抽拉速率对定向凝固DZ483合金的微观组织及力学性能的影响

研究抽拉速率对DZ483合金微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着抽拉速率的提高,合金的一、二次枝晶间距逐渐减小,γ′相尺寸减小,但γ′相的数量增多;共晶组织及枝晶间碳化物的数量增多。碳化物形貌由块状转变成长条状,类型不随抽拉速率的提高而改变。随着抽拉速率的升高,除Cr元素偏析系数在1左右波动外,其余元素的偏析程度都增加,其中W、Mo元素偏析程度明显加重;DZ483合金的持久性能随抽拉速率的提高先升高后降低。不同抽拉速率下,合金断口均呈现出韧性断裂和脆性断裂混合特征,γ′相为合金的主要强化相。随着抽拉速率的提高,一方面,合金中γ′相的数量逐渐增多,尺寸逐渐减小,提高了合金的持久性能;另一方面,由于元素偏析程度加重、碳化物和共晶数量增多及γ′相筏形化规则程度的下降,降低了合金的持久性能。     

抽拉速率对连续定向凝固DZ22高温合金组织和性能的影响

采用下引式连续定向凝固装置研究了抽拉速率对DZ22高温合金连续定向凝固组织和性能的影响.结果表明:随着抽拉速率从3 mm/min增加到9 mm/min,一次枝晶间距从199μm减小到141μm,二次枝晶间距从43μm减小到32μm;合金中主要元素的微观偏析程度均减轻;碳化物呈颗粒状弥散分布,其面积分数从1.2％降低到0...     

抽拉速率对DD5单晶高温合金定向凝固组织及偏析的影响

研究了高速凝固条件下抽拉速率对DD5单晶高温合金定向凝固组织的影响。结果表明：随着抽拉速率的增大,DD5合金枝晶组织逐渐细化,一次枝晶间距减小;偏析程度加重;γ′相尺寸减小且趋于规则的立方状,枝晶干γ′相的尺寸小于枝晶间;γ/γ′共晶含量、碳化物含量和显微疏松随抽拉速率增大而增加,而γ/γ′共晶和碳化物的尺寸减小。     

抽拉速率对定向凝固镍基高温合金组织和偏析的影响

研究了抽拉速率对一种定向凝固镍基高温合金组织与偏析的影响。结果表明,随着抽拉速率的增加,固液界面由平界面向胞状,再到粗枝状,最后到细枝状的演变过程,枝晶不断细化;一次和二次枝晶间距不断变小,γ′相形貌越来越呈规则的立方体,γ′尺寸逐渐变小。元素偏析程度先增大后减小,并在100μm/s时到达峰值;共晶和碳化物尺寸均随着抽拉速率的增大而变小,碳化物和共晶体积分数随抽拉速率增大而增大。     

抽拉速率对定向凝固叶片状DZ125高温合金微观组织的影响

应用液态金属冷却(LMC)和高速凝固(HRS)定向凝固技术,对DZ125高温合金叶片状铸件在不同抽拉速率下的组织演变规律进行了研究,并对比研究了LMC和HRS法所得铸件的微观组织.结果表明,同一定向凝固方法下,随抽拉速率的提高,铸件枝晶组织及γ′析出相得到细化;应用LMC技术所制备铸件的枝晶组织和γ′析出相较相同抽拉速率HRS方法时更为细小;相同工艺参数下LMC和HRS方法所制备铸件一次枝晶间距的差异随铸件壁厚及抽拉速率的增大而更显著.通过对固/液界面前沿温度梯度进行估算发现,LMC方法可获得更高的温度梯度,且其温度梯度受抽拉速率变化影响较HRS更小.除70μm/s抽拉速率外,LMC法所得γ+γ′共晶组织的含量均显著少于HRS方法;70μm/s抽拉速率时,LMC法产生的偏析较严重,而其余凝固条件下偏析程度较相同工艺参数下HRS轻.110μm/s抽拉速率时,HRS方法较LMC方法制备铸件中MC型碳化物尺寸更大.     

抽拉速率对DZ951合金组织和性能的影响

系统研究了抽拉速率对DZ951合金组织和性能的影响.试验结果表明:随着抽拉速率的增大,合金的定向凝固组织由粗枝状晶向细枝状晶演变,γ’相体积分数没有明显的变化但尺寸有所减小,而γ’相的形状逐渐趋向于规则立方;共晶含量、疏松水平和偏析程度都随抽拉速率的增加而变大;拉伸强度和伸长率都呈现出先减小而后增大的趋势.     

