高了30.82%,当沿装置体对角线方向激励时,结构装置输出的总电能为58.715μJ,比优化前提高了29.24%,装置的能量收集效果得到了明显提高。分析结果为多方向振动能量收集装置的设计、制造及应用提供了技术依据。     

Analysis of a piezoelectric bimorph plate with a central-attached mass as an energy harvester

This article analyzes the performance of a piezoelectric energy harvester in the flexural mode for scavenging ambient vibration energy. The energy harvester consists of a piezoelectric bimorph plate with a central-attached mass. The linear piezoelectricity theory is applied to evaluate the performance dependence upon the physical and geometrical parameters of the model bimorph plate. The analytical solution for the flexural motion of the piezoelectric bimorph plate energy harvester shows that the output power density increases initially, reaches a maximum, then decreases monotonically with the increasing load impedance, which is normalized by a parameter that is a simple combination of the physical and geometrical parameters of the scavenging structure, the bimorph plate, and the frequency of the ambient vibration, underscoring the importance for the load circuit to have the impedance desirable by the scavenging structure. The numerical results illustrate the considerably enhanced performances by adjusting the physical and geometrical parameters of the scavenging structure.     

磁力非线性耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器发电性能试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对线性的压电振动俘能器俘能频带过窄,输出较低等问题,提出了一种磁力非线性耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器。俘能器由带永磁铁的I型压电梁和L型压电梁组成,可通过调节两永磁铁间的水平距离,得到不同的非线性磁力耦合效应。试验结果表明:存在最优电阻使压电俘能系统的输出功率最大;对比无磁力系统,磁力耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器共振频率发生了明显的偏移:I型压电梁向左偏移,L型压电梁向右偏移,拓宽了系统的俘能频带;当激励加速度为0.2 g水平距离为20 mm、激振频率为18.4 Hz时,俘能器最大可得到1.2 mW的输出功率。     

基于等效线性化方法的非线性振动能量采集器功率分析

输出功率分析是振动能量采集器结构设计、参数选择的重要依据.有鉴于传统功率分析方法比较复杂,以一类电磁式振动能量采集器为对象,提出了一种新的非线性振动能量采集器功率分析方法,其核心是将非线性振动方程进行等效线性化处理,并借助传递函数开展功率优化分析.首先,考虑非线性磁力以及基尔霍夫电流定律,建立了通用化的采集器1.5自由...     

A multisource energy harvesting utilizing highly efficient ferroelectric PMN-PT single crystal

This paper demonstrates a multi-source energy harvester that is able to utilize simultaneously both piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects in lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) single crystal. The paper presents a study of PMN-PT single crystal with a (67:33) composition grown in our laboratory via a vertical gradient freeze method without any flux. The performance of the piezoelectric and pyroelectric energy harvester using unimorph device structure was evaluated via modeling and experiment. The theoretical study was implemented based on a distributed parameter electromechanical model and the modelling procedure was approximated using finite element analysis to predict the electromechanical behavior of the harvester. The maximum power density at a resonance frequency of 50 Hz and optimum resistance of 2 MΩ was 16.7 nW/(g² cm³) under a 1 g acceleration of vibration. The measured values of electrical output parameters were in good agreement with theoretical and modelling results using MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics, respectively. By using the pyroelectric effect along with the piezoelectric effect, the output voltage of the energy harvester was found to be enhanced at the optimum resistance and specific frequency values. It was noticed that the output voltage was increased monotonically with temperature-difference (ΔT) and reaches up to 180 % of its original value under temperature difference of 1.7 °C at a frequency value of 49 Hz.     

基于宽频-多模态的复合俘能器的解析模型与实验研究

为提高单频压电振动俘能器的能量转换效率和工作频带,结合压电和电磁能量转换机制,提出了一种新的混合俘能器系统。该系统由PZT悬臂梁、弹性悬挂磁铁块、粘附于悬臂梁末端磁铁块及谐振器等组成,引入谐振器及磁铁可实现增加系统模态数量和非线性。基于此混合振动俘能器建立了改进型连续体机电耦合解析模型,并由龙格-库塔算法进行了求解。在此基础上,研制了振动俘能器原理样机,并搭建了实验系统,通过实验和解析评估方法完成了单一式和复合式俘能器性能比对和评估;研究表明,所研究的混合型振动俘能器相对常规振动能量俘集原理可实现较宽的频率范围及多模态振动能量俘集,且能量俘集效率明显提高,具有较好的应用前景。     

Effect of subgrade on piezoelectric energy harvesting under traffic loads

Piezoelectric energy harvesting in roads generated by traffic loads was theoretically and experimentally investigated, and an indoor model of a layered road for piezoelectric transformation was developed using the traffic load model groove. Elastic double-layer beams resting on the subgrade soil were used to consider piezoelectric energy harvesting under traffic loads. Based on the vibration differential equations of elastic double-layer beams, the electromechanical equation was obtained using the Fourier transform. The experimental results of the piezoelectric energy harvesting were close to the theoretical ones, which indicated that the proposed method was useful in predicting piezoelectric energy harvesting from roads under traffic loads. The results also show that the influence of the transducer position on the output voltage and power should be considered, and that the thickness of the concrete panel and the condition of the subgrade soil can affect the output voltage and output power of the piezoelectric transducer. Moreover, the electrical energy was proportional to the vibration frequency and the excitation load.     

Time and frequency domain analysis of piezoelectric energy harvesters by monolithic finite element modeling

The successful design of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices relies upon the identification of optimal geometrical and material configurations to maximize the power output for a specific band of excitation frequencies. Extendable predictive models and associated approximate solution methods are essential for analysis of a wide variety of future advanced energy harvesting devices involving more complex geometries and material distributions. Based on a holistic continuum mechanics modeling approach to the multi‐physics energy harvesting problem, this article proposes a monolithic numerical solution scheme using a mixed‐hybrid 3‐dimensional finite element formulation of the coupled governing equations for analysis in time and frequency domain. The weak form of the electromechanical/circuit system uses velocities and potential rate within the piezoelectric structure, free boundary charge on the electrodes, and potential at the level of the generic electric circuit as global degrees of freedom. The approximation of stress and dielectric displacement follows the work by Pian, Sze, and Pan. Results obtained with the proposed model are compared with analytical results for the reduced‐order model of a cantilevered bimorph harvester with tip mass reported in the literature. The flexibility of the method is demonstrated by studying the influence of partial electrode coverage on the generated power output.