高温环境下碳纤维增强树脂复合材料的层间力学性能老化行为与失效预测

为了研究碳纤维增强树脂(CFRP)复合材料层间力学性能在高温环境中的老化失效行为,设计了CFRP复合材料层间拉伸和层间剪切实验,在高温(80℃)环境中进行0(未老化)、 120 h、 240 h、 360 h、 480 h、 600 h和720 h的老化测试,分析CFRP层间失效强度和失效形式随老化时间的变化规律,得到随高温老化的二次应力准则响应面。建立CFRP复合材料层间力学性能预测模型,得到不同老化衰减系数下的退化模型,并通过CFRP复合材料层间仿真模型进行了验证。结果表明:随着高温老化时间的增加,层间拉伸和层间剪切强度总体上都发生了一定程度的退化,层间拉伸时更容易发生碳纤维丝剥离,层间剪切发生局部的树脂剥离,纤维之间的分层更加明显,高温老化使树脂与纤维丝的界面结合力显著下降。通过CFRP复合材料层间力学性能随高温老化的二次应力准则,计算不同老化时间后的内聚力模型参数,预测CFRP复合材料在高温老化条件下的层间强度,发现仿真与实验误差小于10%,说明了CFRP复合材料层间失效预测模型的准确性。     

含纤维波纹缺陷复合材料层合板的损伤分析

纤维波纹是复合材料层合板制备过程中的一种常见缺陷,会导致其刚度和强度显著下降,有效地预测含波纹缺陷复合材料层合板的失效强度具有显著的意义。基于此,本文采用解析的方式分别构造了纤维波纹呈正弦起伏与余弦起伏状的复合材料层合板模型。利用该模型,以Tsai-Wu准则作为失效判据,研究了一种含纤维波纹的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板在受压情况下的损伤演化过程,得到了碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的初始损伤强度。与有限元方法计算得到的损伤位置和损伤强度非常吻合,验证了本文算法的正确性。另外,相比于有限元方法,本文所述计算方法具有模型构造简单、计算效率高等优点,便于快速分析和确定含纤维波纹缺陷复合材料层合板的损伤位置与损伤强度。      

基于改进Hashin准则的复合材料低速冲击损伤研究

针对复合材料力学性能的分散性和传统模型中退化系数选取的随意性问题,将退化系数与复合材料强度的威布尔分布参数相结合,采用改进的三维Hashin准则建立了复合材料低速冲击渐进损伤模型。考虑复合材料非线性剪切行为改进了Hashin准则,将原始准则中的剪切项用应变能替代,并采用最大应变准则判断剪切失效,避免了应力准则导致的变形不连续。采用该模型对三种能量下的T300/3501复合材料层合板低速冲击过程进行了仿真分析,计算得到的冲击响应曲线、层内和层间分层损伤结果与实验结果吻合良好,表明建立的模型适用于复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤预测。     

基于宏微观分析的碳纤维增强高分子复合材料强度性能表征

微观力学强度理论(MMF)是一种新型的基于物理失效模式的复合材料强度理论。通过对碳纤维/树脂(UTS50/E51)复合材料单向层合板进行纵向、横向静载拉伸、压缩和弯曲试验, 得到层合板的基本力学性能和宏观强度指标。建立了碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料微观力学模型, 获取树脂基体和纤维不同位置的机械载荷应力放大系数和热载荷应力放大系数。结合获取的应力放大系数及试验测得的单向层合板宏观强度, 计算出层合板组分的MMF强度特征值。绘制了基于MMF强度理论的层合板破坏包络线, 并与Tsai-Wu失效准则预测结果进行对比。实现了对UTS50/E51层合板MMF强度特征值的表征。     

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板胶螺混合连接失效机制

为研究碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)层合板单搭接双螺栓胶螺混合连接失效机制,采用基于断裂能断裂准则的连续渐进退化方式,仿真CFRP层合板刚度退化,采用基于能量的B-K准则仿真胶层的损伤演化,建立胶螺混合连接结构渐进损伤三维有限元模型,有限元模型预测的最大失效载荷与实验结果吻合较好。搭接长度L_a为影响胶螺混合接头刚度和强度的重要几何参数,螺栓的位置不会明显影响接头的刚度,粘结面积越大,强度越大。胶螺混合接头在拉伸载荷作用下,由于二次弯曲效应的影响,螺栓向左倾斜,搭接区域的胶层损伤起始于搭接区域胶层外侧,并由外侧向内部扩展到钉孔附近,当胶层损伤扩展到钉孔附近时,螺栓承载增加,胶层和螺栓共同承载,此时CFRP层合板开始出现损伤;最终,左侧钉孔处的上层合板和右侧钉孔处的下层合板产生分层损伤并发生断裂。      