DZ125高温合金定向凝固微观组织的CA法模拟

采用伪二元相图法对DZ125多元合金进行了简化,并用二维Cellular Automaton(CA)法模拟了合金定向凝固微观组织.通过采用不均匀连续形核模型,在考虑到枝晶生长动力学的基础上,模拟了不同抽拉速度下合金定向凝固组织形貌,枝晶界面形态以及一次枝晶间距的变化,说明树枝晶竞争生长中存在"分枝"与"淹没"的机制;并且随凝固速率的增加,合金凝固组织从分枝较少的胞状树枝晶向分枝发达的树枝晶转变.模拟的一次枝晶间距从凝固速率为50 μm/s时的132 μm减少到凝固速率为500 μm/s时的69 μm.模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

抽拉速率对含Ru镍基单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响

研究了不同抽拉速率对含Ru镍基单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响.结果表明,随着抽拉速率的加快,单晶合金的铸态组织由粗枝状晶向细枝状晶演变,枝晶干和枝晶间的γ′相尺寸减少,合金元素的偏析降低,γ-γ'共晶含量减少,NiAl基β相含量逐渐降低.同时,抽拉速率对合金的相变温度影响不大.     

试样截面尺寸变化对高温合金DZ125定向凝固组织的影响

采用截面变化的DZ125高温合金试样进行液态金属冷却定向凝固,抽拉速率为25μm／s、50μm／s、100μm／s和500μm／s,获得了截面变化前后的稳定组织以及截面变化区的组织演变。结果表明,当凝固顺序由大截面向小截面时。一次枝晶间距变窄,抽拉速为500μm／s,枝晶生长方向发生偏转。随着试样比表面积的增大,一次枝晶间距减小。由于截面的变化,组织的演化是一个渐变的过程,不同的冷却速率和凝固顺序都影响着组织的演化过程。     

定向凝固NiAl合金的微观组织和高温力学性能Ⅱ.高温力学性能 …

用压缩实验的方法研究了热等静压处理后ＤＳ ＮｉＡｌ－２８Ｃｒ－５．５Ｍｏ－０．５Ｈｆ合金的高温变形行为。发现流变应力随温度升高或应变速率减小而降低,服从幂指数规律,并求出了合金的应力指数ｎ和变形激活能Ｑ。运用ＨＲＥＭ从微观方面分析了合金中存在的各种界面以及界面与力学性能的关系。     

镍基定向凝固高温合金力学性能的统计分析

通过随机抽样和统计的方法对定向凝固高温合金的弹性常数进行了分析.结果表明:由于合金晶粒数目较少,弹性常数统计结果的变异系数较大,证实定向凝固高温合金横向性能分散性较大;由抽样检验发现,定向凝固高温合金的弹性常数统计上近似服从正态分布;应该采用统计方法描述定向凝固合金的力学行为.     

热处理对DZ125定向凝固合金组织结构与蠕变行为的影响

通过不同条件蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究了热处理对DZ125合金的组织结构演变和蠕变行为的影响规律。结果表明,铸态合金的枝晶间区域存在较多放射状的共晶组织,在枝晶间和枝晶干处部分γ′相呈蝶形形态且γ′相尺寸具有较大差异。铸态合金的共晶组织及γ′相在固溶过程中被溶解,并在随后的冷却过程中类菱形的细小γ′相自γ基体中析出;一次时效期间,类菱形的细小γ′相发生钝化并长大直至转变成立方体形态;二次时效期间,γ′相的尺寸基本不变,但立方度增加,合金的组织结构为γ′相以共格方式自γ基体中析出。在热处理过程中基本消除了合金中的共晶组织,并提高了γ′相的立方度,但并未消除合金中的组织不均匀性,枝晶干区域的立方γ′相尺寸细小,而枝晶间区域的立方γ′相尺寸粗大,并且合金在980 ℃具有良好的抗蠕变性能。     

定向凝固铸造高温合金DZ125热处理工艺的研究

研究了一步和三步两种热处理工艺对DZ125合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明：采用三步热处理工艺可明显改善显著组织。1180℃预处理消除了合金中的低熔点相，有效地抑制了合金的初熔，提高了合金的固溶温度，随着固溶温度的提高，元素枝晶偏析减轻，共晶中的γ′相和初生的粗大γ′相固溶量增加，在随后的冷却和时效过程中析出较多细小γ′相，1100℃高温时效调整了细小γ′相的尺寸和形状，使合金中温，高温持久寿命比一步热处理有不同程度提高。     

Influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DZ951 alloy

DZ951 directionally solidified nickel-base superalloy is mainly strengthened by y phase.Regularly aligned cuboidal and bimodal γ precipitates were attained by two heat treatments.The effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of DZ951 alloy has been investigated.The results indicate that MC carbide changes to little blocks during aging treatment at 1050℃ (HT1).MC carbide partly degrades into M23c6 and there is a layer of γ around the carbide during aging treatment at 115℃ (HT2),which is beneficial to the elongation of DZ951 alloy.Small γ volume fraction and the uneven deformation structure are contributed to low mechanical propexties of the as-cast alloy.HT1 alloy has a better stress rupture life at 1100℃50 MPa and yield stress at 20℃,800℃ and 1100℃,which is attributed to regularly aligned cuboidal γ phase and even deformation structure.HT2 alloy has a good combination of strength and ductility.This arises fi'om the bimodal γ precitates and the degeneration of MC carbide.     

