喷涂粉末对MoSi_2涂层结构的影响

以自蔓延合成MoSi2粉末和团聚体MoSi2粉末为喷涂原料,采用大气等离子喷涂技术,在K403镍基合金表面制备了二硅化钼涂层,考察了两种喷涂用粉末对MoSi2涂层的相组成和微观组织的影响。结果表明,自蔓延合成粉末制备的MoSi2涂层含有较多的Mo5Si3和Mo相,不利于涂层的抗氧化性能;采用团聚体粉末为喷涂原料,可制备出含有少量的Mo5Si3相和Mo相且致密性较好的MoSi2涂层。     

等离子喷涂纳米团聚体粉末的熔化特性研究

纳米陶瓷粉末(CYZ:ZrO2-4.5wt%Y2O3-25wt?O2和YSZ:ZrO2-8wt%Y2O3)经过团聚后,采用等离子喷涂(APS)方法在GH30高温合金表面制备热障涂层(TBC).用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、场发射显微镜(FESEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对团聚体粉末在等离子焰流中的熔化情况、制备的涂层组织结构进行了分析研究.结果表明:团聚后的球形粉末经过等离子弧后对于较大的团聚体颗粒只是表层约1μm被熔化,颗粒内部仍保持原始粉末的纳米结构;制备的涂层主要由熔化结晶部分和未熔化的纳米粒子构成,熔化结晶部分晶粒尺寸为60～80nm,大于原始粉末尺寸;CYZ涂层组成相为稳定的t相和c相,涂层中分布有大量的微裂纹和闭合的孔隙;两种涂层的孔隙率分别为6.2%和7.6%.     

等离子喷涂纳米复合陶瓷涂层的组织结构及其形成机理

以Al2O3-13%TiO2(质量分数)团聚体复合陶瓷粉末为材料,采用等离子喷涂工艺在TiAl合金表面制备纳米结构陶瓷涂层.用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析粉末和涂层形貌、微观结构及相组成,讨论涂层的微观组织形成机理.结果表明:纳米结构复合陶瓷涂层由部分熔化区以及与常规等离子喷涂类似的片层状完全熔化区组成;根据组织结构的不同,部分熔化区又分为液相烧结区(亚微米Al2O3粒子镶嵌在TiO2基质相的三维网状或骨骼状结构)和固相烧结区(经过一定程度长大但仍保持在纳米尺度的残留纳米粒子);等离子喷涂使部分α-Al2O3以及全部θ-Al2O3转变为亚稳态γ-Al2O3;纳米结构复合陶瓷涂层中的完全熔化区、液相烧结区及固相烧结区分别由等离子喷涂过程中纳米团聚体粉末中温度高于Al2O3熔点、介于TiO2熔点到Al2O3熔点之间以及低于TiO2熔点区域沉积获得,纳米结构涂层中不同部分熔化组织源于复合陶瓷粉末中Al2O3与TiO2之间的熔点差异.     

等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-13TiO2陶瓷涂层研究

以常规和纳米团聚体Al2O3-13TiO2(ω/%,下同)复合陶瓷粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂工艺在TiAl合金表面制备常规和纳米结构陶瓷涂层.用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)仪分析粉末和涂层形貌、微观结构及相组成,同时对纳米结构涂层的微观组织形成机制进行了讨论.结果表明:常规复合陶瓷涂层呈典型的等离子喷涂层状堆积特征;纳米结构复合陶瓷涂层由部分熔化区以及与常规等离子喷涂类似的片层状完全熔化区组成.根据组织结构的不同,部分熔化区又分为亚微米A12O3粒子镶嵌在TiO2基质相的三维网状或骨骼状结构的液相烧结区和经过一定长大但仍保持在纳米尺度的残留纳米粒子的固相烧结区,不同的部分熔化组织源于复合陶瓷粉末中A12O3与TiO2之间的熔点差异.由于等离子喷涂过程中涂层沉积时的快速凝固作用,不管是常规还是纳米涂层都以亚稳相γ-A12O3为主.     

等离子喷涂及真空热处理过程中MoSi2涂层的相演变

分别采用MoSi2Mo-66.7%Si和Mo-70%Si(摩尔分数)粉末为原料,在45钢上大气等离子喷涂MoSi2涂层,对喷涂前后相以及真空热处理对涂层相和组织的影响进行了研究.结果表明,以MoSi2为原料喷涂后,涂层主要是由MoSi2和Mo5Si3相组成,MoSi2由亚稳定的MoSi2(h)六方结构和稳定的MoSi2(t)四方晶体结构组成.而Mo-66.7%Si和Mo-70%Si两种粉末喷涂后,涂层均由Mo,Si单质粉组成,喷涂过程没有形成硅化物.Mo-66.7%Si涂层在1 050,1 200℃热处理1 h后,涂层中主相是Mo5Si3,次相为MoSi2.Mo-70%Si涂层在800,1 000 ℃热处理30 min后,生成了少量的MoSi2,Mo5Si3和Mo3Si.在1 050 ℃热处理时,随着时间的延长,MoSi2相含量相对增多,当热处理时间为30,45 min时,由于Mo,Si和Fe之间的反应扩散,还生成了FeMoSi和Fe3Si相.     

