Confirmatory method for the determination of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin in honey by LC-MS/MS

A method was specifically developed for the determination and confirmation of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin in different types of honey. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and was validated for streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin in accordance with Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. After extraction with phosphate buffer and a pH change, clean-up was performed via SPE with polymeric phase. LC-MS/MS analysis was carried out using two different HILIC columns for the separation of the analytes and using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive ESI mode to measure the transitions of the substances in MRM mode. For the quantification of both substances, matrix calibration curves in a linear range of 5-80 g kg(-1) were used. The validation parameters established for streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin, CCα (11.8 and 11.5 μg kg(-1), respectively), CCβ (18.9 and 19.9 μg kg(-1), respectively), recovery (97 and 101%, respectively) and the relative within-laboratory reproducibility RSD(wR) (16.4 and 20.8%, respectively) at the recommended concentration of 40 μg kg(-1), fulfil the requirements of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.     

Determinative and confirmatory method for residues of tetracyclines in honey by LC-MS/MS

A limited number of substances are authorised for the treatment of bees. Maximum residue limits (MRLs) are set for tetracyclines in several matrices, but not for honey. Nevertheless, tetracycline antibiotics may be used in order to prevent bacterial diseases and the loss of honey bee populations. In this study, a sensitive multi-residue LC-MS/MS method was developed and optimised for the quantitative and qualitative determination of tetracycline residues in honey. Homogenisation of samples under acidic conditions was performed and solid-phase extraction was carried out. The eluate was evaporated under nitrogen and dissolved in an aqueous methanol solution prior to filtration. A mobile phase composed of acetic acid–water and acetic acid–acetonitrile was used. Separation of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxytetracycline was achieved by using gradient elution on a C18 chromatography column. The analytical method was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC by the analysis of spiked samples around the recommended concentration of 20 μg kg^?1 by EURL Guidance Paper, December 2007. A matrix effect was observed, so quantification was based on an external matrix calibration curve. Calculated decision limits (CCα) were lower than 10 μg kg^–1 for all tetracyclines. Good linearity, repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility were achieved.     

Analysis of chloramphenicol in honey and royal jelly by LC/MS/MS

A sensitive and selective method using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in honey and royal jelly. Mass spectral acquisition was performed in the negative mode by applying multiple reaction monitoring. In LC separation, Mightyl RP-18GP and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate-acetonitrile were used as the column and mobile phase, respectively. CAP in honey samples was diluted with water, while CAP in royal jelly was extracted with 1% metaphosphoric acid-methanol (4 : 6). The solutions were cleaned up with an Oasis HLB cartridge. The quantification limits of CAP in honey and royal jelly were 0.3 ng/g and 1.5 ng/g, respectively. The recoveries of CAP from both honey and royal jelly at the quantification limits were over 92%. Twenty honey products and seven royal jelly products were analyzed by the developed method. CAP was detected in one honey product at 0.6 ng/g and in six royal jelly products at the level of 1.5-17.8 ng/g. These results show that the developed method has satisfactory sensitivity selectivity and is useful for the determination of CAP residues in honey and royal jelly.     