基于遗传算法的碳纤维增强树脂复合材料层合板单搭胶接结构的多目标优化

基于遗传算法对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)层合板单搭胶接结构进行了多目标优化,以提高其结构性能.首先,通过三维Hashin准则和三角形内聚力模型建立三维有限元模型来预测CFRP层内损伤过程、层间失效和胶层损伤过程,并通过试验验证其有效性.其次,利用拉丁超立方抽样(LHS)方法和二次多项式响应面法(RSM),基于搭...     

搭接长度和铺层方式对CFRP复合材料层合板胶接结构连接性能和损伤行为的影响

针对不同搭接长度和铺层方式的碳纤维增强树脂（CFRP）复合材料层合板单搭胶接结构进行了拉伸试验,观察了试件的受力过程和失效形态,获得了载荷-位移曲线;同时基于连续损伤力学模型和三维Hashin失效准则模拟了CFRP复合材料层合板的层内损伤形成和演化,并利用内聚力模型来模拟层间及胶层的失效损伤,对CFRP复合材料层合板单搭胶接结构在拉伸作用下的失效强度和损伤机制进行了预测,通过对比验证了该数值方法的有效性;通过数值试验比较不同搭接长度和铺层方式的单搭胶接结构及双搭胶接结构的连接强度和损伤行为,并提出了一种优化的CFRP复合材料层合板胶接结构。结果表明:CFRP复合材料层合板胶接结构的极限失效载荷随着搭接长度的增大逐渐增加并趋于稳定值,且结构的失效形式逐渐从胶层自身剪切失效过渡到邻近胶层的层合板层间分层失效;CFRP复合材料层合板胶接结构的连接强度和损伤行为随着铺层方式的不同而改变,通过对3种铺层方式的对比和分析,得到性能最好的铺层方式是[0₃/90₃]_2S;在搭接长度为5~20 mm时,通过对搭接长度进行优化,得到单搭胶接结构的最优搭接长度是17 mm,双搭胶接结构的最优搭接长度是19.3 mm,与搭接长度为20 mm相比,单搭胶接结构和双搭胶接结构的连接强度分别提高了13.26%和0.43%。      

起圈织物增强层合板层间力学性能有限元分析与实验研究

建立了一种起圈织物增强层合板的平拉单胞模型,通过有限元计算预测其平拉强度。研究起圈织物增强层合板的复合成型工艺,制作了符合要求的实验件。对该种材料的短梁剪切、平拉、双面剪切性能进行了实验研究,获得了该材料主要层间力学性能参数,并与传统复合材料层合板的力学性能进行了对比,得出了一些有益的结论,为该材料的性能分析和结构优化奠定了基础。     

湿热环境对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响及其损伤机理

采用加速吸湿法研究经3种湿热环境(湿度为85%RH,温度分别为25,70,85℃)处理后CFRP层合板的吸湿特性,对吸湿前后的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)层合板分别进行拉伸、压缩、剪切实验,研究其力学性能变化规律,利用扫描电镜和红外光谱分析湿热环境中CFRP层板的损伤机理,最后采用最小二乘法拟合提出湿热环境下CFRP层合板力学性能的预测公式。结果表明:CFRP层合板的吸湿初期特性符合Fick定律;相同湿度下环境温度越高,CFRP的吸湿速率和平衡吸湿率越大,达到吸湿平衡所需时的间越长;3种湿热环境处理后的CFRP层板的90°拉伸和剪切力学性能下降最明显;经湿热环境处理后水分子通过氢键与环氧树脂发生缔合,但CFRP层合板中的各组分未发生化学结构变化;拟合建立的不同湿热条件下力学性能衰退公式与实验结果基本一致。     