Influence of thermal exposure on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a superalloy

The effects of long-term aging on microstructures and their influence on tensile and stress-rupture behavior of a corrosion resistant nickel-base superalloy are investigated. Samples are aged isothermally at 1073, 1123, or 1173 K for different times of up to 10,000 h and mechanical tests are performed on samples in both standard heat treatment (SHT) and aged conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies reveal that the coarsening kinetics of γ′ follows a linear law at different temperatures with the calculated activation energy, i.e., 255 kJ/mol, for γ′ growth according to Lifshitz-Slyozof-Wagner (LSW) theory. After long-term aging for more than 1 khours, σ phase appears in the alloy. The kinetics of σ formation can be described by the Johnson-Avrime-Mehl equation. Tensile experiments at room temperature and 1173 K and endurance experiments at 1173 K/274 MPa are performed to test the effect of σ phases on these properties and no remarkable harmful effect is found. γ′ coarsening can be used to explain the reduction of yield stress, which is tested by the Labusch-Schwarz hardening theory. Although the presence of the σ phase clearly does affect the fracture process, the σ phase does not embrittle the alloy.     

DZ417G镍基定向凝固高温合金的再结晶

研究了喷砂和机加工后DZ417G合金在热处理过程中的组织演化及其对拉伸、持久性能的影响.结果表明:喷砂和机加工后,DZ417G合金样品热处理后表面发生了再结晶.扫描电镜观察发现固溶处理样品中的再结晶晶粒呈等轴晶晶粒,而在时效处理后再结晶晶粒呈胞状形式生长.表层再结晶使室温拉伸强度有一定程度的降低,对高温拉伸强度影响不大.表面再结晶厚度在持久过程中增加.表层等轴晶再结晶组织使持久性能降低,二次胞状再结晶组织将导致持久性能的进一步降低.     

High-temperature oxidation of directionally solidified Ni-Al-Cr3C2 eutectic

The isothermal oxidation behavior of a directionally solidified Ni-Al-Cr₃C₂ eutectic alloy in flowing air at 1100° C has been studied using various physical techniques. Initially, the alloy oxidizes relatively slowly as a protective - Al₂O₃ layer develops on its surface. However, this layer breaks down mechanically at temperature, enabling a more rapidly growing Cr₂O₃ -rich scale to develop, the carbide fibers supplying chromium for the oxidation process. The extent of oxidation is further increased by the development of substantial amounts of internal oxide in the alloy beneath this scale, with some preferential oxidation down the alloy-carbide fiber interfaces. The influence of carbide fiber orientation on the oxidation behavior is considered and discussed in relation to proposed oxidation mechanisms.     

Effect of bonding temperatures on the transient liquid phase bonding of a directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy,GTD-111

The bonding phenomenon and the mechanism involved in the transient liquid phase bonding (TLP Bonding) of directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy GTD-111 was investigated. At a bonding temperature of 1403 K, the liquid insert metal was eliminated by isothermal solidification, which was controlled by the diffusion of B and Si into the base metal. The solids in the bonded interlayer simultaneously grew epitaxially from the mating base metal inward from the insert metal. The number of grain boundaries formed at the bonded interlayer corresponded with those of the base metal. Liquefaction at the grain boundary and dendrite boundary occurred at a temperature of 1433 K. At a bonding temperature of 1453 K which is higher than the liquefaction temperature of the grain boundary, liquids of the insert metal were connected with liquated grain boundaries; this connection extended as far as the grain boundary, which was approximately 1.5 mm from the interface. The composition of this liquid was a mixture of the insert metal and phase that existed at the grain boundary. At extended holding times, liquid phases gradually decreased, and liquids with a continuous band shape develop into distinct islands. However, the liquid phases did not disappear after a holding period of 7.2 ks at 1453K. The extended isothermal solidification process at the bonding temperature, which is higher than the liquefaction temperature for the grain boundary, was controlled by the diffusion of Ti. This resulted in its preferential liquefaction compared to B or Si in the insert metal.