LC-MS/MS multi-analyte method for mycotoxin determination in food supplements

A multi-analyte method for the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric determination of mycotoxins in food supplements is presented. The analytes included A and B trichothecenes (nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, neosolaniol, fusarenon-X, diacetoxyscirpenol, HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin), aflatoxins (aflatoxin-B₁, aflatoxin-B₂, aflatoxin-G₁ and aflatoxin-G₂), Alternaria toxins (alternariol, alternariol methyl ether and altenuene), fumonisins (fumonisin-B₁, fumonisin-B₂ and fumonisin-B₃), ochratoxin A, zearalenone, beauvericin and sterigmatocystin. Optimization of the simultaneous extraction of these toxins and the sample pretreatment procedure, as well as method validation were performed on maca (Lepidium meyenii) food supplements. The results indicated that the solvent mixture ethyl acetate/formic acid (95:5, v/v) was the best compromise for the extraction of the analytes from food supplements. Liquid–liquid partition with n-hexane was applied as partial clean-up step to remove excess of co-extracted non-polar components. Further clean-up was performed on Oasis HLB? cartridges. Samples were analysed using an Acquity UPLC system coupled to a Micromass Quattro Micro triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray interface operated in the positive-ion mode. Limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.3–30 ng g^?1 and 1–100 ng g^?1, respectively. Recovery yields were above 60% for most of the analytes, except for nivalenol, sterigmatocystine and the fumonisins. The method showed good precision and trueness. Analysis of different food supplements such as soy (Glycine max) isoflavones, St John's wort ( Hypericum perforatum), garlic (Allium sativum), Ginkgo biloba, and black radish (Raphanus niger) demonstrated the general applicability of the method. Due to different matrix effects observed in different food supplement samples, the standard addition approach was applied to perform correct quantitative analysis. In 56 out of 62 samples analysed, none of the 23 mycotoxins investigated was detected. Positive samples contained at least one of the toxins fumonisin-B₁, fumonisin-B₂, fumonisin-B₃ and ochratoxin A.     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定鸡肉中氯霉素不确定度的方法

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定鸡肉中氯霉素残留量的不确定度方法,以提高检测结果的准确性。在建立不确定度评定的数学模型基础上,分析各不确定度来源、计算评估各不确定度分量并计算合成不确定度。当鸡肉中氯霉素残留量为0.49μg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.18μg/kg (k=2,P=95%)。本评估模型中不确定度主要来源于氯霉素标准溶液的配置、标准曲线拟合及重复性操作过程等。     

HPLC-MS/MS测定猪肉和猪肝中氯霉素残留量的研究

建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测猪肉和猪肝中氯霉素药物残留的分析方法。样品经4%的氯化钠溶液和乙腈提取并沉淀蛋白质,正己烷脱脂净化,乙酸乙酯液液萃取,再浓缩定容,上HPLC-MS/MS仪器,用Syncronis C18柱分离,以乙腈-水(40∶60)作为流动相,采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),负离子模式,多反应监测(MRM)方式检测,用氯霉素-D5作内标物来定量。在该试验条件下,氯霉素在1～15ng/mL浓度呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 2,最低检出浓度为0.1μg/kg,样品的加样回收率在90.0%～110.0%,重复性好RSD<3.0%。该方法能对猪肉和猪肝中氯霉素残留进行定性及定量分析,方法精密度较好、准确度较高、选择性好,结果满意。     

Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and florfenicol in liquid milk, milk powder and bovine muscle by LC-MS/MS

A validated method based on European and Brazilian legislation is reported. It is applicable to the simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) and florfenicol (FF) by LC-MS/MS in liquid milk, milk powder and bovine muscle. The chromatographic analysis is completed in 6 min and the extraction procedure is very simple, involving only one step liquid-extraction with ethyl acetate. Where it proved necessary to include clean-up, an efficient and rapid step using C18-dispersive solid was added. Initially, a complete validation was performed with liquid milk matrix; later the scope was extended to the other matrices through extending the inter-day precision (within laboratory reproducibility) RSD values. An internal standard (d(5)-CAP) was employed for quantitative purposes. The method was shown to have good accuracy and precision for determining CAP residues at the level of 0.3-0.6 g kg(-1) and FF residues at the level of 5-15 μg kg(-1).     