静电植绒法处理多壁碳纳米管改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

为提高玻纤增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能,采用静电植绒法将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)附着在玻纤织物表面,得到改性的玻纤织物。利用一种低黏度的环氧树脂和所制得的改性织物,采用真空辅助成型工艺(VARI)制备了MWCNTs改性格玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板,表征了层合板的力学性能。对进行力学实验后的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料试样断口进行了SEM和OPM观察。结果显示:与未添加MWCNTs的玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板相比,添加了MWCNTs的层合板的拉伸强度降低了10.24%,弯曲强度降低了13.90%,压缩强度降低了17.33%,拉伸模量和弯曲模量分别提高了19.38%和16.04%,压缩模量提高了13%;MWCNTs与玻纤织物之间的结合较弱,在拉伸作用下,存在明显的脱粘和分层;将改性玻纤织物在200℃下热压处理2h后,制备的MWCNTs改性玻纤织物/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的力学性能均有所提高,热压处理后树脂与玻纤织物之间的界面结合得到改善。     

Fabrication of Microchanneled Composites by Novel Selective Polymer Degradation

In this research a new low-cost, highly compatible method is proposed and demonstrated to create microchannels within carbon fiber reinforced polymeric (CFRP) composite laminates that caused a lower mechanical loss due to their presence. In it, microchannels were created within the CFRP composite laminate by selective degradation of the specially selected polymer, whose solid preforms were placed at specific locations within dry fabric layers during composite manufacturing by resin infusion. Interlaminar shear (ILSS) and three-point-bend flexural tests were carried out on CFRP composite laminates with and without microchannels of different diameters to assess their effect on structural strength. The results showed that inclusion of microchannels within the CFRP composite laminates decreased their ILSS and flexural strength, which decreased steadily with the increase in channel diameter. The mechanism for these observed results was found to be the creation of resin-rich areas, microchannels and lessened fiber content by the addition of microchannels. These mechanical testing results were compared with the results of CFRP composite laminates with microchannels, inserted by hollow glass tubes (HGTs), and it was found that the new applied strategy was quite effective in introducing microchannels within CFRP composite laminates with reduced mechanical loss and provided more space for additional functionalities.     

CFRP随机孔隙模型及孔隙率超声检测数值模拟

基于炭纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)随机孔隙模型,提出采用时域有限差分法对CFRP孔隙率超声衰减检测进行数值模拟。针对孔隙率P=0.065%~4.96%,厚度2mm,纤维质量分数69%±3%的多层预浸料热压成型炭纤维单向增强环氧树脂基复合板,进行了数值模拟与实验测试。所得到的CFRP孔隙率与超声衰减系数间关系,在模拟与实验中展现了相似的规律。结果表明:利用随机孔隙模型结合时域有限差分法进行CFRP孔隙率超声检测数值模拟具有可行性。     

3D finite element analysis of tensile notched strength of 2/2 twill weave fabric composites with drilled circular hole

This paper presents the micromechanical three-dimensional finite element models of the 2/2 twill weave T300 carbon/epoxy woven fabric composite laminates with drilled circular holes of different sizes. A fiber breakage failure criterion for predicting the ultimate tensile notched strength of fiber dominated composites is also proposed. It is found that the location of failure initiation for laminates with large hole size is different from those for laminates with smaller holes while the stress concentration may not occur at the notch roots for the fiber dominated laminates. Based on the uniaxial, shear and von Mises stress distributions in the yarn and matrix, the influence of hole-size on the stress distributions and stress concentration is discussed. Standard tensile tests with modifications are performed for this particular type of woven fabric composites. The apparent strain concentration factors and notched strengths determined by experiments are presented and the finite element models are verified by satisfactory correlation between prediction and experiment.     

碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料层合板干涉连接插钉轴向力建模与分析

碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料（CFRP）构件干涉配合连接的插钉轴向力过大会引起层合板弯曲和分层,严重影响产品的安全性。针对CFRP层合板的高锁螺栓干涉连接过程,分析了其制孔、插钉及拧紧等装配连接工艺,将其干涉插钉过程划分为4个阶段,并对各个阶段进行了详细的力学行为分析;对螺栓杆处和倒角处的挤压力和摩擦力分别进行力学建模,并结合各作用力的边界条件与阶段划分,构建了干涉插钉全过程的轴向力模型;通过ABAQUS有限元模拟了CFRP层合板干涉插钉工艺过程,并开展了干涉螺栓安装实验,对比分析了层合板孔周径向挤压应力分布和插钉轴向力变化规律,解析结果与模拟和实验结果吻合较好,为后续CFRP层合板的插钉分层损伤和工艺优化研究奠定基础。      