等离子喷涂中纳米团聚体粉末温度场数值模拟

在纳米粒子排布方式理想化假设及热物性参数换算基础上,对纳米团聚体Al2O3-13%TiO2粉末等离子喷涂过程中的温度场进行数值模拟,分析粉末直径、喷涂距离及喷嘴出口处等离子焰流温度对粉末熔化状态的影响,并通过试验研究粉末在喷涂过程中的熔化特性.结果表明,要想获得适当且比较均匀的熔化状态,粉末粒度大小范围不宜分布过宽,同...     

低压等离子喷涂制备喷雾干燥型与机械混合型ZrB2-MoSi2复合涂层的比较研究

利用喷雾干燥与真空烧结技术制备团聚型ZrB2-MoSi2复合粉末,以这些粉末为原料,通过低压等离子喷涂法制备了ZrB2-30 wt.%MoSi2复合涂层(SZM涂层)。作为对比,利用机械混合粉末制备了ZrB2-30 wt.%MoSi2复合涂层(MZM涂层)。借助SEM、XRD和EDS等对涂层的组织结构进行研究,并利用霍尔流速计和松装密度计对团聚粉末的流动性和松装密度进行了测试。此外,对涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率和氧化特性均进行了研究。结果表明：喷雾干燥粉末在1200℃真空烧结1h后,它的流动性和松装密度分别达到25.8 s/50g 和1.12 g/cm3。与MZM涂层相比,SZM涂层中的MoSi2分布更加均匀,而且结构更加致密。所以团聚粉末制备的涂层在1500℃的抗氧化性能更好。     

等离子喷涂工艺参数对二硅化钼涂层微观结构的影响

以30～54μm的二硅化钼为喷涂粉末,研究了喷涂参数对二硅化钼涂层微观结构的影响。结果表明,喷涂过程中,喷涂粉末中部分四方相MoSi2(t)转变为六方相MoSi2(h),MoSi2中Si含量出现了烧损。随着喷涂距离、功率、氩气流量和送粉速率的增加,涂层的孔隙率先降低后升高。随着氩气流量和送粉速率的增加,熔融粒子氧化程度逐渐减弱;而喷涂距离和喷涂功率的增加,熔融颗粒氧化加剧,富钼相出现的趋势增加。获得以MoSi2为主相涂层的喷涂工艺规范较宽,较佳的喷涂工艺参数为:喷涂电流500A、电压70V、喷涂距离100mm、送粉量26g/min、氩气流量45 L/min。     

ZrB_2-SiC粉末与等离子射流场的相互作用

为了探究等离子喷涂制备ZrB_2-SiC涂层组织结构疏松、致密性差的原因,采用去离子水对经过射流场加热的粉体进行收集,对比前后粉体的组织结构特征以及物相变化。设计单颗粒沉积试验探究粉体的熔化状态以及变形颗粒的形貌特征,并与等离子喷涂制备涂层进行对应分析。结果表明,由于"涡流效应"使得经过等离子射流场的ZrB_2-SiC粉体与卷入的氧气发生反应,粉体出现轻微氧化现象。经过等离子射流场后,ZrB_2-SiC粉体呈现3种形貌特征:表面光滑型、表面多孔型、表面团聚型。其原因与等离子射流温度场非均匀性以及粉体的飞行路径有关。变形颗粒呈现与之相对应的3种形貌特征:熔化充分颗粒、团聚堆积颗粒、以及介于两者间的半熔融半疏松颗粒。共晶组织包裹的ZrB_2颗粒容易在涂层中形成致密区,而团聚堆积的ZrB_2和SiC颗粒是涂层形成疏松区的主要原因。     

等离子喷涂未烧结YSZ喷雾造粒粉体涂层中纳米结构特征研究

目的解决未烧结纳米结构团聚体颗粒的喷涂问题,通过使用未烧结团聚体粉末使涂层获得更多且与原始粉体尺度相近的纳米颗粒。研究未烧结粉体沉积时,纳米结构特征随电弧电流变化的关系。方法利用延长喷嘴喷枪实现了未烧结氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)喷雾造粒粉体的有效沉积。在电流150、200、250 A下分别制备具有不同纳米结构的YSZ涂层,并利用场发射扫描电子显微镜与X射线衍射观察微观结构,尤其是纳米结构特征的变化及相结构。利用德拜谢乐公式计算涂层的平均晶粒尺寸。通过对低载荷下的维氏硬度进行Weibull分析来了解涂层的微观结构。结果采用延长喷嘴技术,粉末经延长喷嘴处送入等离子射流,未烧结粉沉积效率可达21.2%~40.2%。涂层平均晶粒尺寸约为44~56nm。200 A时涂层中具有紧密且未被周围熔化部分包围的纳米结构,含量约为37%。进一步增加或降低电弧电流得到的涂层中的纳米结构具有不同的特征,这种差异可通过Weibull曲线的比较分析来印证。结论实验采用的喷枪装置能够有效地喷涂疏松且结合强度较低的未烧结团聚体粉末,涂层平均晶粒尺度显著降低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.