UPLC—MS/MS法测定虾肉中氯霉素残留量的不确定度分析

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC—MS/MS)法测定Fapas能力验证项目虾肉中氯霉素的残留量,并进行不确定度评定,给出了不确定度。先建立了测定虾肉中氯霉素残留量的不确定度的数学模型,再对不确定度来源进行分析。通过对不确定度分量进行量化和合成,得出当虾肉中氯霉素残留量为0.820 8μg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.146 2μg/kg(k=2),结果符合Fapas能力验证指定范围。评定结果表明,UPLC—MS/MS法测定虾肉中氯霉素试验过程中,样品称量、样品提取、校准曲线的配制、质谱测定、校准曲线的拟合等过程都会引入不确定度,其中,标准系列溶液配制和标准曲线的拟合引入的不确定度最大。     

LC-MS/MS分析测定紫薯花色苷方法研究

目的:通过对紫薯花色苷(anthocyanins from purplesweet potato,APSP)组分的分离、鉴定和相对含量的分析,为紫薯花色苷在食品工业中的应用提供方法借鉴和理论依据。方法:取实验室自制的APSP粉末25mg,置于5m L容量瓶中,用甲醇水混合液(甲醇∶水=2∶1)定容,所得溶液过0.45μm滤膜,利用LC-MS/MS对滤液中的成分进行分离、鉴定,并进行相对含量的计算。结果:根据LC-MS/MS结果可知,分离得到8种组分,并依据相关文献的报道,鉴定其中6种分别为矢车菊素3-咖啡酰槐糖苷-5-葡糖苷(Cyanidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside)、芍药素3-咖啡酰槐糖苷-5-葡糖苷(Peonidin3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside)、矢车菊素3-(6"-咖啡酰-6"’-阿魏酰槐糖苷)-5-葡糖苷(Cyanidin3-(6"-caffeoyl-6"’-feruloylsophoroside-5-glucoside))、芍药素-双咖啡酰槐糖苷-5-葡糖苷(Peonidindicaffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside)、芍药素3-咖啡酰-对-羟基苯甲酰槐糖苷-5-葡糖苷(Peonidin 3-caffeoylp-hydroxybenzoyl-sophoroside-5-glucoside)、芍药素3-咖啡酰-阿魏酰槐糖苷-5-葡糖苷(Peonidin-caffeoylferuloylsophoroside-5-glucoside),另外2种组分未知,同时对各组分的相对含量进行了比较。结论:利用所建立的LC-MS/MS方法可对APSP进行分离、鉴定和相对含量的分析。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定肉制品中氯霉素、甲砜霉素残留

建立了肉制品中氯霉素、甲砜霉素的气相色谱串联质谱检测方法。样品经均质后,用乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷脱脂,弗罗里硅土小柱净化,衍生后用气相色谱串联质谱法检测,内标法定量。优化了二级质谱条件,包括离子对及碰撞电压。该方法检出限为氯霉素(CAP)0.02μg/kg,甲砜霉素(TAP)0.1μg/kg,加标回收率均在86%~97%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在3.8%~12.3%之间,在0.1~20 ng/mL范围内都呈现出良好线性关系。     

液质联用测定氟尼辛葡甲胺的条件优化

建立了液相色谱-四级杆串联质谱法测定氟尼辛葡甲胺含量的方法,对其检验条件进行了优化。采用Agilent eclipse plus C18色谱柱分离,用体积浓度0.1%甲酸溶液、0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液作为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。该方法操作灵敏度高,重复性好。     

Quantitative determination of mycotoxins in urine by LC-MS/MS

Naturally occurring mycotoxins are responsible for a wide array of adverse health effects. The measurement of urinary mycotoxin levels is a useful means of assessing an individual's exposure, but the development of sensitive and accurate analytical methods for detecting mycotoxins and their metabolites in urine samples is challenging. Urinary mycotoxins are present in low pg ml^–1 concentrations, and the chromatographic identification of their metabolites can be obscured by other endogenous metabolites. We developed an analytical method focused on the selection of two appropriate multiple-reaction monitoring transition for unambiguous identification and quantification of carcinogenic aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B₁, B₂ (FB₁, FB₂) in urine samples from a small volunteer group in a pilot study. AFM₁, OTA, FB₁ and FB₂ were concentrated selectively, interfering substances were removed using an immunoaffinity column (IAC), and mycotoxins were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in combination with a stable-isotope standard-dilution assay (SIDA). The method was sensitive enough to measure mycotoxins and their metabolites at pg ml^–1 levels in urine. The combination of LC-MS/MS and SIDA was critical to distinguishing pseudo-OTα interference from genuine OTα. Twelve urine samples contained OTA ranging from 0.013 to 0.093 ng ml^?1 (mean = 0.031 ng ml^?1). AFM₁ were detected in one sample at a 0.002 ng ml^?1 level, while FB₁ and FB₂ were undetectable in all 12 samples. None of the samples in this pilot study contained a detectable level of OTα, despite the presence of OTA, and this may suggest the need for further epidemiological investigation of OTA exposure in the Korean population.     

