压力容器焊接质量控制

焊接接头的质量，对压力容器的寿命和安全运行起着关键作用，一定程度上，压力容器的质量就是其焊接的质量。焊接接头的质量控制主要包括对焊接材料、焊接工艺、焊工管理及焊接检验等方面的控制。     

核反应堆压力容器焊接的技术进展

本文就核反应堆压力容器用材料、核容器主焊缝焊接、内壁不锈钢堆焊、接管安全端焊接和大接管焊接等几个方面阐述了核反应堆压力容器焊接的技术进展。文章还列举了一些应用实例。     

600MW反应堆压力容器径向支承块特厚件镍基合金焊接

600MW反应堆压力容器(RPV-600)的径向支承块的焊接存在较多的困难因素:属于异种金属焊接接头;焊接材料可焊性差;焊缝位置较深等。在多次试验、讨论后,提出了一套合理的完整的焊接规范,使焊接质量达到了规定的技术要求。重点对镍基合金的焊接性、打磨工艺等其它辅助工艺措施作了重点的研究。     

高压加热器焊接修复工艺分析

分析了高压加热器泄漏的原因和焊接的困难因素所在，肯定了合理的焊接工艺必须遵守：(1)合理设计焊接结构形式，防止产生较大的焊接残余应力；(2)选择合理的焊接材料和规范；(3)正确地施焊等工艺要求。     

压力容器制造过程焊接质量控制

通过对影响压力容器焊接质量的原因分析，提出了压力容器焊接质量的控制方法和应注意的一些问题。     

一起锅炉爆炸事故引起的思考

焊接是锅炉压力容器制造过程中的重要环节,焊接质量决定着锅炉压力容器制造质量,锅炉压力容器制造单位特别要重视角焊缝的焊接质量。     

压力容器焊接工艺评定规划

依据新出版的NB/T47014-2011《承压设备焊接工艺评定》和多次压力容器取、换证的经验,结合制造企业的发展定位,笔者认为对焊接工艺评定试件的接头形式、母材牌号、母材厚度以及焊接方法的选择进行合理规划,可以有效地防止焊接工艺评定项目过多做或漏项,更好地满足压力容器生产的需要。     

压力容器焊接试板浅析

本文阐述了我国与欧美国家对压力容器焊接试板作用的认识,并通过对比分析介绍了中国国家标准和ASME标准在压力容器焊接试板的制备条件、制备要求和试板检验三个方面的差异,为相关人员提供一定的经验和参考.     

压力容器焊接试板浅析

本文阐述了我国与欧美国家对压力容器焊接试板作用的认识,并通过对比分析介绍了中国国家标准和ASME标准在压力容器焊接试板的制备条件、制备要求和试板检验三个方面的差异,为相关人员提供一定的经验和参考.     

气保药芯焊丝用于低温钢压力容器制造的性能研究

焊接是石油化工低温钢压力容器制造的重要工序,随着石油化工装置规模不断扩大,对低温钢压力容器的焊接质量和焊接效率提出了越来越高的要求。气保药芯焊接材料因其高质量、高效率、易于同母材匹配等优点而应用广泛,但在低温钢压力容器制造领域还应用较少。以典型的HOBART XL550气保药芯焊丝为例,根据低温钢压力容器制造的焊接要求,进行了熔敷金属扩散氢检测试验、焊丝吸潮性试验、热处理性能测试、CTOD测试。测试结果表明:XL550气保药芯焊丝最高扩散氢含量均小于4m L/100g熔敷金属,满足低氢焊接要求;焊态和热处理状态下的强度、硬度和冲击韧性也均满足压力容器的焊接要求;具有良好的止裂性能。在性能测试的基础上进行的现场对接焊试验结果表明,XL550气保药芯焊丝满足低温钢压力容器低氢焊接和热处理前后机械性能稳定的要求。     

Recent experience in pressure vessel materials irradiation

The reactor pressure vessel has been repeatedly cited as a primary concern in assessment of pressure boundary structural integrity and in planning for plant life extension programs. The life of the reactor pressure vessel will be limited by radiation-induced embrittlement; this is monitored in Westinghouse designed nuclear steam supply systems by testing samples of base metal, heat-effect-zone and weld metal in the form of Charpy V-notch, tensile, and fracture mechanics specimens which have been irradiated in surveillance capsules adjacent to the wall. The earliest reactor vessel material radiation surveillance program was the Yankee Rowe program which started in 1961. As data became available from power reactor surveillance and test reactor programs, estimates of radiation-induced changes in mechanical properties were predicted in the form of radiation damage trend curves which provide methods for calculating numerical estimates of changes in mechanical properties as a function of chemistry and fluence. For example, the proposed Revision 2 to Regulatory Guide 1.99 provides estimates of shifts in transition temperature as a function of copper and nickel content and fluence. Slight variations in chemical analyses for copper and/or nickel can result in limitation on heat-up and cool-down rates or compliance with regulatory rules, such as the PTS screening criteria. Automatic submerged arc welding was employed in the fabrication of reactor vessels in Westinghouse designed nuclear steam supply systems. The type of flux material utilized in the welding process is important because mechanical properties can differ depending upon what flux is used. This paper correlates the results from over 50 surveillance capsules with the welding practice and concludes that radiation damage trend curves can be developed for welding practice. By using trend curves based on welding practices, discrepancies in chemical analyses are eliminated and credibility is restored to structural integrity assessments.     