T700轴向增强经编织物复合材料力学性能的模拟分析与试验研究

应用一种新型界面元模型研究了复合材料层间剪切损伤。通过引入双线性损伤准则和损伤演化,预报复合材料层间裂纹扩展。轴向增强经编织物复合材料由针织纱线引起的纤维变形(KYD)产生了富树脂区域,基于细观力学理论提出了一种新的研究轴向增强经编织物单胞模型受单向拉伸和剪切时KYD区周围应力分布的方法,得出了单胞在受载时首先在这一区域产生裂纹。对单轴向T700经编织物复合材料进行了三点弯曲性能和层间剪切性能试验测试,分析了经编织物复合材料的力学特性。分别模拟了弯曲性能和层间剪切性能试验,得出了最大预报载荷值与试验值误差小于10%,并基于有限元模型研究了复合材料面内损伤和层间裂纹扩展损伤机制。     

Improvements in mechanical properties of a carbon fiber epoxy composite using nanotube science and technology

Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates, with strategically incorporated fluorine functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) at 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 weight percent (wt.%), are studied for improvements in tensile strength and stiffness and durability under both tension–tension (R = +0.1) and tension–compression (R = −0.1) cyclic loadings, and then compared to the neat (0.0 wt.% CNTs) composite laminate material. To develop the nanocomposite laminates, a spraying technology was used to deposit nanotubes on both sides of each four-harness satin weave carbon fiber fabric piece for the 12 ply laminate lay up. For these experimental studies the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy laminates were fabricated using a heated vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (H-VARTM®) method followed by a 2 soak curing cycle. The f-CNTs toughened the epoxy resin-fiber interfaces to mitigate the evolution of fiber/fabric-matrix interfacial cracking and delamination under both static and cyclic loadings. As a consequence, significant improvements in the mechanical properties of tensile strength, stiffness and resistance to failure due to cyclic loadings resulted for this carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminate.     

碳纤维增强羟基磷灰石/环氧树脂复合材料的制备与力学性能

采用树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备了碳纤维增强环氧树脂以及碳纤维增强羟基磷灰石(HA)/环氧树脂两种复合材料，并测试了其力学性能。结果表明，RTM工艺可以基本保证环氧基体均匀浸入碳纤维织物内部。碳纤维增强HA，环氧复合材料的冲击韧性高于碳纤维增强环氧复合材料，而弯曲强度和弯曲模量低于碳纤维增强环氧复合材料。两种复合材料的弯曲强度远高于人体皮质骨，弯曲模量与皮质骨非常接近。动态力学分析(DMA)表明加入HA后，复合材料的贮存模量和内耗降低，玻璃化转变温度升高。     

Preparation of carbon nanotube/copper/carbon fiber hierarchical composites by electrophoretic deposition for enhanced thermal conductivity and interfacial properties

A facile electrophoretic deposition method was proposed to deposit copper (Cu) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of carbon fiber (CF) to improve the thermal conductivity and interfacial properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Surface morphologies, crystallographic properties, thermal conductivity, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and element distribution of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, thermal constant analysis, short-beam bending tests and SEM energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometer (SEM–EDX), respectively. The results indicate that the presence of Cu and CNTs generated networks and bridges with each other, which produced continuous heat conduction pathways and significantly enhanced both the specific surface area and roughness of the fiber surface. These pathways obviously promoted an improvement in the thermal and interfacial properties. The thermal conductivity and ILSS of the CNTs–Cu–CF/epoxy composites increased by 292 and 39.5%, respectively, compared with CF/epoxy composites. Therefore, this method is anticipated to be utilized in the future fabrication of multifunctional CFRP composites.     

双斜接修补复合材料层合板的拉伸行为及影响因素双斜接修补复合材料层合板的拉伸行为及影响因素

基于试验和有限元数值方法对双斜接修补碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料层合板在拉伸载荷作用下的力学行为开展研究。通过试验分析了两种不同厚度的双斜接修补复合材料结构的承载能力和失效形式。结果表明,对于不同厚度的双斜接修补复合材料结构,失效强度接近,主要破坏形式均以胶层内聚破坏为主,伴随局部的90°基体开裂。利用连续介质损伤力学模型和内聚力模型分别对复合材料和胶层失效进行描述,通过数值方法开展双斜接修补结构的强度预测和损伤演化分析。数值结果与试验吻合较好,并且指出复合材料基体开裂起始早于胶层失效。通过有限元模型讨论了附加层、双斜接内部尖端所处位置和修补胶层参数对修补性能的影响。