Simultaneous determination of trichothecene mycotoxins in cereals by LC-MS/MS

Food Science and Biotechnology - This study was designed to determine the residual trichothecene mycotoxins in cereal samples. The optimal solvent for extraction was 84% (v/v) aqueous acetonitrile...     

Development of an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of pesticides and patulin in apples

A method for the simultaneous determination of 33 pesticides or degradation products together with patulin in apples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. The method involved homogenization of the apples, extraction with ammonium acetate–acetic acid solution in methanol–water by ultrasonication, filtration, and determination by LC-MS/MS. The repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility for the three spiking levels 0.02, 0.04 and 0.2 mg kg^?1 were between 4% and 35%. In general, the repeatability and reproducibility were about 10–20%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 0.01 and 0.14 mg kg^?1. The method was used on incurred samples from parts of the ISAFRUIT project financed by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Programme. Samples were analysed at four different stages: after harvest, after storage (controlled), after a water bath, and after 28 days at room temperature. Pesticide residues were found at all stages, but no significant differences in the concentration were seen between the stages analysed. The concentration decreased significantly only for tolylfluanid after storage at room temperature for 28 days when only 0–6% of the original amount of tolylfluanid remained in the apples. No patulin was found in the apples stored for 28 days at room temperature and no growth of Penicillium expansum was observed on these apples. However, when the apples were inoculated with a spore suspension of P. expansum, high concentrations of patulin were found.     

Simultaneous determination of nine acaricides and two metabolites in comb honey by LC/MS/MS

ABSTRACT

We developed a method for the simultaneous determination of acaricides in comb honey using LC/MS/MS. Because methods for honey analysis had not previously been applied to comb honey, we modified three techniques for sample preparation and LC/MS/MS conditions. First, we used a modified QuEChERS method that changed the extraction solution from ethyl acetate to acetonitrile. Second, we replaced the InertSep® MA-1 (30 mg, 1 ml) clean-up cartridge with an Oasis® HLB (60 mg, 3 ml). Third, we changed the ionisation mode from ESI to atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI). With these modifications, sample matrices had no effect on the identification and quantification of analytes, using an external solvent calibration curve. We verified this new method with nine acaricides and two metabolites on comb honey and honey samples from three different honey origins. The trueness ranged from 74.0 to 99.4%. The relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSD_r) ranged from 0.8 to 14.8% and that of within-laboratory reproducibility (RSD_WR) ranged from 1.3 to 14.8%. All criteria met Japanese validation guidelines. The LOQ was 1.0 μg kg^–1 for all analytes. We applied this method to 10 comb honey and 31 honey samples commercially available in Tokyo. From the results of the analysis of 41 samples, we observed that amitraz remained as N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methylformamidine (DMPF) in 9 comb honey and 23 honey samples and that their residual concentrations were less than 20 μg kg^–1. Using this new method, we improved recovery and precision, which enabled precise quantitative determination. Furthermore, the residual amitraz value in honey determined by both this new and the previous method were in good agreement.     