锆钢压力容器的制造及产品监检

锆在常温下性能稳定，具有比不锈钢、镍基合金及钛更优异的耐腐蚀性能，而且力学性能和工艺性能宜于制造容器和换热器、随着国内化工行业的发展，许多强腐蚀设备正逐步采用锆材．大大提高了设备的寿命和可靠性，取得更好的经济效益．由于其外形似铜，通常称这种材料为锆材或锆钢。锆铜属于特殊材料，其设计、制造、工艺试验、检验检测过程与一般钢制压力容器具有显著不同，而国内目前尚无锆压力容器制造、检验标准，只能参照国家现有的钢制压力容器标准，而锆的焊接和锆复合板验收只能参照美国ASME规范本文就醋酸工艺系统中锆铜压力容器设计、制造、材料验收、焊接、无损检测、热处理、检验检测、产品监督检验方面进行一定的探索。     

800H合金大型压力容器制造关键技术研究

针对800H材料特性，分析了该材料在大型压力容器制造中裂纹形成机理。对该材料在大型压力容器制造过程中焊接、热处理、无损检测、热加工等关键技术进行了研究，提出相应工艺改进措施。研究结果对优化和改进800H合金大型压力容器制造工艺，确保产品安全质量具有一定参考意义。     

单层整锻式超高压容器液压试验压力的分析

根据我国单层整段式超高压容器的设计和材料的实际情况，从超高压容器的安全性能出发，分析了超高压容器液压试验压力值的确定。本文认为超高压液压强度试验压力的确定应遵循以下原则：1）液压试验时应保证容器内壁不屈服，确保不出现过大的残余变形量；2）液压试验时压力容器的平均一次周向应力计算值不得超过所用材料在试验温度下90％的屈服强度；5）液压试验时超高压容器的平均一次周向应力计算值不超过同类材料制作的薄壁容器的最大周向应力。     

Prediction of residual stresses and distortions due to laser beam welding of butt joints in pressure vessels

A two-level three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model has been developed to predict keyhole formation and thermo-mechanical response during Laser Beam Welding (LBW) of steel and aluminium pressure vessel or pipe butt-joints. A very detailed and localized (level-1) non-linear three-dimensional transient thermal model is initially developed, which simulates the mechanisms of keyhole formation, calculates the temperature distribution in the local weld area and predicts the keyhole size and shape. Subsequently, using a laser beam heat source model based on keyhole assumptions, a global (level-2) thermo-mechanical analysis of the LBW butt-joint is performed, from which the joint residual stresses and distortions are calculated. All the major physical phenomena associated to LBW, such as laser heat input via radiation, heat losses through convection and radiation, as well as latent heat are accounted for in the numerical model. Material properties and particularly enthalpy, which is very important due to significant material phase changes, are introduced as temperature-dependent functions. The main advantages of the developed model are its efficiency, flexibility and applicability to a wide range of LBW problems (e.g. welding for pressure vessel or pipework construction, welding of automotive, marine or aircraft components, etc). The model efficiency arises from the two-scale approach applied. Minimal or no experimental data are required for the keyhole size and shape computation by the level-1 model, while the thermo-mechanical response calculation by the level-2 model requires only process and material data. Therefore, it becomes possible to efficiently apply the developed simulation model to different material types and varying welding parameters (i.e. welding speed, heat source power, joint geometry, etc.) in order to control residual stresses and distortions within the welded structure.     

Effects of a stress relief heat treatment on the toughness of pressure vessel quality steels welded with high heat input processes

The research described in this paper is an extension of an earlier research programme on the influence of a post weld heat treatment on the toughness of welded joints in pressure vessel quality steels.¹ In this part of the work special attention was paid to the heat input of the welding process involved and the influence of the subsequent heat treatment. In addition to the qualification tests, several wide plate tests were carried out.The results indicate that, while for some steels the influence of a stress relief heat treatment on the toughness of the joint depends considerably on the heat input of the welding process, it is independent of the heat input of the welding process for other types of steel.     

简述压力容器材料、零部件质量控制系统的建立与实施要点

本文结合哈锅公司压力容器制造质量保证体系的建立过程,重点介绍了压力容器材料、零部件质量控制系统建立、控制要求、控制方法,以及系统中材料、零部件分供方的选择、评价与管理、采购、验收、保管、发放、材料代用、使用等七个控制环节的实施要点。