Determination of pindone in animal products, fishery products, and honey by LC-MS/MS

A sensitive and selective analytical method for the determination of the rodenticide pindone in animal products, fishery products, and honey by LC-MS/MS was developed. Pindone was extracted with acidified acetone, and the crude extract was purified by liquid-liquid partitioning, followed by silica gel and ODS column chromatography. LC separation was performed on an ODS column with methanol/water containing ammonium acetate as the mobile phase, and detection was carried out using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) in the negative mode. The average recoveries from fortified bovine muscle, bovine liver, bovine fat, chicken muscle, salmon, eel, freshwater clam, egg, milk, and honey spiked at 0.001 mg/kg were in the range of 76-92%, and the relative standard deviations were 4-8%. The limit of quantitation (S/N≥10) of the developed method was 0.001 mg/kg for all the tested foods.     

Determination of chloramphenicol and zeranols in pig muscle by immunoaffinity column clean-up and LC-MS/MS analysis

An immunoaffinity column clean-up and LC-MS/MS method was successfully developed for simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, zearalanone, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, zearalenone, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol in pig muscle. The sample was extracted with diethyl ether after enzymatic digestion by β-glucuronidase/sulfatase. The extracted solution was evaporated to dryness and the residue was then dissolved in 1 ml of 50% acetonitrile solution. After filtration and dilution with phosphate buffer solution (PBS), the reconstituted solution was cleaned-up with an IAC-CZ immunoaffinity column and then analysed by HPLC-MS/MS. The established method were validated by linearity (r ≥ 0.9990), precision (RSD ≥ 2.9%), average recovery (74.5–105.0%) and limit of detection (0.04–0.10 μg kg^–1). The developed method is rapid, reliable, sensitive, accurate and has good applicability for real samples.     

液相色谱—串联质谱法检测纺织品中芦荟成分

建立高效液相色谱—串联质谱法测定纺织品中芦荟苷、芦荟大黄素和大黄酚含量的方法。样品经甲醇60℃超声波浴提取30 min后,在Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(2.1 mm×150 mm,3.5 m)色谱柱上分离,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(pH=5.75)和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。三重四级杆质谱采用电喷雾离子源负离子模式在多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测被分析物,外标法定量。纺织样品在3个加标水平时,平均回收率为85.5%～99.9%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为1.76%～5.92%。该方法具有快速、灵敏、准确、可重复的特点,可应用于纺织品中芦荟成分的痕量分析。     

A rapid and low cost monitoring method for fluvalinate determination in honey

A simple analytical method for determining Fluvalinate residues in honey is described. Analyses were carried out by gas chromatography–electron capture detector (ECD), using a borosilicate glass column packed with 3% SP-2100. Fluvalinate residues were extracted from honey samples with n-hexane and acetic acid. Mean recoveries ranged from 98·1±6·9 to 101·9±7·6% with SD<10 after standard addition of 20, 50 and 500 μg. No interferences of other pesticides were detected. ECD responses were linear within the range studied of 10–50 pg of Fluvalinate with a coefficient of determination 0·994, and a detection limit of 3 mg kg⁻¹ was established. The use of a packed column allowed the exclusion of an expensive clean-up step. This fast, low-cost analytical method is adequate for monitoring studies of honey samples. © 1998 SCI.     

Corticosteroids in liver and urine in Sicilian cattle by a LC-MS/MS method

The presence of corticosteroid residues was assessed in urine and liver samples from livestock of Sicily. A total of 630 bovine samples were collected from farms and slaughterhouses. The samples were analysed using solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). All the corticosteroids found were under the maximum residue limit imposed by Commission Regulation (EC) 37/2010. About 4% of liver samples showed dexamethasone levels above the limit of detection (LOD), with a mean of 1.5 ± 0.2 µg kg^?1. Betamethasone was found only in seven liver samples, with a mean of 1.6 ± 0.1 µg kg^?1. Furthermore, prednisolone and prednisone were found only in urine and liver samples from slaughterhouse, probably related to the high rate of stress for bovines. These results suggest good control practices adopted by Sicilian farms, able to ensure the quality of food products.